{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T23:44:18Z","timestamp":1788824658851,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000572","name":"British Society of Animal Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000572","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["animal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T15:24:52Z","timestamp":1691594692000},"page":"100774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"S1","title":["Review: Bovine foetal mortality \u2013 risk factors, causes, immune responses and immuno-prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"J.F.","family":"Mee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6258-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8982-211X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Stefaniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Jawor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.04.026","article-title":"Effects of crossbreed pregnancies on the abortion risk of Neospora caninum-infected dairy cows","volume":"163","author":"Almer\u00eda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.08.008","article-title":"Effects of vaccination against reproductive diseases on reproductive performance of beef cows submitted to fixed-timed AI in Brazilian cow-calf operations","volume":"79","author":"Aono","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1530\/ror.0.0050067","article-title":"Evolution of mammalian pregnancy in the presence of the maternal immune system","volume":"5","author":"Bainbridge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Reviews of Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.12112","article-title":"A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Whole-Cell Killed Tritrichomonas foetus Vaccines in Beef Cattle","volume":"27","author":"Baltzell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190272","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-8478cr20190272","article-title":"Campilobacteriose genital bovina: principais caracter\u00edsticas e perspectivas para o diagn\u00f3stico e controle","volume":"50","author":"Balzan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91549","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091549","article-title":"Survey of infectious etiologies of bovine abortion during mid-to late gestation in dairy herds","volume":"9","author":"Barkallah","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0035","first-page":"343","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Causing Bovine Abortion and Foetal Loss","volume":"9","author":"Barr","year":"1993","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0040","first-page":"463","article-title":"Bovine Neonatal Immunology","volume":"17","author":"Barrington","year":"2001","journal-title":"Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1988.49.04.449","article-title":"Campylobacter foetus: effects of antigen dose, Campylobacter strain, and adjuvant type","volume":"49","author":"Bryner","year":"1988","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1136\/inpract.29.8.455","article-title":"Bovine abortion: aetiology and investigations","volume":"29","author":"Cabell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024754003432","article-title":"Aetiology of bovine abortion in Argentina","volume":"27","author":"Campero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Veterinary Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-022-03237-0","article-title":"Spatial\u2013temporal trends and economic losses associated with bovine abortifacients in central Argentina","volume":"54","author":"Cant\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2006.07.005","article-title":"An epidemiologic study of late-term abortions in dairy cattle in Denmark, July 2000\u2013August 2003","volume":"77","author":"Carpenter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0070","first-page":"47","article-title":"Interferon Tau and Its Immunobiological Role in Ruminant Reproduction","volume":"50","author":"Che\u0142mo\u0144ska-Soyta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.11.001","article-title":"Evaluation of bovine abortion cases and tissue suitability for identification of infectious agents in California diagnostic laboratory cases from 2007 to 2012","volume":"85","author":"Clothier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2003.12.034","article-title":"Immunization in heifers with dual vaccines containing Tritrichomonas foetus and Campylobacter foetus antigens using systemic and mucosal routes","volume":"62","author":"Cobo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2005.03.006","article-title":"Diagnostic survey of bovine abortion with special reference to Neospora caninum infection: Importance, repeated abortion and concurrent infection in aborted foetuses in Southern Brazil","volume":"172","author":"Corbellini","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0090","unstructured":"Crilly, J., 2004. The Epidemiology of Bovine Salmonellosis in Cork and Kerry. End of Project Report, Teagasc, Project MKDC-0506-4992, p. 1\u201311. Retrieved on 3 March 2023 from https:\/\/t-stor.teagasc.ie\/handle\/11019\/1162."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2004.05.016","article-title":"Major histocompatibility antigen expression on the bovine placenta: its relationship to abnormal pregnancies and retained placenta","volume":"82\u201383","author":"Davies","year":"2004","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14259","article-title":"Efficacy of Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 vaccine strains: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.138.14.334","article-title":"Effect of vaccination against Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo on milk production and fertility in dairy cattle","volume":"138","author":"Dhaliwal","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2009-3","article-title":"Isolation of Arcobacter species and other neglected opportunistic agents from aborted bovine and caprine foetuses","volume":"15","author":"Di Blasio","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.2307\/3284363","article-title":"Antibody responses of cows during an outbreak of neosporosis evaluated by indirect fluorescent antibody test and different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays","author":"Dubey","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0125","series-title":"Bovine salmonellosis and the challenge of developing cross protective vaccines for this disease","author":"Engels","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2001.0539","article-title":"Immune regulation during pregnancy and host\u2013pathogen interactions in infectious