{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:33:40Z","timestamp":1786984420717,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca PLC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annallergy.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T15:17:05Z","timestamp":1755098225000},"page":"160-167.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adherence to inhaled corticosteroid medications after an asthma exacerbation and the risk of subsequent exacerbations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Mina","family":"Khezrian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjan","family":"Kerkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tham T.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianshi David","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bill","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonatan","family":"Hedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Zubizarreta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Enxing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trung N.","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03200","article-title":"Asthma and adherence to inhaled corticosteroids: current status and future perspectives","volume":"60","author":"B\u00e5rnes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0002","article-title":"Interventions to improve adherence to inhaled steroids for asthma","volume":"4","author":"Normansell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2020.02.010","article-title":"Association between adherence and severe asthma exacerbation: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Chongmelaxme","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00075614","article-title":"Medication adherence and the risk of severe asthma exacerbations: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Engelkes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.10.014","article-title":"Effect of an asthma exacerbation on medication adherence","volume":"11","author":"Cvietusa","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2021.1971702","article-title":"Adherence with controller medication in adults with asthma - impact of hospital admission for acute exacerbation","volume":"59","author":"Staehr Holm","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jom.0000229819.26852.0e","article-title":"Healthcare and workloss costs associated with patients with persistent asthma in a privately insured population","volume":"48","author":"Colice","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.11.029","article-title":"Demographic predictors of leukotriene antagonist monotherapy among children with persistent asthma","volume":"164","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2021.88792","article-title":"A comparison of administrative claims-based risk predictors for pediatric asthma","volume":"27","author":"Andrews","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200801-060ST","article-title":"An official American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society statement: asthma control and exacerbations: standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice","volume":"180","author":"Reddel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2014.06.005","article-title":"High blood eosinophil count is a risk factor for future asthma exacerbations in adult persistent asthma","volume":"2","author":"Zeiger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.06.008","article-title":"Elevated exhaled nitric oxide is a clinical indicator of future uncontrolled asthma in asthmatic patients on inhaled corticosteroids","volume":"128","author":"Zeiger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0013","unstructured":"Pharmacy Quality Alliance. PQA measures overview. Accessed August 6, 2024. Available at: https:\/\/www.pqaalliance.org\/assets\/Measures\/PQA_Measures_Overview.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-021-00385-w","article-title":"Estimating proportion of days covered (PDC) using real-world online medicine suppliers\u2019 datasets","volume":"14","author":"Prieto-Merino","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pharm Policy Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S333534","article-title":"Measuring medication adherence in a population-based asthma administrative pharmacy database: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Asamoah-Boaheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/jac5.1771","article-title":"Research and scholarly methods: measuring medication adherence","volume":"6","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Coll Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4427","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.15391","article-title":"Towards better reporting of the proportion of days covered method in cardiovascular medication adherence: a scoping review and new tool TEN-SPIDERS","volume":"88","author":"Dalli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-013-9865-x","article-title":"Assessing medication adherence: options to consider","volume":"36","author":"Lehmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4334","article-title":"The myths of medication adherence","volume":"26","author":"Gellad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2016.07.007","article-title":"Evaluation of asthma medication adherence rates and strategies to improve adherence in the underserved population at a Federally Qualified Health Center","volume":"13","author":"Bidwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Soc Admin Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2018.03.024","article-title":"Barriers to medication adherence in asthma: the importance of culture and context","volume":"121","author":"McQuaid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-017-4199-3","article-title":"Cultural issues in medication adherence: disparities and directions","volume":"33","author":"McQuaid","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0023","article-title":"Adherence to corticosteroids and clinical outcomes in mepolizumab therapy for severe asthma","volume":"55","author":"d\u2019Ancona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0024","first-page":"1854","article-title":"Effects of adherence to once-daily treatment on lung function, bronchial hyperreactivity and health outcomes in adolescents with mild-to-moderate asthmoka: a twelve-month survey","volume":"9","author":"Dal Negro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02585-z","article-title":"Assessing the effects of changing patterns of inhaled corticosteroid dosing and adherence with fluticasone furoate and budesonide on asthma management","volume":"40","author":"Daley-Yates","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.09.011","article-title":"Quantifying the proportion of severe asthma exacerbations attributable to inhaled corticosteroid nonadherence","volume":"128","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2003.178","article-title":"Inhaled corticosteroids and allergy specialty care reduce emergency hospital use for asthma","volume":"111","author":"Schatz","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008033430504","article-title":"Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids and the prevention of death from asthma","volume":"343","author":"Suissa","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.02.047","article-title":"Short-acting beta-2-agonist exposure and severe asthma exacerbations: SABINA findings from Europe and North America","volume":"10","author":"Quint","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2023.06.018","article-title":"Patterns of rescue and maintenance therapy claims surrounding a clinical encounter for an asthma exacerbation","volume":"131","author":"Lanz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1340255","article-title":"Impact of treatment adherence and inhalation technique on asthma outcomes of pediatric patients: a longitudinal study","volume":"15","author":"Lizano-Barrantes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2018.03.008","article-title":"Relationship of inhaled corticosteroid adherence to asthma exacerbations in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma","volume":"6","author":"Papi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17508560","article-title":"High or standard initial dose of budesonide to control mild-to-moderate asthma?","volume":"17","author":"Chanez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0034","first-page":"16","article-title":"Clinical dose-response relationship of fluticasone propionate in adults with asthma","volume":"59","author":"Masoli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.2000.16b08.x","article-title":"Optimal asthma control, starting with high doses of inhaled budesonide","volume":"16","author":"Reddel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2007.03.009","article-title":"Stress and inflammation in exacerbations of asthma","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.2.9811100","article-title":"Exacerbations of asthma: a descriptive study of 425 severe exacerbations","volume":"160","author":"Tattersfield","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.05.017","article-title":"Allergy and asthma: effects of the exposure to particulate matter and biological allergens","volume":"109","author":"Baldacci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.153643","article-title":"Diagnosis and definition of severe refractory asthma: an international consensus statement from the Innovative Medicine Initiative (IMI)","volume":"66","author":"Bel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-018-8712-1","article-title":"Understanding asthma phenotypes, endotypes, and mechanisms of disease","volume":"56","author":"Kuruvilla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S470975","article-title":"Patterns of rescue and maintenance medication claims surrounding an asthma exacerbation in patients treated as intermittent or mild persistent asthma","volume":"17","author":"Lanz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203163","article-title":"Albuterol-budesonide fixed-dose combination rescue inhaler for asthma","volume":"386","author":"Papi","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007_bib0043","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Accessed August 6, 2024. Available at: https:\/\/ginasthma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/GINA-2024-Strategy-Report-24_05_22_WMS.pdf"}],"container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120625004168?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120625004168?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:42:10Z","timestamp":1773387730000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1081120625004168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1081120625004168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-1206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1081-1206","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adherence to inhaled corticosteroid medications after an asthma exacerbation and the risk of subsequent exacerbations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2025.08.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}