{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T12:14:21Z","timestamp":1789992861952,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":183,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025A1515012362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A1515012362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017687","name":"Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R2023PY-JG013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R2023PY-JG013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T05:36:40Z","timestamp":1780119400000},"page":"380-392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Porcine intestinal goblet cells: Guardians of mucosal immunity and barrier function"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0192-1253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenbin","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiguo","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongyong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.21.0562","article-title":"Microbial short-chain fatty acids: a bridge between dietary fibers and poultry gut health - a review","volume":"35","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.04.002","article-title":"The intestinal epithelium: central coordinator of mucosal immunity","volume":"39","author":"Allaire","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-4-52","article-title":"Escherichia coli challenge and one type of smectite alter intestinal barrier of pigs","volume":"4","author":"Almeida","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120269109","article-title":"Calcium and pH-dependent packing and release of the gel-forming MUC2 mucin","volume":"109","author":"Ambort","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.11.001","article-title":"Induced quiescence of Lgr5+Stem cells in intestinal organoids enables differentiation of hormone-producing enteroendocrine cells","volume":"20","author":"Basak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins5122341","article-title":"Deoxynivanelol and fumonisin, alone or in combination, induce changes on intestinal junction complexes and in E-Cadherin expression","volume":"5","author":"Basso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12315-1","article-title":"TFF3 interacts with LINGO2 to regulate EGFR activation for protection against colitis and gastrointestinal helminths","volume":"10","author":"Belle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2015.08.005","article-title":"Lawsonia intracellularis infection of intestinal crypt cells is associated with specific depletion of secreted MUC2 in goblet cells","volume":"168","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0278-0","article-title":"Cell fate specification and differentiation in the adult mammalian intestine","volume":"22","author":"Beumer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00012.2006","article-title":"Restoration of barrier function in injured intestinal mucosa","volume":"87","author":"Blikslager","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511004946","article-title":"Chronic ingestion of deoxynivalenol and fumonisin, alone or in interaction, induces morphological and immunological changes in the intestine of piglets","volume":"107","author":"Bracarense","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.843567x","article-title":"Ontogeny of T lymphocytes and intestinal morphological characteristics in neonatal pigs at different ages in the postnatal period","volume":"84","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(88)90040-0","article-title":"Histochemistry of mucins of pig intestinal secretory epithelial-cells before and after weaning","volume":"98","author":"Brown","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5288(91)90044-O","article-title":"Serine protease immunohistochemistry and lectin histochemistry in the small-intestine of weaned and unweaned pigs","volume":"50","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.pjz\/2017.49.6.2249.2255","article-title":"Protective effects of intestinal trefoil factor against endotoxin-induced injury of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells in piglets","volume":"49","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pakistan J Zool"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.12.008","article-title":"Drinking alkaline mineral water confers diarrhea resistance in maternally separated piglets by maintaining intestinal epithelial regeneration via the brain-microbe-gut axis","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib17","article-title":"Effects of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth and gut microbiota as potential replacements for antibiotic in weaning piglets","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13661","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c06041","article-title":"Pterostilbene prevents tunicamycin-induced intestinal barrier damage by targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, autophagy, and gut microbiota","volume":"70","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.03.004","article-title":"The role of glycosylated mucins in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and gut health","volume":"21","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00805-x","article-title":"Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease","volume":"21","author":"Collins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10101852","article-title":"Low-protein diet supplemented with medium-chain fatty acid glycerides improves the growth performance and intestinal function in post-weaning piglets","volume":"10","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11010018","article-title":"Phytic acid decreases oxidative stress and intestinal lesions induced by fumonisin B1 and deoxynivalenol in intestinal explants of pigs","volume":"11","author":"da Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2007.01.063","article-title":"Effect of direct-fed microbial and antibiotic supplementation on gastrointestinal microflora, mucin histochemical characterization, and immune populations of weanling pigs","volume":"108","author":"Davis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02355","article-title":"Aquaporin 9 contributes to the maturation process and inflammatory cytokine secretion of murine dendritic cells","volume":"9","author":"De