{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T12:35:18Z","timestamp":1755693318819},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]],"date-time":"2016-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["anesthesiology.theclinics.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anesthesiology Clinics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,3]],"date-time":"2016-11-03T07:15:50Z","timestamp":1478157350000},"page":"797-808","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Anesthesia for Patients with Concomitant Hepatic and Pulmonary Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Geraldine C.","family":"Diaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Renz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib1","series-title":"Liver anesthesiology and critical care medicine","first-page":"255","article-title":"Pulmonary complications of liver disease","author":"Mandell","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(05)80057-9","article-title":"Pulmonary dysfunction in advanced liver disease: frequent occurrence of an abnormal diffusing capacity","volume":"90","author":"Hourani","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02467.x","article-title":"Gas exchanges and pulmonary vascular abnormalities at different stages of chronic liver disease","volume":"31","author":"Scarlata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.33746","article-title":"Pulmonary gas exchange abnormalities in liver transplant candidates","volume":"8","author":"Mohamed","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70298-7","article-title":"Mechanisms of gas exchange impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"17","author":"Agusti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-007-0100-2","article-title":"The relationship between severity of liver cirrhosis and pulmonary function tests","volume":"53","author":"Yigit","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106899","article-title":"Failure of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"51","author":"Daoud","year":"1972","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0707185","article-title":"Hepatopulmonary syndrome - a liver-induced lung vascular disorder","volume":"358","author":"Rodriguez-Roisin","year":"2008","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711430106","article-title":"Histometrical investigation of the pulmonary artery in severe hepatic disease","volume":"143","author":"Matsubara","year":"1984","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.04.074","article-title":"Characteristics and prevalence of intrapulmonary shunt detected by contrast echocardiography with harmonic imaging in liver transplant candidates","volume":"94","author":"Jin-Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960280910","article-title":"Clinical predictors and characteristics of patients with chronic liver disease and intrapulmonary shunts","volume":"28","author":"Santa-Cruz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/01.crd.0000173188.52195.7a","article-title":"Prevalence and prognosis of intrapulmonary shunts in patients with hepatic cirrhosis","volume":"14","author":"Langiulli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62438-0","article-title":"Severe hypoxemia associated with liver disease: Mayo Clinic experience and the experimental use of almitrine bismesylate","volume":"62","author":"Krowka","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196602102740601","article-title":"Arterial changes in the lungs in cirrhosis of the liver","volume":"274","author":"Berthelot","year":"1966","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20658","article-title":"Natural history of hepatopulmonary syndrome: impact of liver transplantation","volume":"41","author":"Swanson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12713","article-title":"Prevalence and severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome and its influence on survival in cirrhotic patients evaluated for liver transplantation","volume":"14","author":"Pascasio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.6.853","article-title":"Hepatopulmonary syndrome: prevalence and predictive value of various cut offs for arterial oxygenation and their clinical consequences","volume":"51","author":"Schenk","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.5.1165","article-title":"Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations (IPVD) in liver transplant candidates: screening by two-dimensional contrast-enhanced echocardiography","volume":"97","author":"Krowka","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00010904","article-title":"Pulmonary-hepatic vascular disorders (PHD)","volume":"24","author":"Rodriguez-Roisin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26745","article-title":"Pulmonary complications in chronic liver disease","volume":"59","author":"Machicao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2002.32252","article-title":"Utility of pulse oximetry in the detection of arterial hypoxemia in liver transplant candidates","volume":"8","author":"Abrams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1675-1","article-title":"Hepatopulmonary syndrome: monitoring at your fingertip","volume":"56","author":"Krowka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.12.003","article-title":"Utility of pulse oximetry screening for hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Arguedas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1600-7","article-title":"Serial pulse oximetry in hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"56","author":"Kochar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20358","article-title":"Gas exchange mechanism of orthodeoxia in hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Gomez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022549018807","article-title":"Hepatopulmonary syndrome in noncirrhotic portal hypertensive patients","volume":"48","author":"Kaymakoglu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.04.014","article-title":"Hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with hypoxic hepatitis","volume":"131","author":"Fuhrmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02822.x","article-title":"Improved survival after liver transplantation in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib29","unstructured":"Available at: UNOS.org. Accessed January 2, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-5-199809010-00005","article-title":"Exhaled nitric oxide and impaired oxygenation in cirrhosis patients before and after liver transplantation","volume":"129","author":"Rolla","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9247483","article-title":"The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the pathogenesis of a rat model of hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"113","author":"Fallon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00385.2001","article-title":"Regulation of heme oxygenase-1 by nitric oxide during hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"283","author":"Carter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.12.001","article-title":"Pulmonary angiogenesis in a rat model of hepatopulmonary syndrome","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0b013e328365bb6f","article-title":"Hepatopulmonary syndrome: the anaesthetic considerations","volume":"30","author":"Fauconnet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22275","article-title":"Clinical risk factors for portopulmonary hypertension","volume":"48","author":"Kawut","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21431","article-title":"Portopulmonary hypertension: results from a 10-year screening algorithm","volume":"44","author":"Krowka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.20975","article-title":"Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) exception for portopulmonary hypertension","volume":"12","author":"Krowka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Liver Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L1","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00031.2013","article-title":"The role of disturbed blood flow in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension: lessons from preclinical animal models","volume":"305","author":"Dickinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.562","article-title":"Portopulmonary hypertension: a tale of two circulations","volume":"123","author":"Budhiraja","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12791","article-title":"Hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension: recent knowledge in pathogenesis and overview of clinical assessment","volume":"35","author":"Raevens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0b013e32833725c4","article-title":"Portopulmonary hypertension and right heart failure in patients with cirrhosis","volume":"23","author":"Ramsay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201108-1428CI","article-title":"A\u00a0review of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency","volume":"185","author":"Stoller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib43","first-page":"934","article-title":"The electrophoretic alpha-1 globulin pattern of serum in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency","volume":"73","author":"Laurell","year":"1963","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib44","first-page":"934","article-title":"Cirrhosis associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a previously unrecognized inherited disorder","volume":"73","author":"Sharp","year":"1969","journal-title":"J\u00a0Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib45","first-page":"184","article-title":"PI S and PI Z alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency worldwide: a review of existing genetic epidemiological data","volume":"67","author":"De Serres","year":"2007","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.4.1989","article-title":"Delay in diagnosis of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a continuing problem","volume":"128","author":"Stoller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2015.21.3.200","article-title":"Personalized management of cirrhosis by non-invasive tests of liver fibrosis","volume":"21","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Mol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181b845d0","article-title":"Perioperative management of the adult with cystic fibrosis","volume":"109","author":"Huffmyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.5.1321","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension and cardiac function in adult cystic fibrosis: role of hypoxemia","volume":"115","author":"Fraser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199409083311003","article-title":"Effects of aerosolized recombinant human DNase on exacerbations of respiratory symptoms and on pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"331","author":"Fuchs","year":"1994","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2165\/00151829-200504040-00004","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory medications for cystic fibrosis lung disease: selecting the most appropriate agent","volume":"4","author":"Chmiel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Treat Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199900001-00001","article-title":"Recommendations for management of liver and biliary tract disease in cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Hepatobiliary Disease Consensus Group","volume":"28","author":"Sokol","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"}],"container-title":["Anesthesiology Clinics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1932227516300398?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1932227516300398?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,7]],"date-time":"2018-09-07T01:22:30Z","timestamp":1536283350000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1932227516300398"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1932227516300398"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-2275"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-2275","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anesthesia for Patients with Concomitant Hepatic and Pulmonary Dysfunction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Anesthesiology Clinics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}