{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T11:38:41Z","timestamp":1778067521151,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["animal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T02:47:08Z","timestamp":1674182828000},"page":"100714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Dietary tryptophan supplementation enhances mitochondrial function and reduces pyroptosis in the spleen and thymus of piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2385-7528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guangmang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weixiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0334-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skx062","article-title":"Weaning disrupts intestinal antioxidant status, impairs intestinal barrier and mitochondrial function, and triggers mitophagy in piglets","volume":"96","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1039\/C5FO01194A","article-title":"Dietary arginine and N-carbamylglutamate supplementation enhances the antioxidant statuses of the liver and plasma against oxidative stress in rats","volume":"7","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food & Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230600867743","article-title":"Normal structure, function, and histology of the spleen","volume":"34","author":"Cesta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicologic Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0020","series-title":"Oxidative stress and biomaterials","first-page":"35","article-title":"Oxidative stress, inflammation, and disease","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451900309X","article-title":"Arginine promotes porcine type I muscle fibres formation through improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis","volume":"123","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"The British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2020.1735405","article-title":"Effects of apple polyphenols on myofiber-type transformation in longissimus dorsi muscle of finishing pigs","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1039\/C7FO00127D","article-title":"Ursolic acid induces mitochondrial biogenesis through the activation of AMPK and PGC-1 in C2C12 myotubes: a possible mechanism underlying its beneficial effect on exercise endurance","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food & Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052621","article-title":"5-Hydroxytryptamine modulates maturation and mitochondria function of human oligodendrocyte progenitor M03\u201313 cells","volume":"22","author":"Damiano","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.1907-1916.2005","article-title":"Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis: mechanistic description of dead and dying eukaryotic cells","volume":"73","author":"Fink","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8787","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01075A","article-title":"Tryptophan improves porcine intestinal epithelial cell restitution through the CaSR\/Rac1\/PLC-\u03b31 signaling pathway","volume":"12","author":"Gu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food & Function"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.01.019","article-title":"L-Tryptophan exhibits therapeutic function in a porcine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.55.01.06.db05-0943","article-title":"Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase reduces hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells","volume":"55","author":"Kukidome","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6422","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.9.6422","article-title":"5-hydroxytryptamine induces mast cell adhesion and migration","volume":"177","author":"Kushnir-Sukhov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.11.013","article-title":"Resveratrol improves mitochondrial function and protects against metabolic disease by activating SIRT1 and PGC-1\u03b1","volume":"127","author":"Lagouge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10268","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 promotes cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis","volume":"106","author":"Lehman","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00181.x","article-title":"Melatonin mitigates mitochondrial malfunction","volume":"38","author":"Le\u00d3n","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Pineal Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01736","article-title":"Dietary L-Tryptophan Modulates the Structural and Functional Composition of the Intestinal Microbiome in Weaned Piglets","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0090","article-title":"Tryptophan ameliorates barrier integrity and alleviates the inflammatory response to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli K88 Through the CaSR\/Rac1\/PLC-\u03b31 Signaling Pathway in porcine intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0095","article-title":"Tryptophan supplementation enhances intestinal health by improving gut barrier function, alleviating inflammation, and modulating intestinal microbiome in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050872","article-title":"Dietary Tryptophan Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Status and Alleviates Inflammation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Apoptosis, and Pyroptosis in the Intestine of Piglets after Lipopolysaccharide Challenge","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18629","article-title":"Inflammasome-activated gasdermin D causes pyroptosis by forming membrane pores","volume":"535","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9050266","article-title":"L-tryptophan enhances intestinal integrity in diquat-challenged piglets associated with improvement of redox status and mitochondrial function","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-5-49","article-title":"The effect of dietary tryptophan levels on oxidative stress of liver induced by diquat in weaned piglets","volume":"5","author":"Mao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.09.129","article-title":"5-Hydroxytryptamine augments migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells through activation of RhoA and ERK","volume":"337","author":"Matsusaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.02.004","article-title":"Effect of dietary tryptophan to lysine ratio on growth of young pigs fed wheat\u2013barley or corn based diets","volume":"163","author":"Naatjes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2014.89","article-title":"NADPH oxidases: an overview from structure to innate immunity-associated pathologies","volume":"12","author":"Panday","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cellular & Molecular Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230600865549","article-title":"Normal structure, function, and histology of the thymus","volume":"34","author":"Pearse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Toxicologic Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2015.10.001","article-title":"Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis through TFAM\u2013mitochondrial DNA interactions: useful insights from aging and calorie restriction studies","volume":"25","author":"Picca","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.04.003","article-title":"SIRT1 is required for AMPK activation and the beneficial effects of resveratrol on mitochondrial function","volume":"15","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15514","article-title":"Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death","volume":"526","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2010.117","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids induced autophagy serves as an adaptive strategy for retarding mitochondria-mediated apoptotic cell death","volume":"18","author":"Tang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Death & Differentiation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0394-x","article-title":"Effects of dietary tributyrin on intestinal mucosa development, mitochondrial function and AMPK-mTOR pathway in weaned pigs","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1093\/jmcb\/mjz020","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS promote macrophage pyroptosis by inducing GSDMD oxidation","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451800003X","article-title":"Medium-chain TAG improve intestinal integrity by suppressing toll-like receptor 4, nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain proteins and necroptosis signalling in weanling piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide","volume":"119","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"British Journal of Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714_b0175","first-page":"286","article-title":"Tryptophan metabolism in animals: important roles in nutrition and health","volume":"3","author":"Yao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition)"}],"container-title":["animal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751731123000101?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751731123000101?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:47:31Z","timestamp":1761695251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751731123000101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1751731123000101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-7311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-7311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dietary tryptophan supplementation enhances mitochondrial function and reduces pyroptosis in the spleen and thymus of piglets after lipopolysaccharide challenge","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"animal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100714","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Animal Consortium.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100714"}}