Santis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.47.2.345-348.1985","article-title":"Location and distribution of a receptor for the 987p pilus of escherichia-coli in small-intestines","volume":"47","author":"Dean","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.5958\/0976-0555.2014.00034.X","article-title":"Role of zinc and copper in growth performance of weaning piglets","volume":"48","author":"Deka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iindian J Anim Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199712)249:4<517::AID-AR12>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Mucosal morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation in fetal porcine small intestine","volume":"249","author":"Dekaney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab002","article-title":"Effects of dietary iron level on growth performance, hematological status, and intestinal function in growing-finishing pigs","volume":"99","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1080789","article-title":"Comparison between Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and LuxS-deficient strain in regulating gut barrier function and inflammation in early-weaned piglets","volume":"13","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10101860","article-title":"Beet pulp: an alternative to improve the gut health of growing pigs","volume":"10","author":"Diao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117332","article-title":"Trefoil peptides promote epithelial migration through A transforming growth-factor beta-independent pathway","volume":"94","author":"Dignass","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2020.100037","article-title":"Meishan neonatal piglets tend to have higher intestinal barrier function than crossbred neonatal piglets","volume":"15","author":"Dong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155414532655","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction impairs small intestinal mucosal immunity in neonatal piglets","volume":"62","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skad419","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad419","article-title":"Variability in feed intake the first days following weaning impacts gastrointestinal tract development, feeding patterns, and growth performance in nursery pigs","volume":"102","author":"Faba","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2101216","article-title":"Identification of cell types and transcriptome landscapes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-infected porcine small intestine using single-cell RNA sequencing","volume":"210","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-018-2681-9","article-title":"Glycine supplementation to breast-fed piglets attenuates post-weaning jejunal epithelial apoptosis: a functional role of CHOP signaling","volume":"51","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19980309","article-title":"Selective in vitro degradation of the sialylated fraction of germ-free rat mucins by the caecal flora of the rat","volume":"38","author":"Fontaine","year":"1998","journal-title":"Reprod Nutr Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2016.02.009","article-title":"Effect of breast feeding time on physiological, immunological and microbial parameters of weaned piglets in an intensive breeding farm","volume":"176","author":"Garcia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2018.0023","article-title":"Beneficial effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC016 in weaned piglets: in vivo and ex vivo analysis","volume":"10","author":"Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Benef Microbes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12579","article-title":"Potential of plant polyphenols to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in farm animals","volume":"101","author":"Gessner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-08-0224","article-title":"Notch inhibits expression of the kruppel-like factor 4 tumor suppressor in the intestinal epithelium","volume":"6","author":"Ghaleb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-019-02425-6","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol inhibits the expression of trefoil factors (TFF) by intestinal human and porcine goblet cells","volume":"93","author":"Graziani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00770-14","article-title":"Lactulose and Lactobacillus plantarum, a potential complementary synbiotic to control postweaning colibacillosis in piglets","volume":"80","author":"Guerra-Ordaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-018-1633-4","article-title":"Effects of heat stress on piglet production\/performance parameters","volume":"50","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Anim Health Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.67292","article-title":"Intestinal goblet cells sample and deliver lumenal antigens by regulated endocytic uptake and transcytosis","volume":"10","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00675-x","article-title":"The role of goblet cells and mucus in intestinal homeostasis","volume":"19","author":"Gustafsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1002738","article-title":"Artificial rearing alters intestinal microbiota and induces inflammatory response in piglets","volume":"13","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-018-9372-6","article-title":"Metabolic characteristics and nutrient utilization in high-feed-efficiency pigs selected using different feed conversion ratio models","volume":"62","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-020-00498-3","article-title":"Dietary Bacillus spp. enhanced growth and disease resistance of weaned pigs by modulating intestinal microbiota and systemic immunity","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1069809","article-title":"Correlation analysis between jejunum metabolites and immune function in Saba and Landrace piglets","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2656","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa097","article-title":"Mucin-derived O-Glycans act as endogenous fiber and sustain mucosal immune homeostasis via short-chain fatty acid production in rat cecum","volume":"150","author":"Hino","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/124.1.52","article-title":"Galactosylsucrose and xylosylfructoside