{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T23:28:42Z","timestamp":1770334122099,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","annallergy.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T15:25:38Z","timestamp":1592234738000},"page":"54-60.e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Spontaneous sputum discriminates inflammatory phenotypes in patients with asthma"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaho","family":"Akimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Sagara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02971.x","article-title":"Pathogenesis of asthma","volume":"38","author":"Holgate","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"10122","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33311-1","volume":"391","author":"Papi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asthma. Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00202013","article-title":"International ERS\/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma","volume":"43","author":"Chung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2014.08.042","article-title":"The prevalence of severe refractory asthma","volume":"135","author":"Hekking","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.05.005","article-title":"The prevalence of severe asthma and low asthma control among Danish adults","volume":"2","author":"von B\u00fclow","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.8372","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of asthma in adults: a review","volume":"318","author":"McCracken","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.47.1.25","article-title":"Use of induced sputum cell counts to investigate airway inflammation in asthma","volume":"47","author":"Pin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"9171","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01813-9","article-title":"Non-eosinophilic corticosteroid unresponsive asthma","volume":"353","author":"Pavord","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-018186","article-title":"Effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in real life on clinical outcomes, sputum cells and systemic inflammation in asthmatics: a retrospective cohort study in a secondary care centre","volume":"7","author":"Demarche","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.08.003","article-title":"Airway inflammation assessed by invasive and noninvasive means in severe asthma: eosinophilic and noneosinophilic phenotypes","volume":"118","author":"Lemi\u00e8re","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.9802048","article-title":"The relationship between airways inflammation and asthma severity","volume":"161","author":"Louis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.07.036","article-title":"Measures of gene expression in sputum cells can identify TH2-high and TH2-low subtypes of asthma","volume":"133","author":"Peters","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200310-1416OC","article-title":"Increased interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interferon-gamma in airway CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in atopic asthma","volume":"171","author":"Cho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00012415","article-title":"Biomarkers to identify sputum eosinophilia in different adult asthma phenotypes","volume":"46","author":"Westerhof","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804092","article-title":"Dupilumab efficacy and safety in moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma","volume":"378","author":"Castro","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2007.02850.x","article-title":"Can hypertonic saline inhalation influence preformed chemokine and mediator release in induced sputum of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients? Comparison with isotonic saline","volume":"37","author":"Cianchetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.4.8887576","article-title":"Spontaneous and induced sputum to measure indices of airway inflammation in asthma","volume":"154","author":"Pizzichini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.11.953","article-title":"Comparison of spontaneous and induced sputum for investigation of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"53","author":"Bhowmik","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib19","series-title":"Global strategy for asthma management and prevention (2018 update)","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.12.009","article-title":"Changes in sputum composition during 15 min of sputum induction in healthy subjects and patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"101","author":"Toungoussova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2448","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09122448","article-title":"Comparison of two methods of collecting induced sputum in asthmatic subjects","volume":"9","author":"Gershman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resinv.2014.03.003","article-title":"Reference values for spirometry, including vital capacity, in Japanese adults calculated with the LMS method and compared with previous values","volume":"52","author":"Kubota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.9120-11ST","article-title":"An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications","volume":"184","author":"Dweik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.02.008","article-title":"Analyses of asthma severity phenotypes and inflammatory proteins in subjects stratified by sputum granulocytes","volume":"125","author":"Hastie","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13184","article-title":"Clinical, functional and inflammatory characteristics in patients with paucigranulocytic stable asthma: comparison with different sputum phenotypes","volume":"72","author":"Ntontsi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-016-0208-2","article-title":"Detailed analysis of sputum and systemic inflammation in asthma phenotypes: are paucigranulocytic asthmatics really non-inflammatory?","volume":"16","author":"Demarche","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00201813","article-title":"Importance of concomitant local and systemic eosinophilia in uncontrolled asthma","volume":"44","author":"Schleich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.01.044","article-title":"Simultaneously increased fraction of exhaled nitric oxide levels and blood eosinophil counts relate to increased asthma morbidity","volume":"138","author":"Malinovschi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.10.011","article-title":"Sputum neutrophil counts are associated with more severe asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis","volume":"133","author":"Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12762","article-title":"Exacerbation risk in severe asthma is stratified by inflammatory phenotype using longitudinal measures of sputum eosinophils","volume":"46","author":"Walsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.11.032","article-title":"Omalizumab effectiveness in asthma-COPD overlap: post hoc analysis of PROSPERO","volume":"143","author":"Hanania","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.04.043","article-title":"Omalizumab effectiveness by biomarker status in patients with asthma: evidence from PROSPERO, a prospective real-world study","volume":"7","author":"Casale","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00043104a","article-title":"Effect of saliva contamination on induced sputum cell counts, IL-8 and eosinophil cationic protein levels","volume":"23","author":"Simpson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0248-7","article-title":"Association between fractional exhaled nitric oxide, sputum induction and peripheral blood eosinophil in uncontrolled asthma","volume":"14","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.06.007","article-title":"Exhaled nitric oxide levels and blood eosinophil counts independently associate with wheeze and asthma events in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey subjects","volume":"132","author":"Malinovschi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"9842","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60988-X","article-title":"Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"380","author":"Pavord","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.10.005","article-title":"Biomarkers for severe eosinophilic asthma","volume":"140","author":"Yancey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.19627","article-title":"Reevaluation of diagnosis in adults with physician-diagnosed asthma","volume":"317","author":"Aaron","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201804-0682CI","article-title":"Underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis of asthma","volume":"198","author":"Aaron","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma &amp; Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120620304129?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120620304129?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T15:31:08Z","timestamp":1731166268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1081120620304129"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1081120620304129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-1206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1081-1206","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spontaneous sputum discriminates inflammatory phenotypes in patients with asthma","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2020.06.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}