{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:33:58Z","timestamp":1791182038648,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annallergy.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,27]],"date-time":"2010-01-27T05:20:33Z","timestamp":1264569633000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of systemic mastocytosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Sonia N.","family":"Bains","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fred H.","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-11-078097","article-title":"Mast cells and mastocytosis","volume":"112","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2007.01807.x","article-title":"Standards and standardization in mastocytosis: consensus statements on diagnostics, treatment recommendations and response criteria","volume":"37","author":"Valent","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(01)00038-8","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria and classification of mastocytosis: a consensus proposal","volume":"25","author":"Valent","year":"2001","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beha.2005.07.010","article-title":"Pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment advances in mastocytosis","volume":"19","author":"Pardanani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10560","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.23.10560","article-title":"Identification of a point mutation in the catalytic domain of the protooncogene c-kit in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients who have mastocytosis with an associated hematologic disorder","volume":"92","author":"Nagata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-04-015545","article-title":"KIT mutation in mast cells and other bone marrow hematopoietic cell lineages in systemic mast cell disorders: a prospective study of the Spanish Network on Mastocytosis (REMA) in a series of 113 patients","volume":"108","author":"Garcia-Montero","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14665","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14665","article-title":"Oncogenic mutation in the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase alters substrate specificity and induces degradation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1","volume":"93","author":"Piao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2009.37","article-title":"Frequent TET2 mutations in systemic mastocytosis: clinical, KITD816V and FIP1L1-PDGFRA correlates","volume":"23","author":"Tefferi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"3 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15S","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12468942","article-title":"Pediatric mastocytosis","volume":"96","author":"Kettelhut","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(01)00044-3","article-title":"Clinical and histopathological aspects of cutaneous mastocytosis","volume":"25","author":"Wolff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2004.01.002","article-title":"Urticaria pigmentosa","volume":"24","author":"Brockow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1470.2001.01939.x","article-title":"Familial cutaneous mastocytosis","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02648.x","article-title":"Unusual cutaneous findings of urticaria pigmentosa and telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans associated with marked myelofibrosis","volume":"45","author":"Turchin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-59-2-194","article-title":"The mastocytosis syndrome","volume":"59","author":"Demis","year":"1963","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-59-6-887","article-title":"Systemic mast cell disease","volume":"59","author":"Mutter","year":"1963","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3 suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5S","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12468899","article-title":"Systemic mastocytosis: retrospective review of a decade's clinical experience at the Brigham and Women's Hospital","volume":"96","author":"Horan","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(88)80012-X","article-title":"Gastrointestinal dysfunction in systemic mastocytosis: a prospective study","volume":"95","author":"Cherner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198811000-00001","article-title":"Systemic mast cell disease: analysis of 58 cases and literature review","volume":"67","author":"Travis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-008-0166-4","article-title":"Advanced mast cell disease: an Italian Hematological Multicenter experience","volume":"88","author":"Pagano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820301)49:5<927::AID-CNCR2820490517>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Systemic mast cell disease: a clinical and hematopathologic study of 26 cases","volume":"49","author":"Webb","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5727","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-02-205237","article-title":"Systemic mastocytosis in 342 consecutive adults: survival studies and prognostic factors","volume":"113","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90622-4","article-title":"Hepatic involvement in systemic mast cell disease","volume":"80","author":"Yam","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01696.x","article-title":"Cutaneous mastocytosis: demographic aspects and clinical features of 55 patients","volume":"20","author":"Akoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib24","first-page":"535","article-title":"Mastocytosis in children: clinicopathological study based on 35 cases","volume":"22","author":"Kiszewski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.00830.x","article-title":"Cutaneous mastocytosis in children: a clinical analysis of 71 cases","volume":"18","author":"Kiszewski","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib26","first-page":"320","article-title":"Pediatric cutaneous mastocytosis: a review of 180 patients","volume":"7","author":"Ben-Amitai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01569.x","article-title":"Anaphylaxis in patients with mastocytosis: a study on history, clinical features and risk factors in 120 patients","volume":"63","author":"Brockow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib28","first-page":"391","article-title":"Mastocytosis complicating pregnancy","volume":"95","author":"Worobec","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000113520","article-title":"Fatal anaphylactic sting reaction in a patient with mastocytosis","volume":"146","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib30","first-page":"341","article-title":"The dilemma of the negative skin test reactors with a history of venom anaphylaxis: will this always be the case?","volume":"37","author":"Bilo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00984.x","article-title":"Anaphylactoid shock following Hymenoptera sting as a presenting symptom of systemic mastocytosis","volume":"233","author":"Kors","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1159\/000083954","article-title":"Indolent systemic mastocytosis with elevated serum tryptase, absence of skin lesions, and recurrent severe anaphylactoid episodes","volume":"136","author":"Florian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.11.018","article-title":"Clonal mast cell disorders in patients with systemic reactions to Hymenoptera stings and increased serum tryptase levels","volume":"123","author":"Bonadonna","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-028100","article-title":"Demonstration of an aberrant mast-cell population with clonal markers in a subset of patients with \u201cidiopathic\u201d anaphylaxis","volume":"110","author":"Akin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61367-1","article-title":"Anaphylaxis: a review of 601 cases","volume":"97","author":"Webb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118337","article-title":"The alpha form of human tryptase is the predominant type present in blood at baseline in normal subjects and is elevated in those with systemic mastocytosis","volume":"96","author":"Schwartz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1159\/000059404","article-title":"Serum tryptase levels in patients with mastocytosis: correlation with mast cell burden and implication for defining the category of disease","volume":"128","author":"Sperr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2006.05.010","article-title":"Diagnostic value of tryptase in anaphylaxis and mastocytosis","volume":"26","author":"Schwartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-002-0575-z","article-title":"Mastocytosis: current concepts in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"81","author":"Escribano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2007.06708.x","article-title":"Detection of phospho-STAT5 in mast cells: a reliable phenotypic marker of systemic mast cell disease that reflects constitutive tyrosine kinase activation","volume":"139","author":"Zuluaga","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(01)00021-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of mastocytosis: general histopathological aspects, morphological criteria, and immunohistochemical findings","volume":"25","author":"Horny","year":"2001","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02802307","article-title":"Nonspecific histamine-releasing properties of general anesthetic drugs","volume":"9","author":"Marone","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib43","first-page":"108","article-title":"Mast cells and basophils in adverse reactions to drugs used during general anesthesia","volume":"62","author":"Stellato","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chem Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199106000-00016","article-title":"Heterogeneity of human mast cells and basophils in response to muscle relaxants","volume":"74","author":"Stellato","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iac.2006.05.009","article-title":"Treatment of systemic mastocytosis","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin North Am"},{"issue":"9383","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14115-3","article-title":"Imatinib for systemic mast-cell disease","volume":"362","author":"Pardanani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199202273260907","article-title":"Response to interferon alfa-2b in a patient with systemic mastocytosis","volume":"326","author":"Kluin-Nelemans","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4270","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-05-1699","article-title":"Cladribine therapy for systemic mastocytosis","volume":"102","author":"Kluin-Nelemans","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib49","first-page":"94","article-title":"Splenectomy in the management of systemic mast cell disease","volume":"107","author":"Friedman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006_bib50","first-page":"413","article-title":"Persistence of systemic mastocytosis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in spite of complete remission of the associated myelodysplastic syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Ronnov-Jessen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"}],"container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120609000076?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120609000076?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T12:37:18Z","timestamp":1761050238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1081120609000076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1081120609000076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-1206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1081-1206","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of systemic mastocytosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2009.11.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}