alter digestive-tract size and concentrations of cecal organic-acids in flats fed diets containing cholesterol and cholic-acid","volume":"124","author":"Hoshi","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02663","article-title":"Exogenous fecal microbiota transplantation from local adult pigs to crossbred newborn piglets","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173782","article-title":"Lawsonia intracellularis exploits \u03b2-catenin\/Wnt and notch signalling pathways during infection of intestinal crypt to alter cell homeostasis and promote cell proliferation","volume":"12","author":"Huan","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2006.07.012","article-title":"Consecutive pathological and immunological alterations during experimentally induced swine dysentery -: a study performed by repeated endoscopy and biopsy samplings through an intestinal cannula","volume":"82","author":"Jacobson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G59","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00213.2013","article-title":"Antibiotics modulate intestinal immunity and prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonatal piglets","volume":"306","author":"Jensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2016.10.009","article-title":"Goblet cell depletion in small intestinal villous and crypt epithelium of conventional nursing and weaned pigs infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","volume":"110","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.5603\/FM.a2020.0091","article-title":"Small intestinal mucosal cells in piglets fed with probiotic and zinc: a qualitative and quantitative microanatomical study","volume":"80","author":"Kalita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Folia Morphol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L842","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00443.2021","article-title":"Chloride channel accessory 1 gene deficiency causes selective loss of mucus production in a new pig model","volume":"322","author":"Keeler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2020.11.006","article-title":"Intestinal phospholipid disequilibrium initiates an ER stress response that drives goblet cell necroptosis and spontaneous colitis in mice","volume":"11","author":"Kennelly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90340-2","article-title":"Trefoil peptide protection of intestinal epithelial barrier function - cooperative interaction with mucin glycoprotein","volume":"109","author":"Kindon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib62","first-page":"312G592","article-title":"Nutrient sensing by absorptive and secretory progenies of small intestinal stem cells","author":"Kishida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aao1314","article-title":"Microbial antigen encounter during a preweaning interval is critical for tolerance to gut bacteria","volume":"2","author":"Knoop","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.58","article-title":"Microbial sensing by goblet cells controls immune surveillance of luminal antigens in the colon","volume":"8","author":"Knoop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaa041","article-title":"Effects of feed removal on thermoregulation and intestinal morphology in pigs recovering from acute hyperthermia","volume":"98","author":"Kpodo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77129-4","article-title":"Comparing the permeability of human and porcine small intestinal mucus for particle transport studies","volume":"10","author":"Krupa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0240-7","article-title":"Goblet cell associated antigen passages support the induction and maintenance of oral tolerance","volume":"13","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0007-6","article-title":"Goblet cell associated antigen passages are inhibited during Salmonella typhimurium infection to prevent pathogen dissemination and limit responses to dietary antigens","volume":"11","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020504","article-title":"Dietary glutamic acid modulates immune responses and gut health of weaned pigs","volume":"11","author":"Kyoung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G1293","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00221.2006","article-title":"Adequate oral threonine is critical for mucin production and gut function in neonatal piglets","volume":"292","author":"Law","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12513","article-title":"Effects of dietary supplementation of bacteriophages against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88 on clinical symptoms of post-weaning pigs challenged with the ETEC pathogen","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac247.508","article-title":"Effects of dietary protein content and crystalline amino acid supplementation patterns on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, and immune response in weaned pigs raised under different sanitary conditions","volume":"100","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2020.07.003","article-title":"Muc2 Mucin and Nonmucin microbiota confer distinct innate host defense in disease susceptibility and colonic injury","volume":"11","author":"Leon-Coria","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac310","article-title":"Exposure to plant-oriented microbiome altered jejunal and colonic innate immune response and barrier function more strongly in suckling than in weaned piglets","volume":"100","author":"Lerch","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451400172X","article-title":"Changes in plasma amino acid profiles, growth performance and intestinal antioxidant capacity of piglets following increased consumption of methionine as its hydroxy analogue","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.00358-22","article-title":"Calpain-1: a novel antiviral host factor identified in porcine small intestinal mucus","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0236-2","article-title":"Effects of dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, inflammatory response, and microbiota of intra-uterine growth retarded weanling piglets","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/67980\/2001","article-title":"Dietary influences on the secretion into and degradation of mucin in the digestive tract of monogastric