{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T08:34:58Z","timestamp":1782549298833,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014452","name":"College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014452","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017094","name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008102","name":"University of Cincinnati","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annallergy.org","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T05:13:15Z","timestamp":1763701995000},"page":"315-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Utility of quantifying mast cells in gastrointestinal biopsies in patients with suspected mast cell activation disorder"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Rachel","family":"Odin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3624-5435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nives","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0256-8","article-title":"Burden of gastrointestinal symptoms in the United States: results of a nationally representative survey of over 71,000 Americans","volume":"113","author":"Almario","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmu036","article-title":"Studies of the symptom abdominal pain\u2013a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Viniol","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0003","first-page":"71","article-title":"The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Canavan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2021.42.210012","article-title":"Mast cell activation syndrome: myths and realities","volume":"42","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.05.007","article-title":"Global classification of mast cell activation disorders: an ICD-10-CM-adjusted proposal of the ECNM-AIM consortium","volume":"10","author":"Valent","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-997-0024-7","article-title":"Management of diarrhoeic type of irritable bowel syndrome with exclusion diet and disodium cromoglycate","volume":"5","author":"Leri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001737","article-title":"Clinical efficacy and safety of ketotifen in treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.12.034","article-title":"Histamine receptor-mediated sensitization of TRPV1 mediates visceral hypersensitivity and symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"150","author":"Wouters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0009","first-page":"55","article-title":"Oral disodium cromoglycate treatment on irritable bowel syndrome: an open study on 101 subjects with diarrheic type","volume":"87","author":"Stefanini","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.5858\/2006-130-362-MEIMMC","article-title":"Mastocytic enterocolitis: increased mucosal mast cells in chronic intractable diarrhea","volume":"130","author":"Jakate","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2005.00685.x","article-title":"Functional gastrointestinal disorders and mast cells: implications for therapy","volume":"18","author":"Barbara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/950582","article-title":"Allergic mastocytic gastroenteritis and colitis: an unexplained etiology in chronic abdominal pain and gastrointestinal dysmotility","volume":"2012","author":"Akhavein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13192","article-title":"Colonic immune cells in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Bashashati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000190","article-title":"A clinicopathologic study of 24 cases of systemic mastocytosis involving the gastrointestinal tract and assessment of mucosal mast cell density in irritable bowel syndrome and asymptomatic patients","volume":"38","author":"Doyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2013-0594-OA","article-title":"Performing colonic mast cell counts in patients with chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology has limited diagnostic use","volume":"139","author":"Sethi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1159\/000490490","article-title":"Mastocytic enterocolits and the role of mast cells in functional and inflammatory intestinal disorders: a systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Capannolo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dig Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.06.030","article-title":"Developing a standardized approach for assessing mast cells and eosinophils on tissue biopsies: a Work Group Report of the AAAAI Allergic Skin Diseases Committee","volume":"148","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2023.10.045","article-title":"Standardized quantification of mast cells in the gastrointestinal tract in adults","volume":"12","author":"Iding","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1833-9226","article-title":"Evaluation of a tryptase depletion index for better pathologic identification of mast cell activation syndrome","volume":"61","author":"Zienkiewicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Z Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26S","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12468966","article-title":"Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characterization of normal mast cells at multiple body sites","volume":"96","author":"Weidner","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pai.0000173054.83414.22","article-title":"KIT (CD117): a review on expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, and mutations and their clinicopathologic correlation","volume":"13","author":"Miettinen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2022.100005","article-title":"What is the value of counting mast cells in gastrointestinal mucosal biopsies?","volume":"36","author":"Panarelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001676","article-title":"Distinct small intestine mast cell histologic changes in patients with hereditary alpha-tryptasemia and mast cell activation syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Hamilton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(88)90225-4","article-title":"Comparison of human lung and intestinal mast cells","volume":"81","author":"Fox","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03102.x","article-title":"Inhibition profiles of sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium on mediator release from mast cells of human skin, lung, tonsil, adenoid and intestine","volume":"22","author":"Okayama","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"1)(suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.87.1.68S","article-title":"Cromolyn sodium","volume":"87","author":"Bernstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(85)90658-X","article-title":"Cromolyn sodium in the treatment of asthma: coming of age in the United States","volume":"76","author":"Bernstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(72)90017-6","article-title":"A controlled study of cromolyn sodium sponsored by the Drug Committee of the American Academy of Allergy","volume":"50","author":"Bernstein","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(89)90104-8","article-title":"Effect of cetirizine on mast cell-mediator release and cellular traffic during the cutaneous late-phase reaction","volume":"83","author":"Charlesworth","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2022.01067","article-title":"Cetirizine more potently exerts mast cell-stabilizing property than diphenhydramine","volume":"16","author":"Fujimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Discov Ther"}],"container-title":["Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120625013511?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1081120625013511?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T10:39:03Z","timestamp":1773916743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1081120625013511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1081120625013511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-1206"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1081-1206","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Utility of quantifying mast cells in gastrointestinal biopsies in patients with suspected mast cell activation disorder","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anai.2025.11.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}