{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:05:48Z","timestamp":1792476348470,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31872382"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872382"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31501982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31501982"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015956","name":"Special Project for Research and Development in Key Areas of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022B0202110001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022B0202110001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,7]],"date-time":"2025-12-07T23:08:15Z","timestamp":1765148895000},"page":"1-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effects of inactivated Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, blood parameters, fecal fermentation and microbiota in neonatal Holstein calves"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1438-9788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zexi","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Xian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baoli","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaokun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangbin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6511-9772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dewu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0518-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongqing","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1911.11019","article-title":"Potential health-promoting benefits of paraprobiotics, inactivated probiotic cells","volume":"30","author":"Akter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-012-4241-7","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of potentially probiotic bacteria: in vitro and in vivo activities","volume":"97","author":"Amaretti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib3","series-title":"Official Method of Analysis","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib4","series-title":"Official Method of Analysis","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-016-0714-8","article-title":"Medicinal plants-prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Ayrle","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-021-00630-x","article-title":"Implication and challenges of direct-fed microbial supplementation to improve ruminant production and health","volume":"12","author":"Ban","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11010001","article-title":"Prevotella: a key player in ruminal metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Betancur-Murillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2276","article-title":"Quality-filtering vast numbers of short reads reveals high-level diversity in microbial communities","volume":"10","author":"Bokulich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5388","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-23017","article-title":"Characterization of controlled trials on probiotic supplementation to dairy calves: a scoping review","volume":"106","author":"Branco-Lopes","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(80)82888-8","article-title":"Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media","volume":"63","author":"Broderick","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(03)73721-7","article-title":"Effects of varying dietary protein and energy levels on the production of lactating dairy cows","volume":"86","author":"Broderick","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117545","article-title":"Oyster polysaccharides ameliorate intestinal mucositis and improve metabolism in 5-fluorouracil-treated S180 tumour-bearing mice","volume":"256","author":"Cai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1038\/s41514-017-0013-z","article-title":"How does hormesis impact biology, toxicology, and medicine?","volume":"3","author":"Calabrese","year":"2017","journal-title":"NPJ Aging Mech Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00249","article-title":"History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds","volume":"86","author":"Castanon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.04.004","article-title":"Influence of fermented milk products, prebiotics and probiotics on microbiota composition and health","volume":"27","author":"Ceapa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110420","article-title":"Compound probiotics alleviating aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone toxic effects on broiler production performance and gut microbiota","volume":"194","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2022.04.009","article-title":"Supplementation with galacto-oligosaccharides in early life persistently facilitates the microbial colonization of the rumen and promotes growth of preweaning Holstein dairy calves","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.761981","article-title":"Interaction between commensal bacteria, immune response and the intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081933","article-title":"Diet and immune function","volume":"11","author":"Childs","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.ep10768783","article-title":"Statistical power analysis","volume":"1","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12070917","article-title":"Effects of postbiotics and paraprobiotics as replacements for antibiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, small intestine histomorphology, immune status and hepatic growth gene expression in broiler chickens","volume":"12","author":"Danladi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib22","first-page":"322","article-title":"The effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and\/or prebiotic mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilization, blood metabolites, faecal bacteria, and economics of crossbred calves","volume":"23","author":"Dar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran J Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.02.053","article-title":"Modulation of digestive enzyme activity, blood health, oxidative responses and growth-related gene expression in GIFT by heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum (L-137)","volume":"505","author":"Dawood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2016.09.011","article-title":"Paraprobiotics: evidences on their ability to modify biological responses, inactivation methods and perspectives on their application in foods","volume":"58","author":"De","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R036012","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism","volume":"54","author":"Den Besten","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2379","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082379","article-title":"Effects of Bacillus megatherium 1259 on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and blood biochemical parameters in Holstein bull calves","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-024-05077-y","article-title":"Gut microbiota regulates gut homeostasis, mucosal immunity and influences immune-related diseases","volume":"480","author":"Ding","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2016.11.002","article-title":"The use of Lactobacillus as an alternative of antibiotic growth promoters in pigs: a review","volume":"3","author":"Dowarah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.041376-0","article-title":"Description of Alloprevotella rava gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the human oral cavity, and reclassification of Prevotella tannerae Moore et al. 1994 as Alloprevotella tannerae gen. nov., comb. nov","volume":"63","author":"Downes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2017.09.011","article-title":"Action