{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:02:53Z","timestamp":1790125373990,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012453","name":"China Agricultural Research System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010038","name":"Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-42-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-42-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T07:13:55Z","timestamp":1780557235000},"page":"416-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A high amylose to amylopectin ratio in a low-protein diet promoted growth performance and protein deposition of breast muscle in geese"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xucheng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyuan","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Usman","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib1","series-title":"Official methods of analysis","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5009","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.8955","article-title":"Starch digestibility: past, present, and future","volume":"100","author":"Bello-Perez","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117000660","article-title":"Reducing the CP content in broiler feeds: impact on animal performance, meat quality and nitrogen utilization","volume":"11","author":"Belloir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib5","series-title":"Tables of feed composition and nutritive values in China","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib6","series-title":"Laboratory animals-formula feeds-determination of routine nutrients. GB\/T 14924.9-2001","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib7","series-title":"National food safety standard-determination of amino acid in foods. GB 5009.124-2016","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib8","series-title":"Determination of calcium in feeds. GB\/T 6436-2018","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2014.03.016","article-title":"Effect of dietary starch source on growth performances, digestibility and quality traits of growing pigs","volume":"164","author":"Doti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livest Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib10","first-page":"G131","article-title":"Parenteral nutrition selectively decreases protein synthesis in the small intestine","volume":"274","author":"Dudley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Gastr L"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1539S","article-title":"Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and catecholamine synthesis and function in the brain2","volume":"137","author":"Fernstrom","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-54462-1_7","article-title":"Amino acid nutrition and metabolism in chickens","volume":"1285","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey580","article-title":"Effect of rate and extent of starch digestion on broiler chicken performance","volume":"98","author":"Herwig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13030338","article-title":"Protein synthesis determined from non-radioactive phenylalanine incorporated by Antarctic fish","volume":"13","author":"Krebs","year":"2023","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-011-4226-2","article-title":"Effects of fasting and refeeding on expression of MAFbx and MuRF1 in chick skeletal muscle","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2017.07.008","article-title":"Effects of dietary starch types on early postmortem muscle energy metabolism in finishing pigs","volume":"133","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Meat Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117002786","article-title":"The effects of a reduced balanced protein diet on litter moisture, pododermatitis and feather condition of female broiler breeders over three generations","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.135554","article-title":"Dietary starch structure modulates nitrogen metabolism in laying hens via modifying glucose release rate","volume":"279","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102395","article-title":"Different amino acid supplementation patterns in low-protein diets on growth performance and nitrogen metabolism of geese from 1 to 28 days of age","volume":"102","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933915000306","article-title":"A consideration of starch and protein digestive dynamics in chicken-meat production","volume":"71","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Poult Sci J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1071\/AN17296","article-title":"Starch and protein digestive dynamics in low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.169148","article-title":"Using low-protein diet in egg production for win-win of productivity and environmental benefits should be prudent: evidence from pilot test","volume":"912","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13132104","article-title":"Effects of different dietary starch sources and digestible lysine levels on carcass traits, serum metabolites, liver lipid and breast muscle protein metabolism in broiler chickens","volume":"13","author":"Luo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2024.11.004","article-title":"Different starch sources and amino acid levels on growth performance, starch and amino acids digestion, absorption and metabolism of 0-to 3-week-old broilers fed low protein diet","volume":"20","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082288","article-title":"The dynamic conversion of dietary protein and amino acids into chicken-meat protein","volume":"11","author":"Macelline","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2025.05.004","article-title":"Attrition of amino acids in the life span of broiler chickens","volume":"22","author":"Macelline","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.702826","article-title":"Branched-chain amino acids: catabolism in skeletal muscle and implications for muscle and whole-body metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Mann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668808417098","article-title":"Modified assay for true and apparent metabolisable energy based on tube feeding","volume":"29","author":"McNab","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2018.01.001","article-title":"The impact of dietary starch on growth