animals and humans","volume":"10","author":"Lien","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Anim Feed Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1042815","article-title":"Acute infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae affects mucin expression, glycosylation, and fecal MUC5AC","volume":"12","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113209","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol aggravates the immunosuppression in piglets and PAMs under the condition of PEDV infection through inhibiting TLR4\/NLRP3 signaling pathway","volume":"231","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-025-01213-w","article-title":"Contamination of aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in feeds in China from 2021 to 2024","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2024.110152","article-title":"A novel function of benzoic acid to enhance intestinal barrier defense against PEDV infection in piglets","volume":"295","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2024.103881","article-title":"Heat shock protein 90 and prolyl hydroxylase 2 co-regulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1\u03b1 expression in porcine small intestinal epithelial cells under heat stress","volume":"122","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Therm Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2016.10.001","article-title":"Effects of patulin and ascladiol on porcine intestinal mucosa: an ex vivo approach","volume":"98","author":"Maidana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2743","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2005-509","article-title":"Effects of butyrate, avilamycin, and a plant extract combination on the intestinal equilibrium of early-weaned pigs","volume":"84","author":"Manzanilla","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-025-01169-x","article-title":"Gut microbiota-mediated bile acid transformations regulate the transport of aflatoxin B1 from the intestine to the liver in piglets","volume":"16","author":"Mao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137380","article-title":"Dietary leucine supplementation improves the mucin production in the jejunal mucosa of the weaned pigs challenged by porcine rotavirus","volume":"10","author":"Mao","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib88","first-page":"359","article-title":"Effect of olive pomace extract on the gut health in weaned piglets","volume":"94","author":"Martinez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2019.08.001","article-title":"Effect of fosfomycin, Cynara scolymus extract, deoxynivalenol and their combinations on intestinal health of weaned piglets","volume":"5","author":"Martinez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002138","article-title":"A role for eosinophils in the intestinal immunity against infective Ascaris suum Larvae","volume":"7","author":"Masure","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-022-00740-0","article-title":"Generating an In vitro gut model with physiologically relevant biophysical mucus properties","volume":"15","author":"McCright","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Mol Bioeng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10863","article-title":"Goblet cells deliver luminal antigen to CD103+ dendritic cells in the small intestine","volume":"483","author":"McDole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9975(96)80026-0","article-title":"Developed and resolving lesions in porcine proliferative enteropathy: possible pathogenetic mechanisms","volume":"115","author":"McOrist","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Comp Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.39-6-712","article-title":"Early epithelial invasion by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 in the swine ileum","volume":"39","author":"Meyerholz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11051412","article-title":"Stages of gut development as a useful tool to prevent gut alterations in piglets","volume":"11","author":"Modina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114523002830","article-title":"The probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 influences the architecture and gene expression of small intestine tissue in a piglet model","volume":"131","author":"Montoya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2023.06.010","article-title":"Endogenous mucin conveyed to the mucosa with microbes can assure lumen fermentation and large intestinal securityeswine versus fowl","volume":"14","author":"Moran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70643","article-title":"Long-term ingestion of insoluble dietary fiber increases luminal mucin content, but has no effect on nutrient absorption in rats","volume":"72","author":"Morita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biosc Biotech Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.10.2486","article-title":"Increased luminal mucin does not disturb glucose or ovalbumin absorption in rats fed insoluble dietary fiber","volume":"136","author":"Morita","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins16050218","article-title":"Monitoring mycotoxin exposure in food-producing animals (cattle, pig, poultry, and sheep)","volume":"16","author":"Munoz-Solano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02557","article-title":"Mucosal barrier and Th2 immune responses are enhanced by dietary inulin in pigs infected with Trichuris suis","volume":"9","author":"Myhill","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae140","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with dihydroartemisinin improves intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation by modulating the gut microbiota","volume":"102","author":"Niu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.4.933","article-title":"Dietary restriction induces biochemical and morphometric changes in the small intestine of nursing piglets","volume":"126","author":"Nunez","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.05.013","article-title":"Adding crude glycerin to nursery pig diet: effect on nutrient digestibility, metabolic status, intestinal morphology and intestinal cytokine expression","volume":"167","author":"Oliveira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11040990","article-title":"Differences in intestinal barrier