and function of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in health and disease","volume":"31","author":"Ferreira-Halder","year":"2017","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116465","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii from calves and piglets","volume":"9","author":"Foditsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6206","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10744","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the effects of preweaned calf nutrition and growth on first-lactation performance","volume":"99","author":"Gelsinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9752","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-24544","article-title":"Retrospective cohort study investigating the relationship between diarrhea during the preweaning period and subsequent survival, health, and production in dairy cows","volume":"107","author":"Goh","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.21.0084","article-title":"Effects of a multi-strain probiotic on growth, health, and fecal bacterial flora of neonatal dairy calves","volume":"35","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6666114","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii: a next-generation probiotic in gut disease improvement","volume":"2021","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3170","article-title":"A prospective study of calf factors affecting first-lactation and lifetime milk production and age of cows when removed from the herd","volume":"94","author":"Heinrichs","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00004-17","article-title":"Meta-analysis to define a core microbiota in the swine gut","volume":"2","author":"Holman","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10198","article-title":"Stress, immunity, and the management of calves","volume":"99","author":"Hulbert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2021.e44","article-title":"Effects of dietary inactivated probiotics on growth performance and immune responses of weaned pigs","volume":"63","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2020.100124","article-title":"Combined effect of probiotics and specific immunoglobulin Y directed against Escherichia coli on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, and immune system in calves","volume":"15","author":"Karamzadeh-Dehaghani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10151","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13062","article-title":"A 100-year review: calf nutrition and management","volume":"100","author":"Kertz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00493-8","article-title":"Replication, recombination, and repair: going for the gold","volume":"9","author":"Klein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.10.002","article-title":"Probiotics improve gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice fed a high-fat or high-sucrose diet","volume":"60","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-021-09821-4","article-title":"Microencapsulated and lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus improved gut health and immune status of preruminant calves","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1021\/jf900465c","article-title":"Beneficial preventive effects of gastric mucosal lesion for soy-skim milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55731-5","article-title":"Effects of compound probiotics on the weight, immunity performance and fecal microbiota of forest musk deer","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.3216","article-title":"Mechanistic diversity in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters","volume":"23","author":"Locher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-149","article-title":"Effects of feeding different postbiotic metabolite combinations produced by Lactobacillus plantarum strains on egg quality and production performance, faecal parameters and plasma cholesterol in laying hens","volume":"10","author":"Loh","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-016-1127-1","article-title":"Performance and health of Holstein calves fed different levels of milk fortified with symbiotic complex containing pre- and probiotics","volume":"48","author":"Marcondes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665120006916","article-title":"SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut","volume":"80","author":"Martin-Gallausiaux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-13733","article-title":"Associations between management practices and within-pen prevalence of calf diarrhea and respiratory disease on dairy farms using automated milk feeders","volume":"101","author":"Medrano-Galarza","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2528","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14172528","article-title":"Heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus promotes growth by modulating the gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites of piglets","volume":"14","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.06.003","article-title":"Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and human intestinal health","volume":"16","author":"Miquel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.11.020","article-title":"A four-strain probiotic exerts positive immunomodulatory effects by enhancing colonic butyrate production in vitro","volume":"555","author":"Moens","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"Pt7","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.65150-0","article-title":"Genus Megamonas should be placed in the lineage of Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; 'Acidaminococcaceae'; Megamonas","volume":"57","author":"Morotomi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031859","article-title":"Motility of the zoonotic spirochete Leptospira: insight into association with pathogenicity","volume":"23","author":"Nakamura","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib57","series-title":"Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle","article-title":"Nutrient requirements of the young calf. In:","year":"2001"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.5958\/2231-6744.2018.00043.9","article-title":"Growth and haematological parameters in Murrah buffalo calves as affected by addition of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the diet","volume":"35","author":"Ojha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4324-2021210179","article-title":"Effect of milk fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC15 on nutrient digestibility, faecal biomarkers and immune response in Murrah calves","volume":"64","author":"Ojha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Braz Arch Biol Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2010.0730","article-title":"Impact of antibiotic use in adult dairy cows on antimicrobial resistance of veterinary and human pathogens: a comprehensive review","volume":"8","author":"Oliver","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foodb Pathog Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103790","article-title":"Potential probiotic salami with dietary fiber modulates metabolism and gut microbiota in a human intervention study","volume":"66","author":"Perez-Burillo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102534","article-title":"Health benefits of heat-killed (tyndallized) probiotics: an overview","volume":"20","author":"Pique","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00689","article-title":"Metagenomic analysis of the rumen microbiome of steers with wheat-induced frothy bloat","volume":"7","author":"Pitta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.146","article-title":"Fighting antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit using antibiotics","volume":"10","author":"Plantinga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7998","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-21838","article-title":"Effect of supplementation with algae \u03b2-glucans on performance, health, and blood metabolites of Holstein dairy calves","volume":"105","author":"Reis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7729","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207729","article-title":"Dietary energy partition: the central role of glucose","volume":"21","author":"Remesar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.11643","article-title":"Influence of microbial probiotics on ruminant health and nutrition: sources, mode of action and implications","volume":"102","author":"Reuben","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1445-8","article-title":"Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components","volume":"57","author":"Rowland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.20-0181","article-title":"Effects of dietary feed supplementation of heat-treated Lactobacillus sakei HS-1 on the health status, blood parameters, and fecal microbes of Japanese Black calves","volume":"82","author":"Sasazaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2015.11.032","article-title":"Effect of continuous ingestion of a beverage prepared with Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 inactivated by heat treatment on the regulation of intestinal function","volume":"79","author":"Sawada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5296","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21667","article-title":"Predictors of diarrhea, mortality, and weight gain in male dairy calves","volume":"105","author":"Schinwald","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149205","article-title":"A systematic review on antibiotics misuse in livestock and aquaculture and regulation implications in China","volume":"798","author":"Shao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12878","article-title":"Effects of mannan-oligosaccharides and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilization and faecal characteristics in Murrah buffalo calves","volume":"102","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04133-5","article-title":"Effects of inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth performance, serum indicators, and colonic microbiota and metabolism of weaned piglets","volume":"20","author":"Shu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02733-z","article-title":"Synbiotic formulation of Cichorium intybus root powder with Lactobacillus acidophilus NCDC15 and Lactobacillus reuteri BFE7 improves growth performance in Murrah buffalo calves via altering selective gut health indices","volume":"53","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-011-3847-5","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota associated with differential feed conversion efficiency in chickens","volume":"96","author":"Stanley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13142309","article-title":"The effect of capsaicin on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and gut micro-organisms of calves","volume":"13","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-011-0218-x","article-title":"The immunomodulatory properties of probiotic microorganisms beyond their viability (ghost probiotics: proposal of paraprobiotic concept)","volume":"6","author":"Taverniti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genes Nutr"},{"issue":"7415","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11552","article-title":"Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism","volume":"489","author":"Tremaroli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Van Soest","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00057","article-title":"Benefits and inputs from lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriocins as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters during food-animal production","volume":"10","author":"Vieco-Saiz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.13584","article-title":"Effects of sodium humate and glutamine combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, blood parameters, and intestinal microflora of weaned calves","volume":"92","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Sci J"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.11.018","article-title":"Effect of oral consumption of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 on fecal microbiota, SIgA, SCFAs, and TBAs of adults of different ages","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-022-00806-z","article-title":"A meta-analysis on the effects of probiotics on the performance of pre-weaning dairy calves","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5237","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-24521","article-title":"Invited review: the effect of weaning practices on dairy calf performance, behavior, and health\u2014a systematic review","volume":"107","author":"Welk","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00008-07","article-title":"Bacteroides: the good, the bad, and the nitty-gritty","volume":"20","author":"Wexler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1361908","article-title":"Benefits of heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant status, immunity, and cecal microbiota of rabbits","volume":"11","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101875","article-title":"Heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ameliorated UVB-induced oxidative damage and photoaging and its underlying mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.701511","article-title":"Gut microbiota and their role in health and metabolic disease of dairy cow","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00451-y","article-title":"Inulin-enriched Megamonas funiformis ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease by producing propionic acid","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib91","first-page":"2701","article-title":"Research progress of intestinal microbial colonization pattern in young ruminants and its nutritional regulation","volume":"54","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Vet Zootech Sin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12691","article-title":"Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis on rumen fermentation and the bacterial community in calves","volume":"88","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Sci J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1111\/php.13775","article-title":"Heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 improved UVB-induced photoaging via antiwrinkle and antimelanogenesis impacts","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.585623","article-title":"Effect of heat-inactivated compound probiotics on growth performance, plasma biochemical indices, and cecal microbiome in yellow-feathered broilers","volume":"11","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Animal Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405654525001830?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405654525001830?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T19:43:01Z","timestamp":1774899781000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405654525001830"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["S2405654525001830"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of inactivated Lactobacillus acidophilus on growth performance, blood parameters, fecal fermentation and microbiota in neonatal Holstein calves","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.11.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}