performance, nutrient utilisation and digestive dynamics of protein and amino acids in broiler chickens","volume":"237","author":"Moss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4010001","article-title":"Muscle growth and poultry meat quality issues","volume":"4","author":"Petracci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731113000025","article-title":"Effect of substitution of wheat starch by potato starch on the performance, digestive physiology and health of growing rabbits","volume":"7","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Animal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40242-024-4180-8","article-title":"Multidimensional role of amino acid metabolism in immune regulation: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies","volume":"41","author":"Qin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem Res Chin Univ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00122527","article-title":"Selection for rapid growth increases the number and the size of muscle fibres without changing their typing in chickens","volume":"16","author":"Remignon","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Muscle Res Cell Motil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib36","series-title":"Proceedings of the 16th European symposium on poultry nutrition","first-page":"91","article-title":"Nutrient requirements of broilers for optimum growth and lean mass","author":"Rostagno","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpb.2015.04.007","article-title":"Differences in the expression of genes involved in skeletal muscle proteolysis between broiler and layer chicks during food deprivation","volume":"186","author":"Saneyasu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Phys B: Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfy026","article-title":"The relevance of starch and protein digestive dynamics in poultry","volume":"28","author":"Selle","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Appl Poult Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15080912","article-title":"Immunomodulatory and antiaging mechanisms of resveratrol, rapamycin, and metformin: focus on mTOR and AMPK signaling networks","volume":"15","author":"Sorrenti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082592","article-title":"Physiological functions of threonine in animals: beyond nutrition metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.10.1465","article-title":"Muscle protein turnover during early development in chickens divergently selected for growth rate","volume":"79","author":"Tesseraud","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.37062","article-title":"The high metabolic cost of a functional gut","volume":"123","author":"Van der Schoor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.03.001","article-title":"Nutritional modulation of health, egg quality and environmental pollution of the layers","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/1745039X.2019.1583518","article-title":"Effects of dietary amylose and amylopectin ratio on growth performance, meat quality, postmortem glycolysis and muscle fibre type transformation of finishing pigs","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Anim Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105419","article-title":"Developmental characteristics of skeletal muscle in goose during the embryonic and early post-hatching periods","volume":"104","author":"Weng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-009-0269-0","article-title":"Amino acids: metabolism, functions, and nutrition","volume":"37","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-5-34","article-title":"Dietary requirements of synthesizable amino acids by animals: a paradigm shift in protein nutrition","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8262","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b03299","article-title":"Low-protein diets decrease porcine nitrogen excretion but with restrictive effects on amino acid utilization","volume":"66","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16020189","article-title":"Dietary amylose\/amylopectin ratio modulated growth performance, intestinal health, and lipid metabolism in goslings fed low-protein diets","volume":"16","author":"Xing","year":"2026","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102362","article-title":"Effects of different dietary starch sources on growth and glucose metabolism of Geese","volume":"102","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1080\/00071668.2022.2079398","article-title":"Dietary amylose and amylopectin ratio changes starch digestion and intestinal microbiota diversity in goslings","volume":"63","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br Poult Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0334-9","article-title":"Influence of starch sources and dietary protein levels on intestinal functionality and intestinal mucosal amino acids catabolism in broiler chickens","volume":"10","author":"Yin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00788","article-title":"mTOR as a key regulator in maintaining skeletal muscle mass","volume":"8","author":"Yoon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104581","article-title":"Reducing the dietary starch: protein ratios in low-protein diets enhanced the growth performance of Geese from 1 to 28 days of age","volume":"104","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Poult Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2023.03.011","article-title":"High amylose to amylopectin ratios in nitrogen-free diets decrease the ileal endogenous amino acid losses of broiler chickens","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim Nutr"}],"container-title":["Animal Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405654526000843?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405654526000843?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:12:13Z","timestamp":1790122333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405654526000843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S2405654526000843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A high amylose to amylopectin ratio in a low-protein diet promoted growth performance and protein deposition of breast muscle in geese","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Nutrition","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aninu.2026.02.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}