development between intrauterine growth restricted and normal birth weight piglets","volume":"11","author":"Olszewski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4141\/cjas-2014-071","article-title":"Low crude protein diets modulate intestinal responses in weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli K88","volume":"95","author":"Opapeju","year":"2015","journal-title":"Can J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01296-22","article-title":"Bifidobacterium animalis promotes the growth of weaning piglets by improving intestinal development, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and modulating gut microbiota","volume":"88","author":"Pang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.01.005","article-title":"Dll1- and Dll4-Mediated notch signaling are required for homeostasis of intestinal stem cells","volume":"140","author":"Pellegrinet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500005","article-title":"Deoxynivalenol inhibits the expression by goblet cells of intestinal mucins through a PKR and MAP kinase dependent repression of the resistin-like molecule","volume":"59","author":"Pinton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00937-22","article-title":"Increased proportion of fiber-degrading microbes and enhanced cecum development jointly promote host to digest appropriate high-fiber diets","volume":"8","author":"Pu","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2022.e40","article-title":"Protective effects of biological feed additives on gut microbiota and the health of pigs exposed to deoxynivalenol: a review","volume":"64","author":"Recharla","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-006-0161-2","article-title":"Effects of Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the morphology of the intestinal mucous membrane in piglets","volume":"61","author":"Reiter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G855","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00169.2018","article-title":"Neonatal gut and immune maturation is determined more by postnatal age than by postconceptional age in moderately preterm pigs","volume":"315","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13732","article-title":"Effects of different dietary protein levels on intestinal aquaporins in weaned piglets","volume":"107","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.4081\/ejh.2019.3030","article-title":"Mucosubstances in the porcine gastrointestinal tract: fixation, staining and quantification","volume":"63","author":"Rieger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Histochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib116","first-page":"62","article-title":"Comparison of different histological protocols for the preservation and quantification of the intestinal mucus layer in pigs","volume":"62","author":"Roehe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Histochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1445-8","article-title":"Gut microbiota functions: metabolism of nutrients and other food components","volume":"57","author":"Rowland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skad090","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skad090","article-title":"Effects of dietary crude protein level and sodium butyrate protected by medium-chain fatty acid salts on performance and gut health in weaned piglets","volume":"101","author":"Sadurni","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-023-01169-7","article-title":"Changes in intestinal morphology, number of mucus-producing cells and expression of coronavirus receptors APN, DPP4, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in pigs with aging","volume":"54","author":"Saleem","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24148-x","article-title":"Study of mucin turnover in the small intestine by in vivo labeling","volume":"8","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11846","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.21.11846-11848.2003","article-title":"Binding of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus to brush border membrane sialoglycoproteins","volume":"77","author":"Schwegmann-Wessels","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-002-1115-2","article-title":"Differential expression of EGF receptor in the pig duodenum during the transition phase from maternal milk to solid food","volume":"38","author":"Schweiger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020623100807","article-title":"Effects of commensal bacteria on intestinal morphology and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the gnotobiotic pig","volume":"231","author":"Shirkey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5296","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20215296","article-title":"Microbial metabolites determine host health and the status of some diseases","volume":"20","author":"Sittipo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.07.011","article-title":"Dietary chenodeoxycholic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health by altering serum metabolic profiles and gut bacteria in weaned piglets","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032329","article-title":"Release of HMGB1 and toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 signaling are modulated by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Salmonella typhimurium in a gnotobiotic piglet model of preterm infants","volume":"24","author":"Splichal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14030301","article-title":"Antibiotics and opportunities of their alternatives in pig production: mechanisms through modulating intestinal microbiota on intestinal health and growth","volume":"14","author":"Sung","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/66191\/2011","article-title":"The effect of graded levels of dietary threonine on nitrogen retention and structure of the small intestine in young pigs","volume":"20","author":"Swiech","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anim Feed Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib129","first-page":"1548","article-title":"Downregulation of aquaporin 9 decreases catabolic factor expression through nuclear factor-\u03baB signaling ins chondrocytes","volume":"42","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13057","article-title":"Glutamate effects on sucking piglet intestinal