{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T07:02:06Z","timestamp":1767337326940,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,21]],"date-time":"2006-02-21T07:15:04Z","timestamp":1140506104000},"page":"344-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Concentrations of carnitine, glutamate and myo-inositol in epididymal fluid and spermatozoa from boars"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Pruneda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching-Hei","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergi","family":"Bonet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabet","family":"Pinart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor G.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod27.3.723","article-title":"Yield, characteristics, motility and cAMP content of sperm isolated from seven regions of ram epididymis","volume":"27","author":"Amann","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)43218-3","article-title":"Accumulation of carnitine by bovine spermatozoa during maturation in the epididymis","volume":"248","author":"Casillas","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0560439","article-title":"The distribution of carnitine and acetylcarnitine in the rabbit epididymis and the carnitine content of rabbit spermatozoa during maturation","volume":"56","author":"Casillas","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0720197","article-title":"Distribution of carnitine and acetylcarnitine in the hamster epididymis and in epididymal spermatozoa during maturation","volume":"72","author":"Casillas","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"year":"1986","series-title":"The Epididymis: Sperm Maturation and Fertilisation","author":"Cooper","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib5"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib6","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Reproduction","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epididymis","author":"Cooper","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.10314","article-title":"Acquisition of volume regulatory response of sperm upon maturation in the epididymis and the role of cytoplasmic droplets","volume":"61","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microsc. Res. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.017566","article-title":"Gene and protein expression in the epididymis of infertile c-ros receptor tyrosine kinase-deficient mice","volume":"69","author":"Cooper","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Studies on the composition of epididymal content in bulls and boars","volume":"22","author":"Crabo","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4831-9937-5.50014-4","article-title":"Carnitine and its role in fatty acid metabolism","volume":"1","author":"Fritz","year":"1963","journal-title":"Adv. Lipid Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-002-0805-1","article-title":"Molecular and functional aspects of anionic channels activated during regulatory volume decrease in mammalian cells","volume":"444","author":"F\u00fcrst","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001900404","article-title":"Regional differences in the morphology of the goat epididymis: a light microscopic and ultrastructural study","volume":"190","author":"Goyal","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1990.tb00186.x","article-title":"The testicular and epididymal luminal amino acid microenvironment in the rat","volume":"11","author":"Hinton","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0580395","article-title":"Concentrations of myo-inositol in the luminal fluid of the mammalian testis and epididymis","volume":"58","author":"Hinton","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd1977.26.200","article-title":"Segmental differences in sperm concentration and some chemical compositions of boar epididymal fluid","volume":"26","author":"Hirao","year":"1980","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1981.523575x","article-title":"Concentrations of sperm, protein and a sperm membrane glycoprotein within boar epididymal luminal fluids","volume":"52","author":"Hunter","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod27.3.735","article-title":"Changes in metabolism of ram sperm associated with epididymal transit or induced by endogenous carnitine","volume":"27","author":"Inskeep","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib18","first-page":"87","article-title":"Role of free l-carnitine and acetyl-l-carnitine in post-gonadal maturation of mammalian spermatozoa","volume":"2","author":"Jeulin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0790523","article-title":"The distribution of carnitine and acetylcarnitine in the epididymis and epididymal spermatozoa of the boar","volume":"79","author":"Jeulin","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1000263","article-title":"Uptake and release of free l-carnitine by boar epididymal spermatozoa in vitro and subsequent acetylation rate","volume":"100","author":"Jeulin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1972.343430x","article-title":"Free amino acid composition of porcine seminal, epididymal and seminal vesicle fluids","volume":"34","author":"Johnson","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6297","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)42695-6","article-title":"Cloning of the cDNA for a Na+\/myo-inositol cotransporter, a hypertonicity stress protein","volume":"267","author":"Kwon","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1998.78.1.247","article-title":"Functional significance of cell volume regulatory mechanisms","volume":"78","author":"Lang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)44606-6","article-title":"The improved ten-micrometer chamber for rapid sperm count and motility evaluation","volume":"33","author":"Makler","year":"1980","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(88)90157-X","article-title":"A simple fluorometric method for the determination of serum free carnitine","volume":"171","author":"Maehara","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"year":"1964","series-title":"The Biochemistry of Semen and of the Male Reproductive Tract","author":"Mann","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib26"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1320.017","article-title":"The role of carnitine in the male reproductive system","volume":"1033","author":"Ng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S84","DOI":"10.1042\/bst026s084","article-title":"A coupled enzyme assay for myo-inositol","volume":"26","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0660547","article-title":"Influence of androgens on inositol secretion and sperm transport in the epididymis of rats","volume":"66","author":"Pholpramool","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.10.009","article-title":"Effects of a high semen-collection frequency on the quality of sperm from ejaculates and from six epididymal regions in boars","volume":"63","author":"Pruneda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod67.1.314","article-title":"Organic cation\/carnitine transporter, OCTN2, is differentially expressed in the adult rat epididymis","volume":"67","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1080457","article-title":"Metabolism of phospholipids by spermatozoa and seminal plasma","volume":"108","author":"Scott","year":"1968","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C711","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1996.270.3.C711","article-title":"Cellular and molecular physiology of volume-sensitive anion channels","volume":"270","author":"Strange","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-76-18386","article-title":"Metabolism of sea urchin spermatozoa and induced anaerobic motility in solution of amino acids","volume":"76","author":"Tyler","year":"1951","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Expltl. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-6980(73)80049-8","article-title":"Prostaglandin F2\u03b1 concentration in genital tract secretions of dairy bulls","volume":"4","author":"Voglmayr","year":"1973","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod11.5.593","article-title":"Alpha-chlorohydrin-induced changes in the distribution of free myo-inositol and prostaglandin F2\u03b1, and synthesis of phosphatidylinositol in the rat epididymis","volume":"11","author":"Voglmayr","year":"1974","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/biolreprod\/8.4.504","article-title":"The distribution of free myo-inositol in fluids, spermatozoa and tissues of the bull genital tract and observations on its uptake by the rabbit epididymis","volume":"8","author":"Voglmayr","year":"1973","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02333.x","article-title":"Lack of glutamate transporter EAAC1 in the epididymis of infertile c-ros receptor tyrosine-kinase deficient mice","volume":"23","author":"Wagenfeld","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02274.x","article-title":"Measurement of volume changes in mouse spermatozoa using an electronic sizing analyzer and a flow cytometer: validation and application to an infertile mouse model","volume":"23","author":"Yeung","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2004.tb02781.x","article-title":"Effects of putative epididymal osmolytes on sperm volume regulation of fertile and infertile c-ros transgenic mice","volume":"25","author":"Yeung","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Androl."}],"container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432006000340?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432006000340?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T06:07:35Z","timestamp":1759903655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378432006000340"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0378432006000340"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4320"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0378-4320"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Concentrations of carnitine, glutamate and myo-inositol in epididymal fluid and spermatozoa from boars","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Reproduction Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.01.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}