{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:26:54Z","timestamp":1761863214019,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annallergy.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,28]],"date-time":"2013-02-28T10:09:50Z","timestamp":1362046190000},"page":"178-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effect of allergic rhinitis on the expression of human \u03b2-defensin 2 in tonsils"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Ik Joon","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chae-Seo","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chul Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.000541","article-title":"Defensins: antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides of mammalian cells","volume":"11","author":"Lehrer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.60.3.1068-1074.1986","article-title":"Direct inactivation of viruses by human granulocyte defensins","volume":"60","author":"Daher","year":"1986","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199308000-00019","article-title":"Defensins inhibit HIV replication in\u00a0vitro","volume":"7","author":"Nakashima","year":"1993","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.1.179","article-title":"Direct cytotoxicity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule proteins to human lung-derived cells and endothelial cells","volume":"141","author":"Okrent","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8279","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M108830200","article-title":"The solution structures of human \u03b2-defensin 3 lead to better understanding of the potent bactericidal activity of HBD-3 against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"277","author":"Schibli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-202x.2001.01401.x","article-title":"Expression of peptide antibiotic human beta defensin-1 and human beta defensin-2 in normal human skin","volume":"117","author":"Ali","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S1357-2725(99)00013-8","article-title":"Human beta defensin-2","volume":"31","author":"Schroder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(80)90044-0","article-title":"Immunology of tonsils and adenoids-an update","volume":"2","author":"Wong","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2003.00180.x","article-title":"Human beta-defensins and toll-like receptors in the upper airway","volume":"58","author":"Claeys","year":"2003","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.3.1833","article-title":"Allergic airway inflammation inhibits pulmonary antibacterial host defense","volume":"177","author":"Beisswenger","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599810389949","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: tonsillectomy in children","volume":"144","author":"Baugh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)36806-7","article-title":"Modern assessment of tonsils and adenoids","volume":"36","author":"Brodsky","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14961","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.25.14961","article-title":"Production of \u03b2-defensin by human airway epithelia","volume":"95","author":"Singh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.22.6.4023","article-title":"Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, but not IL-6, induce human beta-defensin-2 in respiratory epithelia","volume":"22","author":"Harder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9239","article-title":"Identification of human beta-defensin-2 in respiratory tract and plasma and its increase in bacterial pneumonia","volume":"249","author":"Hiratsuka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.4.1131","article-title":"Plasma and BAL fluid concentrations of antimicrobial peptides in patients with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection","volume":"119","author":"Ashittani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib17","first-page":"409","article-title":"A\u00a0newly discovered function of palatine tonsils in immune defense: the expression of defensins","volume":"56","author":"Weise","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Pol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3262","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.6.3262","article-title":"Cytokine milieu of atopic dermatitis, as compared to psoriasis, skin prevents induction of innate immune response genes","volume":"171","author":"Nomura","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021481","article-title":"Endogenous antimicrobial peptides and skin infections in atopic dermatitis","volume":"347","author":"Ong","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38095","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006227200","article-title":"Interleukin-4\/STAT6 represses STAT1 and NF-\u03baB-dependent transcription through distinct mechanisms","volume":"275","author":"Ohmori","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700020","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa- and IL-1 beta-mediated induction of human beta-defensin-2 in keratinocytes is controlled by NF-kappaB and AP-1","volume":"126","author":"Wehkamp","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.316","article-title":"Regulation of human beta-defensin-2 in gingival epithelial cells: the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, but not the NF-kappaB transcription factor family","volume":"168","author":"Krisanaprakornkit","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-10-36","article-title":"The expression of the \u03b2-defensins hBD-2 and hBD-3 is differentially regulated by NF-\u03baB and MAPK\/AP-1 pathways in an in\u00a0vitro model of Candida esophagitis","volume":"10","author":"Steubesand","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-846.x","article-title":"Neutrophils in mucosal secretion are functionally active","volume":"106","author":"Ebenfelt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949710600306","article-title":"Increase in expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA in the nasal mucosa of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis during natural allergen exposure","volume":"106","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1998.00337.x","article-title":"Allergen-induced synthesis of interleukin-5, but not of IgE, is a key mechanism linked to symptomatic episodes of seasonal allergic rhinitis in sensitized individuals","volume":"47","author":"Ohashi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S1808-8694(15)30827-2","article-title":"RT-PCR cytokine study in patients with allergic rhinitis","volume":"75","author":"Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2012.00959.x","article-title":"Reduced tonsillar expression of human \u03b2-defensin 1, 2 and 3 in allergic rhinitis","volume":"65","author":"Bogefors","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.54.2.467-472.1985","article-title":"Direct inactivation of viruses by MCP-1 and MCP-2, natural peptide antibiotics from rabbit leukocytes","volume":"54","author":"Lehrer","year":"1985","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120612010356?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120612010356?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T13:07:20Z","timestamp":1761052040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1081120612010356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1081120612010356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-1206"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1081-1206"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of allergic rhinitis on the expression of human \u03b2-defensin 2 in tonsils","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2012.12.020","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}