morphology and luminal metabolites","volume":"103","author":"Tan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2022.152260","article-title":"An optimized method to visualize the goblet cell-associated antigen passages and identify goblet cells in the intestine, conjunctiva, and airway","volume":"227","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9897","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201900204RR","article-title":"Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage","volume":"33","author":"Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.2.799","article-title":"Intestinal trefoil factor confers colonic epithelial resistance to apoptosis","volume":"97","author":"Taupin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.032","article-title":"The effect of dietary carbohydrates and Trichuris suis infection on pig large intestine tissue structure, epithelial cell proliferation and mucin characteristics","volume":"142","author":"Thomsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507691910","article-title":"Antimicrobial treatment reduces intestinal microflora and improves protein digestive capacity without changes in villous structure in weanling pigs","volume":"97","author":"Thymann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122036","article-title":"Influence of Escherichia coli infection on intestinal mucosal barrier integrity of germ-free piglets","volume":"331","author":"Toth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.63.1351","article-title":"Organic acid profiles in feces of pigs with pathogenic or non-pathogenic diarrhea","volume":"63","author":"Tsukahara","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2020.103996","article-title":"Tributyrin differentially regulates inflammatory markers and modulates goblet cells number along the intestinal tract segments of weaning pigs","volume":"234","author":"Tugnoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-025-01965-1","article-title":"Colonic goblet cell-associated antigen passages mediate physiologic and beneficial translocation of live gut bacteria in preweaning mice","volume":"10","author":"Udayan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23614","article-title":"Preweaning performance in intrauterine growth-restricted piglets: characteristics and interventions","volume":"90","author":"Van Ginneken","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.070763","article-title":"Notch signaling modulates proliferation and differentiation of intestinal crypt base columnar stem cells","volume":"139","author":"VanDussen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0273-x","article-title":"Alginate oligosaccharide-induced intestinal morphology, barrier function and epithelium apoptosis modifications have beneficial effects on the growth performance of weaned pigs","volume":"9","author":"Wan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib143","article-title":"The research progress on the impact of pig gut microbiota on health and production performance","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6500","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28186500","article-title":"Soybean antigen protein-induced intestinal barrier damage by trigging endoplasmic reticulum stress and disordering gut microbiota in weaned piglets","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.11.006","article-title":"The developmental changes in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation, and shedding in weaning piglets","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00042","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri promotes intestinal development and regulates mucosal immune function in newborn piglets","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14081193","article-title":"Phosphatidylethanolamine improves postnatal growth retardation by regulating mucus secretion of intestinal goblet cells in piglets","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6096","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c05956","article-title":"Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SC06 relieving intestinal inflammation by modulating intestinal stem cells proliferation and differentiation via AhR\/STAT3 pathway in LPS-challenged piglets","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.118497","article-title":"Optimal dietary true ileal digestible threonine for supporting the mucosal barrier in small intestine of weanling pigs","volume":"140","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1442","article-title":"A deficiency or excess of dietary threonine reduces protein synthesis in jejunum and skeletal muscle of young pigs","volume":"137","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2024.2335340","article-title":"Vitamin B5 supplementation enhances intestinal development and alters microbes in weaned piglets","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac318","article-title":"Regional epithelial cell diversity in the small intestine of pigs","volume":"101","author":"Wiarda","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2021.h532","article-title":"The protective effect of dietary supplementation of Salmonella-specific bacteriophages in post-weaning piglets challenged with Salmonella typhimurium","volume":"8","author":"Won","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Adv Vet Anim Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9188","DOI":"10.1021\/bi060570x","article-title":"Intelectin: a novel lipid raft-associated protein in the enterocyte brush border","volume":"45","author":"Wrackmeyer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2233-6","article-title":"Transmissible gastroenteritis virus targets Paneth cells to inhibit the self-renewal and differentiation of Lgr5 intestinal stem cells via notch signaling","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s13238-020-00814-7","article-title":"The role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in metabolic diseases","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-010-0538-y","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with l-arginine or N-carbamylglutamate enhances intestinal growth and heat shock protein-70 expression in weanling pigs fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet","volume":"39","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10967","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO02582A","article-title":"Gut