{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:26:36Z","timestamp":1790479596356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foamix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. USA."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anaerobe"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,28]],"date-time":"2020-01-28T02:37:23Z","timestamp":1580179043000},"page":"102169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Susceptibility of Cutibacterium acnes to topical minocycline foam"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Joyce","family":"Sutcliffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew F.","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Drlica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.037","article-title":"Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris","volume":"74","author":"Zaenglein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002086.pub2","article-title":"Minocycline for acne vulgaris: efficacy and safety","author":"Garner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15043","article-title":"Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates","volume":"32","author":"Dreno","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2165\/11319280-000000000-00000","article-title":"Minocycline in acne vulgaris: benefits and risks","volume":"11","author":"Ochsendorf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20177003","article-title":"Algorithm for acne treatment: Ibero-Latin American consensus","volume":"92","author":"Bagatin","year":"2017","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1989.tb01399.x","article-title":"Erythromycin resistant propionibacteria in antibiotic treated acne patients: association with therapeutic failure","volume":"121","author":"Eady","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2016.1214234","article-title":"The extinction of topical erythromycin therapy for acne vulgaris and concern for the future of topical clindamycin","volume":"28","author":"Austin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05403.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes isolates from acne patients in Colombia","volume":"52","author":"Mendoza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.067611-0","article-title":"Relationship between the severity of acne vulgaris and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from acne lesions in a hospital in Japan","volume":"63","author":"Nakase","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00527-7","article-title":"Systematic review of antibiotic resistance in acne: an increasing topical and oral threat","volume":"16","author":"Walsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.6862","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne vulgaris","volume":"10","author":"Biswal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dev. Ctries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000392","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes is developing gradual increase in resistance to oral tetracyclines","volume":"66","author":"Nakase","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Topical oleaginous minocycline foam: efficacious delivery into skin layers","volume":"5","author":"Hazot","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Anal. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12139","article-title":"Minocycline: far beyond an antibiotic","volume":"169","author":"Garrido-Mesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib15","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic comparison of once-daily topical minocycline foam 4% vs oral minocycline for moderate-to-severe acne","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Drugs Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib16","series-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. CLSI supplement M100","author":"CLSI","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib17","author":"CLSI","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib18","author":"CLSI","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2004.04.012","article-title":"Pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial drugs","volume":"18","author":"Levison","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041480","article-title":"An expanded multilocus sequence typing scheme for Propionibacterium acnes: investigation of \u2019pathogenic\u2019, \u2019commensal\u2019 and antibiotic resistant strains","volume":"7","author":"McDowell","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.11.2841-2844.1993","article-title":"Selection criteria for an antimicrobial susceptibility testing system","volume":"31","author":"Jorgensen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3395","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.12.3395-3401.2000","article-title":"Two new mechanisms of macrolide resistance in clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Eastern Europe and North America","volume":"44","author":"Tait-Kamradt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.5.1162","article-title":"Clinical resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin in cutaneous propionibacteria isolated from acne patients is associated with mutations in 23S rRNA","volume":"41","author":"Ross","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1159\/000067822","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes resistance: a worldwide problem","volume":"206","author":"Eady","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku379","article-title":"Bacteriostatic versus bactericidal antibiotics for patients with serious bacterial infections: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Nemeth","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1086\/381972","article-title":"Clinical relevance of bacteriostatic versus bactericidal mechanisms of action in the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections","volume":"38","author":"Pankey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1127","article-title":"Busting the myth of \u201cstatic vs cidal\u201d: a systemic literature review","volume":"66","author":"Wald-Dickler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.08.020","article-title":"A\u00a0novel topical minocycline foam for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris: results of 2 randomized, double-blind, phase 3 studies","volume":"80","author":"Gold","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib29","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of a novel topical minocycline foam for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris: a phase 3 study","author":"Raoof","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1086\/508752","article-title":"The mutant selection window in rabbits infected with Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"194","author":"Cui","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1086\/511642","article-title":"Mutant selection window hypothesis updated","volume":"44","author":"Drlica","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1159\/000449280","article-title":"Determination of the mutant prevention concentration and the mutant selection window of topical antimicrobial agents against Propionibacterium acnes","volume":"62","author":"Nakase","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00112-16","article-title":"Current and emerging topical antibacterials and antiseptics: agents, action, and resistance patterns","volume":"30","author":"Williamson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801307010059","article-title":"Multidrug efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus: an update","volume":"7","author":"Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Open Microbiol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1814265116","article-title":"Sequential evolution of virulence and resistance during clonal spread of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"116","author":"Copin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a025387","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025387","article-title":"Tetracycline antibiotics and resistance","volume":"6","author":"Grossman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5561","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00547-15","article-title":"The ribosomal S10 protein is a general target for decreased tigecycline susceptibility","volume":"59","author":"Beabout","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004689","article-title":"Does high-dose antimicrobial chemotherapy prevent the evolution of resistance?","volume":"12","author":"Day","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib39","first-page":"20140566","article-title":"The path of least resistance: aggressive or moderate treatment?","volume":"281","author":"Kouyos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.4.459","article-title":"Effects of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline in the treatment of moderate acne","volume":"139","author":"Skidmore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.11.021","article-title":"Two randomized phase III clinical trials evaluating anti-inflammatory dose doxycycline (40-mg doxycycline, USP capsules) administered once daily for treatment of rosacea","volume":"56","author":"Del Rosso","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.18773\/austprescr.2018.004","article-title":"An update on the treatment of rosacea","volume":"41","author":"Rivero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust. Prescr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib43","article-title":"Interventions for rosacea based on the phenotype approach: an updated systematic review including GRADE assessments","author":"van Zuuren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002158","article-title":"Selection of resistant bacteria at very low antibiotic concentrations","volume":"7","author":"Gullberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.47489-0","article-title":"A\u00a0new phylogenetic group of Propionibacterium acnes","volume":"57","author":"McDowell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.326-334.2005","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes types I and II represent phylogenetically distinct groups","volume":"43","author":"McDowell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.04.001","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides and proinflammatory cytokines\/chemokines in human sebocytes","volume":"8","author":"Nagy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microb. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27788-0","article-title":"CAMP factor homologues in Propionibacterium acnes: a new protein family differentially expressed by types I and II","volume":"151","author":"Valanne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2017.06.005","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes and molecular characterization of mutations in the gyrA gene","volume":"47","author":"Takoudju","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13913","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility and phylogenetic analysis of Propionibacterium acnes isolated from acne patients in Japan between 2013 and 2015","volume":"44","author":"Nakase","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.2.433-438.2001","article-title":"Mutant prevention concentrations of fluoroquinolones for clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"45","author":"Blondeau","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."}],"container-title":["Anaerobe"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1075996420300251?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1075996420300251?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T08:37:51Z","timestamp":1761035871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1075996420300251"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S1075996420300251"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169","relation":{},"ISSN":["1075-9964"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1075-9964","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Susceptibility of Cutibacterium acnes to topical minocycline foam","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Anaerobe","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2020.102169","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102169"}}