{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T20:04:39Z","timestamp":1762718679307,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]],"date-time":"2015-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annallergy.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,2]],"date-time":"2015-03-02T12:38:53Z","timestamp":1425299933000},"page":"187-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Cannabis sativa: the unconventional \u201cweed\u201d allergen"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Thad L.","family":"Ocampo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonya S.","family":"Rans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-013-0419-7","article-title":"Medical consequences of marijuana use: a review of current literature","volume":"15","author":"Gordon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2013.00042","article-title":"Marijuana: current concepts","volume":"1","author":"Greydanus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61037-0","article-title":"Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use","volume":"374","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2011.10.003","article-title":"Blurred boundaries: the therapeutics and politics of medical marijuana","volume":"87","author":"Bostwick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib5","first-page":"612","article-title":"Medical marijuana and related legal aspects","volume":"38","author":"Marcoux","year":"2013","journal-title":"P\u00a0T"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib6","unstructured":"Marijuana Resource Center. State laws related to marijuana. http:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ondcp\/state-laws-related-to-marijuana. Published 2014. Accessed November 1,\u00a02014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1159\/000351068","article-title":"Prevalence of sensitization to Cannabis sativa. Lipid-transfer and thaumatin-like proteins are relevant allergens","volume":"162","author":"Larramendi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib8","first-page":"9","article-title":"Cannabaceae pollen in the atmosphere of Brianza, Northen Italy","volume":"39","author":"Torre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib9","first-page":"73","article-title":"Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis caused by Cannabis sativa pollen","volume":"18","author":"Mayoral","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Investig Allergol Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/WOX.0b013e31826421c8","article-title":"World allergy organization study on aerobiology for creating first pollen and mold calendar with clinical significance in Islamabad, Pakistan: a project of World Allergy Organization and Pakistan Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology Centre of Islamabad","volume":"5","author":"Abbas","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib11","first-page":"829","article-title":"Allergic skin test reactivity to marijuana in the Southwest","volume":"138","author":"Freeman","year":"1983","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib12","first-page":"47","article-title":"Aeropollen of weeds of the western United States Gulf Coast","volume":"67","author":"Lewis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib13","first-page":"245","article-title":"Aeroallergens in clinical practice of allergy in India\u2014ARIA Asia Pacific Workshop report","volume":"26","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62473-8","article-title":"Cannabis (hemp) positive skin tests and respiratory symptoms","volume":"85","author":"Stokes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.1591","article-title":"Anaphylaxis to ingestion of hempseed (Cannabis sativa)","volume":"112","author":"Stadtmauer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.0560h.x","article-title":"Contact urticaria to Cannabis sativa","volume":"54","author":"Majmudar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1159\/000324444","article-title":"IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to cannabis in laboratory personnel","volume":"156","author":"Herzinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-75-4-571","article-title":"Allergy to marihuana","volume":"75","author":"Liskow","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02230.x","article-title":"Cannabis potency and contamination: a review of the literature","volume":"103","author":"McLaren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib20","first-page":"495","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of cannabis and cannabinoids","volume":"109","author":"Grotenhermen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-013-8374-y","article-title":"Marijuana: respiratory tract effects","volume":"46","author":"Owen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2007.01186.x","article-title":"Bullous lung disease due to marijuana","volume":"13","author":"Hii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1586\/ers.11.40","article-title":"Effects of smoking cannabis on lung function","volume":"5","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201212-127FR","article-title":"Effects of marijuana smoking on the lung","volume":"10","author":"Tashkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.3.221","article-title":"Effects of marijuana smoking on pulmonary function and respiratory complications: a systematic review","volume":"167","author":"Tetrault","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1961","article-title":"Association between marijuana exposure and pulmonary function over 20 years","volume":"307","author":"Pletcher","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000026","article-title":"Marijuana and lung diseases","volume":"20","author":"Joshi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2010.09.008","article-title":"Allergic hypersensitivity to cannabis in patients with allergy and illicit drug users","volume":"39","author":"Armentia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1159\/000115887","article-title":"Sensitization and allergy to Cannabis sativa leaves in a population of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)-sensitized patients","volume":"146","author":"de Larramendi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1159\/000346721","article-title":"New food allergies in a European non-Mediterranean region: is Cannabis sativa to