abortion","volume":"126","author":"Entrican","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2016.1186005","article-title":"Current and next-generation bluetongue vaccines: Requirements, strategies, and prospects for different field situations","volume":"43","author":"Feenstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/030098588702400610","article-title":"Candida abortion in cattle","volume":"24","author":"Foley","year":"1987","journal-title":"Veterinary Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0145","first-page":"122","article-title":"Vaccination of bulls against Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis: a therapeutic approach","volume":"2","author":"F\u00f3scolo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2015.020","article-title":"Effects of long-term vaccination against Coxiella burnetii on the fertility of high-producing dairy cows","volume":"63","author":"Garcia-Ispierto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.684670","article-title":"Maternal and Foetal Cellular Immune Responses in Dams Infected With High- and Low- Virulence Isolates of Neospora caninum at Mid-Gestation","volume":"11","author":"Garcia-Sanchez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2011.01230.x","article-title":"The presence of bluetongue virus serotype 8 RNA in Belgian cattle since 2008","volume":"58","author":"Garigliany","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/inpr.71","article-title":"How to investigate a stillbirth on farm","volume":"43","author":"Geraghty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Practice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.018","article-title":"Infectious causes of embryonic and foetal mortality","volume":"70","author":"Givens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.149.15.443","article-title":"Neospora caninum in persistently infected, pregnant cows: spontaneous transplacental infection is associated with an acute increase in maternal antibody","volume":"149","author":"Guy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Veterinary Record"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-44-114","article-title":"Evaluating the protective efficacy of a trivalent vaccine containing Akabane virus, Ainovirus and Chuzan virus against Schmallenberg virus infection","volume":"44","author":"Hechinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.07.004","article-title":"The host\u2013parasite relationship in bovine neosporosis","volume":"108","author":"Innes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.07.044","article-title":"Infection exposure, detection and causes of death in perinatal mortalities in Polish dairy herds","volume":"103","author":"Jawor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11825","article-title":"Immune and inflammatory biomarkers in cases of bovine perinatal mortality with and without infection in utero","volume":"100","author":"Jawor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11072102","article-title":"Role of Infection and Immunity in Bovine Perinatal Mortality: Part 2. Fetomaternal Response to Infection and Novel Diagnostic Perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Jawor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-005-0832-4","article-title":"Bovine Chlamydophila infection: Do we underestimate the effects on fertility?","volume":"29","author":"Kaltenboeck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Veterinary Research Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.231.11.1709","article-title":"A field study of the effects of a monovalent Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strain hardjobovis vaccine administered with oxytetracycline on reproductive performance in beef cattle","volume":"231","author":"Kasimanickam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2021.02.005","article-title":"Bovine neonate is deficient in innate immunity at birth","volume":"133","author":"Kaushik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecular Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2012.09.006","article-title":"Bovine maternal, foetal and neonatal responses to bovine viral diarrhea virus infections","volume":"41","author":"Kelling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0240","first-page":"635","article-title":"A retrospective study of sporadic bovine abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal abnormalities in Atlantic Canada, from 1990 to 2001","volume":"46","author":"Khodakaram-Tafti","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2011.02.004","article-title":"Development of inactivated trivalent vaccine for the teratogenic Aino, Akabane and Chuzan viruses","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.3390\/v12080816","article-title":"Foetal Lymphoid Organ Immune Responses to Transient and persistent Infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus","volume":"12","author":"Knapek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625e9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-018-1604-9","article-title":"Leptospirosis strongly associated to estrus repetition on cattle","volume":"50","author":"Libonati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.03.006","article-title":"Spontaneous reduction of advanced twin embryos: its occurrence and clinical relevance in dairy cattle","volume":"63","author":"L\u00f3pez-Gatius","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(96)00215-4","article-title":"Effect of reproductive disorders previous to conception on pregnancy attrition in dairy cows","volume":"46","author":"L\u00f3pez-Gatius","year":"1996","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00715-4","article-title":"Factors affecting pregnancy loss from gestation Day 38 to 90 in lactating dairy cows from a single herd","volume":"57","author":"L\u00f3pez-Gatius","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2004.00533.x","article-title":"Timing of Early Foetal Loss for Single and Twin Pregnancies in Dairy Cattle","volume":"39","author":"L\u00f3pez-Gatius","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reproduction in Domestic Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0280","series-title":"Bovine Prenatal, Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine","first-page":"49","article-title":"Late Embryonic\/Early Foetal Mortality (LEM\/EFM)","author":"L\u00f3pez-Gatius","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.04.067","article-title":"Reproductive performance of high producing lactating cows in Coxiella-infected herds following vaccination with phase-I Coxiella burnetii vaccine during advanced pregnancy","volume":"31","author":"L\u00f3pez-Helguera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.09.011","article-title":"Genital bovine