{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:09:11Z","timestamp":1791266951974,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health","award":["IZS VE 03\/08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IZS VE 03\/08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaerobe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,30]],"date-time":"2015-10-30T15:17:07Z","timestamp":1446218227000},"page":"25-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evidence for a natural humoral response in dairy cattle affected by persistent botulism sustained by non-chimeric type C strains"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Luca","family":"Bano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilenia","family":"Drigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tonon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giacomo","family":"Berto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tavella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cedric","family":"Woudstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Capello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Agnoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.23.1.201-202.1986","article-title":"Characterization of an organism that produces type E botulinal toxin but which resembles Clostridium butyricum from the feces of an infant with type E botulism","volume":"23","author":"McCroskey","year":"1986","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-38-4-375","article-title":"Clostridium argentinense sp. nov.: a genetically homogeneous group composed of all strains of Clostridium botulinum toxin type G and some nontoxigenic strains previously identified as Clostridium subterminale or Clostridium hastiforme","volume":"38","author":"Suen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.11.2618-2620.1991","article-title":"Type F botulism due to neurotoxigenic Clostridium baratii from an unknown source in an adult","volume":"29","author":"McCroskey","year":"1991","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit450","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a novel botulinum neurotoxin type H gene","volume":"209","author":"Dover","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.07.023","article-title":"Characterization of the D\/C mosaic neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum associated with bovine botulism in Japan","volume":"140","author":"Nakamura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1637\/7347-022305R1.1","article-title":"Characterization of the neurotoxin produced by isolates associated with avian botulism","volume":"49","author":"Takeda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Avian Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2004.02.006","article-title":"Clostridial disease associated with neurologic signs: tetanus, botulism, and enterotoxemia","volume":"20","author":"Rings","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1984.185.07.798","article-title":"Catastrophic death losses in a dairy herd attributed to type D botulism","volume":"185","author":"Abbitt","year":"1984","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.116.19.522","article-title":"Suspected bovine botulism associated with broiler litter waste","volume":"116","author":"Appleyard","year":"1985","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1136\/inpract.30.7.392","article-title":"Diagnosis and implications of botulism","volume":"30","author":"Hogg","year":"2008","journal-title":"In Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.130.18.398","article-title":"Suspected botulism in three intensively managed Australian cattle herds","volume":"130","author":"Trueman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/10408390802544405","article-title":"Clostridium botulinum in cattle and dairy products","volume":"50","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870301500603","article-title":"Determination of the median toxic dose of type C botulinum toxin in lactating dairy cows","volume":"15","author":"Moeller","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/46.4.335","article-title":"Susceptibility of monkeys, goats and small animals to oral administration of botulinum toxin, types B, C and D","author":"Gunnison","year":"1930","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.298-314.2006","article-title":"Laboratory diagnostics of botulism","volume":"19","author":"Lindstrom","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00046-06","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of levels of serum immunoglobulin G against botulinum neurotoxin type D and association with protection in natural outbreaks of cattle botulism","volume":"13","author":"Steinman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2013.06.011","article-title":"Efficacy of Clostridium botulinum types C and D toxoid vaccination in Danish cows","volume":"23","author":"Kr\u00fcger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.08.024","article-title":"Investigation of serology for diagnosis of outbreaks of botulism in cattle","volume":"192","author":"Mawhinney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1996.tb09966.x","article-title":"Use of enzyme-linked immunoassays for antibody to types C and D botulinum toxins for investigations of botulism in cattle","volume":"73","author":"Gregory","year":"1996","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5288(18)31856-3","article-title":"Botulism among penned pheasants and protection by vaccination with C1 toxoid","volume":"38","author":"Kurazono","year":"1985","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6457","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00805-09","article-title":"Multiplex PCR for detection of botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia in clinical, food, and environmental samples","volume":"75","author":"De Medici","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3120","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.07568-11","article-title":"Neurotoxin gene profiling of Clostridium botulinum types C and D native to different countries within Europe","volume":"78","author":"Woudstra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib23","series-title":"Botulism in the United States, 1899\u20131996. Handbook for Epidemiologists, Clinicians and Laboratory Workers","first-page":"1","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.75.3.360-365.1958","article-title":"Studies on immunity to toxins of Clostridium botulinum. IV. Production and purification of type C toxin for conversion to toxoid","volume":"75","author":"Cardella","year":"1958","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408","article-title":"A\u00a0simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints","volume":"27","author":"Reed","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00264-9","article-title":"The immunogenicity in humans of a botulinum type F vaccine","volume":"18","author":"Montgomery","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib27","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions","author":"Fleiss","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.08.051","article-title":"Cattle immune response to botulinum type D toxoid: results of a vaccination study","volume":"25","author":"Steinman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Anaerobe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1075996415300573?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1075996415300573?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T07:27:21Z","timestamp":1748676441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1075996415300573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S1075996415300573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1075-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1075-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evidence for a natural humoral response in dairy cattle affected by persistent botulism sustained by non-chimeric type C strains","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Anaerobe","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.09.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}