microbiota mediates the effects of inulin on enhancing sulfomucin production and mucosal barrier function in a pig model","volume":"12","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01326-8","article-title":"Mucin O-glycan-microbiota axis orchestrates gut homeostasis in a diarrheal pig model","volume":"10","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.16.0077","article-title":"Effects of alanyl-glutamine supplementation on the small intestinal mucosa barrier in weaned piglets","volume":"30","author":"Xing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2005.1011","article-title":"Study of the application of fructooligosaccharides in piglets","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Asian-Australas J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11112646","article-title":"Effects of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli challenge on jejunal morphology and microbial community profiles in weaned crossbred piglets","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ20-0332","article-title":"Impairment of CRH in the intestinal mucosal epithelial barrier of pregnant Bama miniature pig induced by restraint stress","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2015.04.038","article-title":"Effects of curcumin on growth performance, jejunal mucosal membrane integrity, morphology and immune status in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"27","author":"Xun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00962-22","article-title":"Transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection promotes the self-renewal of porcine intestinal stem cells via Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin pathway","volume":"96","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065718","article-title":"Requirement of Math1 for secretory cell lineage commitment in the mouse intestine","volume":"294","author":"Yang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2023.109491","article-title":"Modulation of pectin on intestinal barrier function via changes in microbial functional potential and bile acid metabolism","volume":"124","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1039\/C9FO01757G","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids, especially of leucine and valine, mediate the protein restricted response in a piglet model","volume":"11","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.05.002","article-title":"Dietary high protein-induced diarrhea and intestinal inflammation by activation of NF-\u03baB signaling in piglets","volume":"7","author":"Yin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2021.10.008","article-title":"Changes in progenitors and differentiated epithelial cells of neonatal piglets","volume":"8","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G41","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00017.2021","article-title":"Exfoliated epithelial cell transcriptome reflects both small and large intestinal cell signatures in piglets","volume":"321","author":"Yoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12122771","article-title":"Crosstalk within the intestinal epithelium: aspects of intestinal absorption, homeostasis, and immunity","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020271","article-title":"Single-blind study highlighting the differences between the small intestines of neonatal and weaned piglets","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.17533\/udea.rccp.324926","article-title":"Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide affects intestinal mucin secretion in weaned pigs","volume":"28","author":"Zapata","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Colombiana Ciencias Pecuarias"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib175","first-page":"1307","article-title":"Expression of genes encoding TFF3 in intestinal tissues during weaning in diarrhea piglets induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Agric Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.07.114","article-title":"L-Threonine improves intestinal mucin synthesis and immune function of intrauterine growth-retarded weanling piglets","volume":"59","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13120902","article-title":"Zearalenone exposure triggered cecal physical barrier injury through the TGF-\u03b21\/Smads signaling pathway in weaned piglets","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00689-23","article-title":"Porcine deltacoronavirus infection disrupts the intestinal mucosal barrier and inhibits intestinal stem cell differentiation to goblet cells via the notch signaling pathway","volume":"97","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2023.10.007","article-title":"Essential oils improve nursery pigs' performance and appetite via modulation of intestinal health and microbiota","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-021-00965-3","article-title":"Damage to intestinal barrier integrity in piglets caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.1762","article-title":"Selenium deficiency causes apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress in swine small intestine","volume":"47","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biofactors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab258","article-title":"Effects of iron, vitamin A, and the interaction between the two nutrients on intestinal development and cell differentiation in piglets","volume":"99","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782009005000115","article-title":"Necrotic enterocolitis in pigs naturally infected by porcine circovirus type 2","volume":"39","author":"Zlotowski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ci\u00eancia Rural"}],"container-title":["Animal Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240565452600079X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240565452600079X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:41:32Z","timestamp":1789990892000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S240565452600079X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":183,"alternative-id":["S240565452600079X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Porcine intestinal goblet cells: Guardians of mucosal immunity and barrier function","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}