leptospirosis: A new look for an old disease","volume":"141","author":"Loureiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2004.02.005","article-title":"Placental pathology associated with foetal death in cattle inoculated with Neospora caninum by two different routes in early pregnancy","volume":"131","author":"Macaldowie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcpa.2006.07.001","article-title":"Characterization of the immune response in the placenta of cattle experimentally infected with Neospora caninum in early gestation","volume":"135","author":"Maley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.03.021","article-title":"Control of bovine leptospirosis: Aspects for consideration in a tropical environment","volume":"112","author":"Martins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Research in Veterinary Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.03.020","article-title":"The effect of a live Neospora caninum tachyzoite vaccine in naturally infected pregnant dairy cows","volume":"120","author":"Mazuz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9040401","article-title":"The Effect of Vaccination with Neospora caninum Live-Frozen Tachyzoites on Abortion Rates of Naturally Infected Pregnant Cows","volume":"9","author":"Mazuz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2013.08.004","article-title":"Influence of modifiable risk factors on the incidence of stillbirth\/perinatal mortality in dairy cattle","volume":"199","author":"Mee","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11041033","article-title":"Role of Infection and Immunity in Bovine Perinatal Mortality: Part 1. Causes and Current Diagnostic Approaches","volume":"11","author":"Mee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0330","first-page":"314","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella Dublin abortion in outwintered dairy cows","volume":"48","author":"Mee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Irish Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-016-1084-8","article-title":"Climatic conditions, twining and frequency of milking as factors affecting the risk of foetal losses in high-yielding Holstein cows in a hot environment","volume":"48","author":"Mellado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.10.037","article-title":"A review of sexually transmitted bovine trichomoniasis and campylobacteriosis affecting cattle reproductive health","volume":"85","author":"Michi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.02.039","article-title":"Evaluation of an investigative model in dairy herds with high calf perinatal mortality rates in Switzerland","volume":"148","author":"Mock","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(98)00077-6","article-title":"Increased risk of abortion following Neospora caninum abortion outbreaks: a retrospective and prospective cohort study in four dairy herds","volume":"49","author":"Moen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-5150-pvb-5668","article-title":"Current trends in bovine abortion in Argentina","volume":"39","author":"Morrell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pesquisa Veterin\u00e1ria Brasileira"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813001817","article-title":"Application of an integrated outbreak management plan for the control of leptospirosis in dairy cattle herds","volume":"142","author":"Mughini-Gras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.09.028","article-title":"Efficacy of bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccination to prevent reproductive disease: A meta-analysis","volume":"83","author":"Newcomer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.01.005","article-title":"Prevention of abortion in cattle following vaccination against bovine herpesvirus1: A meta-analysis","volume":"138","author":"Newcomer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0380","first-page":"1137","article-title":"Non-infectious causes of bovine abortion","volume":"60","author":"Norton","year":"1990","journal-title":"Veterinary Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-018-0420-6","article-title":"Extent and pattern of pregnancy losses and progesterone levels during gestation in Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein dairy cows","volume":"60","author":"Nyman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2012.02102.x","article-title":"Modulation of Maternal Immune System During Pregnancy in the Cow","volume":"47","author":"Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reproduction in Domestic Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75571","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075571","article-title":"Characterization of the Th Profile of the Bovine Endometrium during the Oestrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac218","article-title":"Economic analysis of biosecurity adoption in dairy farming: evidence from Ireland","volume":"100","author":"Osawe","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2307\/3284321","article-title":"Neospora caninum antibodies in cows during pregnancy as a predictor of congenital infection and abortion","volume":"83","author":"Par\u00e9","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00070","article-title":"Seventy Years of Chlamydia Vaccine Research-Limitations of the Past and Directions for the Future","volume":"10","author":"Phillips","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.242.11.1564","article-title":"Effect of a monovalent vaccine against Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo strain hardjobovis on fertility in Holstein dairy cattle","volume":"242","author":"Plunkett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0420","first-page":"579279","article-title":"Major Histocompatibility Complex I Mediates Immunological Tolerance of the Trophoblast during Pregnancy and May Mediate Rejection during Parturition","volume":"2014","author":"Rapacz-Leonard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediators of Inflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106251","article-title":"Pregnancy loss in beef cattle: A meta-analysis","volume":"212","author":"Reese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.10.022","article-title":"What is the global economic impact of Neospora caninum in cattle \u2013 The billion dollar question","volume":"43","author":"Reichel","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal for Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6483","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5594","article-title":"Examining the effect of intramammary infections with minor mastitis pathogens on the acquisition of new intramammary infections with major mastitis