{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:02:32Z","timestamp":1790125352383,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012428","name":"Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023TD23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005906","name":"Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005906","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD2400902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD2400902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:32:35Z","timestamp":1777930355000},"page":"294-305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Schizochytrium sp. as a sustainable docosahexaenoic acid source improves growth performance, fatty acid profile, and hepato-intestinal health in juvenile darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixue","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7607-7325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3032-4973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-023-03666-x","article-title":"Microbial Production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA):biosynthetic pathways, physical parameter optimization, and health benefits","volume":"205","author":"Abbas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib2","series-title":"Official methods of analysis","year":"2006"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.5.1535","article-title":"Replacement of fish oil with rapeseed oil in diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects tissue lipid compositions and hepatocyte fatty acid metabolism","volume":"131","author":"Bell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.2.222","article-title":"Substituting fish oil with crude palm oil in the diet of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affects muscle fatty acid compositions and hepatic fatty acid metabolism","volume":"132","author":"Bell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib5","first-page":"213","article-title":"High-fat diet induces aberrant hepatic lipid secretion in blunt snout bream by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated IRE1\/XBP1 pathway","volume":"1864","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"BBA-Mol Cell Biol L"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103545","article-title":"Microalgae-nutritious, sustainableaqua-and animal feed source","volume":"62","author":"Dineshbabu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Funct Food"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/are.13979","article-title":"Evaluation of growth and fatty acid profile of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with Schizochytrium sp","volume":"50","author":"dos Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.01.011","article-title":"The oil-rich alga Schizochytrium sp. as a dietary source of decosahexaenoic acid improves shape discrimination learning associated with visual processing in canine model of senescence","volume":"118","author":"Hadley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1080\/07388551.2016.1207153","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid: one molecule diverse functions","volume":"37","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.10230","article-title":"DHA content in milk and biohydrogenation pathway in rumen:a review","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.201700025","article-title":"Regulation of lipid accumulation in Schizochytrium sp ATCC 20888 in response to different nitrogen sources","volume":"119","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Lipid Sci Tech"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-018-0183-1","article-title":"Comparative ecologic relationships of saturated fat, sucrose, food groups, and a Mediterranean food pattern score to 50-year coronary heart disease mortality rates among 16 cohorts of the Seven Countries Study","volume":"72","author":"Kromhout","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse11020414","article-title":"The Effect of Schizochytrium sp. on growth, fatty acid profile and gut microbiota of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus)","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Mar Sci Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-025-04268-z","article-title":"Metabolic regulation strategies for enhancing microbial docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J Microb Biot"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11751-8","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with microalgae enhances the zebrafish growth performance by modulating immune status and gut microbiota","volume":"106","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737870","article-title":"Lipid metabolism in juvenile of Yellowtail, Seriola dorsalis fed diets containing different lipid levels","volume":"550","author":"Mata-Sotres","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib16","series-title":"Evaluating Schizochytrium sp. as an alternative ingredient in fish-free feeds for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) aquaculture","author":"Neylan","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib17","first-page":"240","article-title":"Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP): a marker of cardiovascular disease","volume":"29","author":"Niroumand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med J Islam Repub Iran"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15050712","article-title":"Dietary Schizochytrium sp. meal enhances the fatty acid profile in Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) fillets with no effect on growth performance and health status","volume":"15","author":"Nobre","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-024-03334-7","article-title":"Schizochytrium sp. can improve feed utilization, fillet DHA content, and non-specific immunity of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed fish oil free diet","volume":"36","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl Phycol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1007\/s10126-008-9135-4","article-title":"Thraustochytrid marine protists: production of PUFAs and other emerging technologies","volume":"10","author":"Raghukumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Marine Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/are.13979","article-title":"Evaluation of growth and fatty acid profile of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed with Schizochytrium sp","volume":"50","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquac Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156684","article-title":"Towards sustainable aquafeeds: complete substitution of fish oil with marine Microalga schizochytriumsp. improves growth and fatty acid deposition in juvenile nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"11","author":"Sarker","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-017-2402-6","article-title":"Microbial and genetically engineered oils asreplacements for fish oil in aquaculture feeds","volume":"39","author":"Sprague","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735003","volume":"520","author":"Tibbetts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007807201093","article-title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) undergoing parr-smolt transformation and the effects of dietary linseed and rapeseed oils","volume":"23","author":"Tocher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fish Phys Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib26","first-page":"331","article-title":"Effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on growth and carcass composition of hybrid red tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus \u00d7 O. niloticus)","volume":"4","author":"Ungsethaphand","year":"2010","journal-title":"Manejo Int J Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.01.021","article-title":"Development of dryfermented sausages rich in docosahexaenoic acid with oil from the microalgae Schizochytrium sp.: influence onnutritional properties, sensorial quality and oxidationstability","volume":"104","author":"Valencia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2005.03.037","article-title":"The effect of graded concentrations of dietary DHA on growth, survival and tissue fatty acid profile of Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae during the Artemia feeding period","volume":"249","author":"Villalta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4493","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10536-9","article-title":"Bacillus strains improve growth performance via enhancing digestive function and anti-disease ability in young and weaning rex rabbits","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib30","first-page":"23","article-title":"Comparison of the Folinphenol reagent method and the Biuret reagent method for determination of feed protease activity","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Husb Vet Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11123517","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with microalgae (Schizochytrium sp.) improves the antioxidant status, fatty acids profiles and volatile compounds of beef","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11746-997-0249-z","article-title":"Production of high yields of docosahexaenoic acid by Schizochytrium sp. strain SR21","volume":"74","author":"Yaguchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Amer Oil Chem Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6314978","article-title":"Effects of different marine-based lipid sources on growth performance, activities of digestive enzyme, antioxidant responses, and lipid metabolism of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) larvae","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquac Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2022.1090235","article-title":"Effect of Schizochytrium limacinum supplementation to alow fish-meal diet on growth performance, lipid metabolism, apoptosis, autophagyand intestinal histology of Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"9","author":"Yao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Mar Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-016-0240-4","article-title":"Fat deposition pattern and mechanism in response to dietary lipid levels in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus","volume":"42","author":"Yuan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-017-0153-6","article-title":"Significance of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human health","volume":"6","author":"Z\u00e1rate","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Progress on nutritional value of schizochytrium limacinum and its application in animal production","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Henan Agric Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib38","article-title":"Simultaneous DHA and organic selenium production by Schizochytrium sp.: a theoretical basis","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2009.11.028","article-title":"Effects of dietary lipid levels on growth, survival and lipid metabolism during early ontogeny of Pelteobagrus vachelli larvae","volume":"299","author":"Zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1252\/jcej.07WE012","article-title":"Enhanced production of docosahexaenoic acid using Schizochytrium sp by optimization of medium components","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Chem Eng Jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.136450","article-title":"Bioimprinted lipase-catalyzed synthesis of medium- and long-chain structuredlipids rich in docosahexaenoic acid for infant formula","volume":"424","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem"}],"container-title":["Animal Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405654526000612?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405654526000612?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:15:29Z","timestamp":1790122529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405654526000612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S2405654526000612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Schizochytrium sp. as a sustainable docosahexaenoic acid source improves growth performance, fatty acid profile, and hepato-intestinal health in juvenile darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.01.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}