{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T05:08:13Z","timestamp":1794028093186,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1274321N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1274321N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["animal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T21:31:04Z","timestamp":1676064664000},"page":"100730","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Improved cattle behaviour monitoring by combining Ultra-Wideband location and accelerometer data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7962-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Benaissa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1348-218X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.A.M.","family":"Tuyttens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-5076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Plets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Vandaele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8807-0673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W.","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Sonck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2020.07.019","article-title":"Image analysis for individual identification and feeding behaviour monitoring of dairy cows based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN)","volume":"198","author":"Achour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosystems Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6310","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-12172","article-title":"Use of novel sensors combining local positioning and acceleration to measure feeding behavior differences associated with lameness in dairy cattle","volume":"101","author":"Barker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2018.12.003","article-title":"Classification of ingestive-related cow behaviours using RumiWatch halter and neck-mounted accelerometers","volume":"211","author":"Benaissa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.10.005","article-title":"On the use of on-cow accelerometers for the classification of behaviours in dairy barns","volume":"125","author":"Benaissa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2527\/af.2017.0102","article-title":"General introduction to precision livestock farming","volume":"7","author":"Berckmans","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal Frontiers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0030","first-page":"3841","article-title":"Monitoring of Cow Location in a Barn by an Open-Source, Low-Cost","volume":"20","author":"Bloch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Low-Energy Bluetooth Tag System. Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2015.11.016","article-title":"The social network structure of a dynamic group of dairy cows: From individual to group level patterns","volume":"174","author":"Boyland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3390\/e24030336","article-title":"Analysis of Accelerometer and GPS Data for Cattle Behaviour Identification and Anomalous Events Detection","volume":"24","author":"Cabezas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.3168\/jdsc.2020-0050","article-title":"Use of a real-time location system to detect cows in distinct functional areas within a barn","volume":"2","author":"Chapa","year":"2021","journal-title":"JDS Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-8925","article-title":"Technical note: Validation of a system for monitoring individual feeding behavior and individual feed intake in dairy cattle","volume":"98","author":"Chizzotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0055","article-title":"Monitoring and classification of cattle behavior: a survey","volume":"3","author":"Da Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Smart Agricultural Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.003","article-title":"A practical approach to Bland-Altman plots and variation coefficients for log transformed variables","volume":"61","author":"Euser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0065","first-page":"27","article-title":"Validation of the TrackLab positioning system in a cow barn environment","volume":"2014","author":"Frondelius","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of Measuring Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2015.015","article-title":"Understanding Bland Altman analysis","volume":"25","author":"Giavarina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochemia Medica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2009.11.011","article-title":"Measuring sociability in dairy cows","volume":"122","author":"Gibbons","year":"2010","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5772","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3436","article-title":"Time budgets of lactating dairy cattle in commercial freestall herds","volume":"93","author":"Gomez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2006.12.004","article-title":"Accuracy and validation of a radar-based automatic local position measurement system for tracking dairy cows in free-stall barns","volume":"56","author":"Gygax","year":"2007","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2018.10.012","article-title":"Relationships between feeding behaviour, activity, dominance and feed efficiency in finishing beef steers","volume":"210","author":"Haskell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2021.106241","article-title":"Deep learning-based cattle behaviour classification using joint time-frequency data representation","volume":"187","author":"Hosseininoorbin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2006.11.013","article-title":"Evaluation of Instrumentation for Cow Positioning and Tracking Indoors","volume":"96","author":"Huhtala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biosystems Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0105","series-title":"Advances in cattle welfare","first-page":"123","article-title":"The role of social behavior in cattle welfare","author":"Jensen","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3390\/dairy2040053","article-title":"Association of Feed Efficiency, Feeding Rate, and Behaviour with the Milk Performance of Dairy Cows","volume":"2","author":"Krpalkova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dairy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2022.105721","article-title":"Changes in the behaviour before normal calving to predict its onset in Mediterranean buffaloes heifers","volume":"254","author":"Lanzoni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118550","article-title":"CowXNet: An automated cow estrus detection