blame?","volume":"161","author":"Ebo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.07.052","article-title":"Sensitization to Cannabis sativa caused by a novel allergenic lipid transfer protein, Can s 3","volume":"120","author":"Gamboa","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06270.x","article-title":"Generalized pruritus in a patient sensitized to tobacco and cannabis","volume":"5","author":"Stockli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2012.01.008","article-title":"Hypersensitivity reactions to marijuana","volume":"108","author":"Tessmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04592.x","article-title":"Allergy to marihuana","volume":"51","author":"Anibarro","year":"1996","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.12.1437","article-title":"Severe marijuana allergy controlled with omalizumab","volume":"131","author":"Engler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib36","first-page":"190","article-title":"Hemp pollen sensitivity in Omaha","volume":"25","author":"Maloney","year":"1940","journal-title":"Nebr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05318.x","article-title":"Cannabis-induced erythema multiforme-like recurrent drug eruption","volume":"53","author":"Ozyurt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rojas Perez-Ezquerra P, Sanchez-Morillas L, Davila-Ferandez G, et\u00a0al. Contact urticaria to Cannabis sativa due to a lipid transfer protein (LTP) [published online ahead of print March 20, 2014]. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). PII: S0301\u20130546(14)00022-6; http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aller.2013.10.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2013.10.002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2007.01169.x","article-title":"Work-related contact urticaria to Cannabis sativa","volume":"58","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.4700260109","article-title":"Follow-up study of respiratory function in hemp workers","volume":"26","author":"Zuskin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32835cee9a","article-title":"Long-term respiratory health effects in textile workers","volume":"19","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1991.tb00638.x","article-title":"Bronchial asthma due to Cannabis sativa seed","volume":"46","author":"Vidal","year":"1991","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-6691.124399","article-title":"A\u00a0case of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis exacerbated during Cannabis pollination and subsequently controlled by subcutaneous immunotherapy","volume":"27","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0b013e31828caa0d","article-title":"A\u00a0novel cause of eosinophilic pneumonia: recreational marijuana exposure","volume":"20","author":"Liebling","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bronchol Interv Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Natarajan A, Shah P, Mirrakhimov AE, Hussain N. Eosinophilic pneumonia associated with concomitant cigarette and marijuana smoking [published online ahead of print May 2, 2013]. BMJ Case Rep. PII:bcr2013009001; http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2013-009001.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-009001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21314","article-title":"Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia requiring ECMO in a teenager smoking tobacco and cannabis","volume":"45","author":"Sauvaget","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(83)90067-2","article-title":"Marijuana smoking and fungal sensitization","volume":"71","author":"Kagen","year":"1983","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.22.2869","article-title":"Fungal contamination of tobacco and marijuana","volume":"284","author":"Verweij","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2011005","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2011.005","article-title":"Too many mouldy joints\u2014marijuana and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis","volume":"3","author":"Gargani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.73.6.871","article-title":"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis associated with smoking moldy marihuana","volume":"73","author":"Llamas","year":"1978","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-4679(99)00209-7","article-title":"Allergic reaction associated with intravenous marijuana use","volume":"18","author":"Perez","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.53228","article-title":"A\u00a0study of skin sensitivity to various allergens by skin prick test in patients of nasobronchial allergy","volume":"26","author":"Prasad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib53","first-page":"213","article-title":"Organic aerosols and the development of allergic disorders","volume":"55","author":"Kanceljak-Macan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arh Hig Rada Toksikol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00152-2","article-title":"Identification of Cannabis pollens using an allergic patient\u2019s immunoglobulin E and purification and characterization of allergens in Cannabis pollens","volume":"97","author":"Tanaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2013.04.018","article-title":"Characterization of Cannabis sativa allergens","volume":"111","author":"Nayak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12177","article-title":"Allergy to illicit drugs and narcotics","volume":"44","author":"Swerts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004_bib57","first-page":"72","article-title":"Immunotherapy in hemp workers having respiratory complaints","volume":"34","author":"Gupta","year":"1980","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120615000356?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120615000356?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T13:13:12Z","timestamp":1761052392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1081120615000356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1081120615000356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-1206"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1081-1206"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cannabis sativa: the unconventional \u201cweed\u201d allergen","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2015.01.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}