pathogens\u2014A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Reyher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Dairy Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11040429","article-title":"Diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii Cattle Abortion: A One-Year Observational Study","volume":"11","author":"Saegerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12784","article-title":"Sensitivity, specificity and predictive probability values of serum agglutination test titres for the diagnosis of Salmonella Dublin culture-positive bovine abortion and stillbirth","volume":"65","author":"Sanchez-Miguel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-009-0258-8","article-title":"Effects of cumulative stressful and acute variation episodes of farm climate conditions on late embryo\/early foetal loss in high producing dairy cows","volume":"54","author":"Santolaria","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Biometeorology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(03)00133-7","article-title":"Effect of timing of first clinical mastitis occurrence on lactational and reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows","volume":"80","author":"Santos","year":"2004","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12004","article-title":"Bluetongue Serotype 2 and 9 Modified Live Vaccine Viruses as Causative Agents of Abortion in Livestock: A Retrospective Analysis in Italy","volume":"61","author":"Savini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022513-114209","article-title":"Pestiviruses","volume":"2","author":"Schweizer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annual Review of Animal Biosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0480","series-title":"A reverse vaccinology approach to identifying vaccine candidate antigens for bovine Trichomoniasis","author":"Senior","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1177\/10406387221105890","article-title":"Salmonella enterica serovar Brandenburg abortions in dairy cattle","volume":"34","author":"Siepker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(02)00016-7","article-title":"Extent, pattern and factors associated with late embryonic loss in dairy cows","volume":"71","author":"Silke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Animal Reproduction Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.01.013","article-title":"Factors affecting pregnancy loss for single and twin pregnancies in a high-producing dairy herd","volume":"71","author":"Silva-Del-R\u00edo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0500","first-page":"534","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal development of immune system in ruminants (in Polish)","volume":"68","author":"Stefaniak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Medycyna Weterynaryjna"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-49-S1-S3","article-title":"Causes of bovine abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death in Finland 1999\u20132006","volume":"49","author":"Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1556\/004.2019.013","article-title":"Pregnancy and stillbirth losses in dairy cows with singleton and twin pregnancies","volume":"67","author":"Szel\u00e9nyi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Hungarica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1997.58.12.1381","article-title":"Effect of congenitally acquired Neospora caninum infection on risk of abortion and subsequent abortions in dairy cattle","volume":"58","author":"Thurmond","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0525","series-title":"Veterinary Immunology, an introduction","first-page":"210","article-title":"Immunity in the foetus and newborn","author":"Tizzard","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(02)00234-0","article-title":"Neospora caninum: oocyst challenge of pregnant cows","volume":"109","author":"Trees","year":"2002","journal-title":"Veterinary Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2021.105366","article-title":"Retrospective study of factors associated with bovine infectious abortion and perinatal mortality","volume":"191","author":"Van Loo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-017-0470-1","article-title":"Amplicon sequencing of bacterial microbiota in abortion material from cattle","volume":"48","author":"Vidal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.01.006","volume":"35","author":"Walz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2005.36492","article-title":"Associations between pregnancy outcome and serological response to Neospora caninum among a group of dairy heifers","volume":"53","author":"Weston","year":"2005","journal-title":"New Zealand Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182099006587","article-title":"Neospora caninum associated abortion in cattle: the time of experimentally-induced parasitaemia during gestation determines foetal survival","volume":"121","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-019-0499-4","article-title":"Diagnostic studies of abortion in Danish cattle 2015\u20132017","volume":"62","author":"Wolf-J\u00e4ckel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.2307\/3284431","article-title":"Serological diagnosis of bovine foetal neosporosis","volume":"83","author":"Wouda","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0570","first-page":"1","article-title":"Non-infectious Causes of Abortion in Livestock Animals-A","volume":"11","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Livestock Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00088","article-title":"Prevalence, Diagnosis, and Vaccination Situation of Animal Chlamydiosis in China","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Veterinary Science"}],"container-title":["animal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751731123000708?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1751731123000708?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T23:55:26Z","timestamp":1761695726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1751731123000708"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["S1751731123000708"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774","relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-7311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-7311","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Review: Bovine foetal mortality \u2013 risk factors, causes, immune responses and immuno-prophylaxis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"animal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100774","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Animal Consortium.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100774"}}