system","volume":"211","author":"Lodkaew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","article-title":"Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement","volume":"327","author":"Martin Bland","year":"1986","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-017-4734-x","article-title":"Precise Indoor Positioning Using UWB: A Review of Methods, Algorithms and Implementations","volume":"97","author":"Mazhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wireless Personal Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture11070675","article-title":"Detecting Dairy Cow Behavior Using Vision Technology","volume":"11","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2015.08.028","article-title":"Sound analysis in dairy cattle vocalisation as a potential welfare monitor","volume":"118","author":"Meen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2021.106280","article-title":"Validation of a real-time location system for zone assignment and neighbor detection in dairy cow groups","volume":"187","author":"Melzer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2017.08.019","article-title":"Image analysis to refine measurements of dairy cow behaviour from a real-time location system","volume":"173","author":"Meunier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosystems Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4050","DOI":"10.3390\/s21124050","article-title":"Classification of Cattle Behaviours Using Neck-Mounted Accelerometer-Equipped Collars and Convolutional Neural Networks","volume":"21","author":"Pavlovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2014.08.001","article-title":"Localisation and identification performances of a real-time location system based on ultra wide band technology for monitoring and tracking dairy cow behaviour in a semi-open free-stall barn","volume":"108","author":"Porto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0165","unstructured":"Pozyx, 2022. Datasheet: Wearable Tracking Tag. Retrieved on 15 November 2022, from https:\/\/www.pozyx.io\/products\/hardware\/tags\/wearable-tracking-tag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2013-7274","article-title":"Dairy cows seek isolation at calving and when ill","volume":"97","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153282","article-title":"Evaluating the Implications of Varying Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Transmission Power Levels on Wireless Indoor Localization Accuracy and Precision","volume":"19","author":"Qureshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4741","DOI":"10.3390\/s20174741","article-title":"Use of Predicted Behavior from Accelerometer Data Combined with GPS Data to Explore the Relationship between Dairy Cow Behavior and Pasture Characteristics","volume":"20","author":"Riaboff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2021.105383","article-title":"Identification of discriminating behavioural and movement variables in lameness scores of dairy cows at pasture from accelerometer and GPS sensors using a Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis","volume":"193","author":"Riaboff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2021.106610","article-title":"Predicting livestock behaviour using accelerometers: A systematic review of processing techniques for ruminant behaviour prediction from raw accelerometer data","volume":"192","author":"Riaboff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2015.11.005","article-title":"Validation of a pressure sensor-based system for measuring eating, rumination and drinking behaviour of dairy cattle","volume":"174","author":"Ruuska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2021.100432","article-title":"A machine vision system to predict individual cow feed intake of different feeds in a cowshed","volume":"16","author":"Saar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4544","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-5064","article-title":"Relationships between rumination time, metabolic conditions, and health status in dairy cows during the transition period1","volume":"90","author":"Soriani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12152006","article-title":"Accuracy to Predict the Onset of Calving in Dairy Farms by Using Different Precision Livestock Farming Devices","volume":"12","author":"Szenci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2010.03.006","article-title":"Wireless indoor tracking network based on Kalman filters with an application to monitoring dairy cows","volume":"72","author":"T\u00f8gersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2020.03.013","article-title":"Assessment of dairy cow heat stress by monitoring drinking behaviour using an embedded imaging system","volume":"199","author":"Tsai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosystems Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2020.104334","article-title":"Precision dairy monitoring technologies use in disease detection: Differences in behavioral and physiological variables measured with precision dairy monitoring technologies between cows with or without metritis, hyperketonemia, and hypocalcemia","volume":"244","author":"Tsai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Livestock Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12091339","article-title":"Detection Method of Cow Estrus Behavior in Natural Scenes Based on Improved YOLOv5","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0203546","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203546","article-title":"Development and validation of an ensemble classifier for real-time recognition of cow behavior patterns from accelerometer data and location data","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11527","article-title":"Technical note: Evaluation of an ear-attached real-time location monitoring system","volume":"100","author":"Wolfger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"}],"container-title":["animal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751731123000265?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751731123000265?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:47:08Z","timestamp":1761695228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751731123000265"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1751731123000265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-7311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-7311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Improved cattle behaviour monitoring by combining Ultra-Wideband location and accelerometer data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"animal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100730","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Animal Consortium.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100730"}}