{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:33:38Z","timestamp":1792164818472,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":208,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,19]],"date-time":"2006-04-19T13:42:54Z","timestamp":1145454174000},"page":"216-236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["The postpartum buffalo"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"A.B.","family":"El-Wishy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(02)00225-7","article-title":"Improving the reproductive performance of Egyptian buffalo cows by changing the management system","volume":"75","author":"Abdalla","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib2","series-title":"Optimizing Grazing Animal Productivity in the Mediterranean and North African Regions With the Use of Nuclear Techniques","first-page":"239","article-title":"Patterns of ovarian and estrous activity and induction of cyclic activity during the postpartum period in Egyptian buffaloes","author":"Aboul-Ela","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib3","first-page":"687","article-title":"The accuracy or rectal palpation and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ovarian structures in normal cyclic buffalo cows","volume":"3","author":"Abuzeid","year":"2000","journal-title":"Suez Canal Vet. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib4","first-page":"51","article-title":"The effect of level of feeding after calving on milk production of buffalo heifers","volume":"56","author":"Afifi","year":"1978","journal-title":"Agric. Res. Rev. (Egypt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.21608\/ejap.1992.120880","article-title":"Genetic analysis of reproductive traits in Egyptian buffaloes","volume":"29","author":"Afifi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib6","first-page":"989","article-title":"Abberrations of the estrous cycle in the rural buffaloes","volume":"60","author":"Agarwal","year":"1983","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.21608\/ejap.1983.128638","article-title":"Postpartum estrous interval in Nili-Ravi buffaloes in Pakistan","volume":"23","author":"Ahmad","year":"1983","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(81)90005-1","article-title":"Effect of month and season of calving on the length of subsequent calving interval in Nili-Ravi buffaloes","volume":"3","author":"Ahmad","year":"1980","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib9","first-page":"66","article-title":"Reproductive patterns of rural buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"Alam","year":"1993","journal-title":"Buffalo Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib10","first-page":"8","article-title":"Reproductive performance of buffalo heifers bred at young age","volume":"50","author":"Ali","year":"1980","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib11","first-page":"485","article-title":"Postpartum ovulation in a herd of Egyptian buffaloes","volume":"53","author":"Ali","year":"1983","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib12","first-page":"37","article-title":"Month of calving, age at first calving and calving interval of the buffaloes in a dairy herd in Egypt","volume":"22","author":"Alim","year":"1954","journal-title":"Emp. J. Exp. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(93)90402-Q","article-title":"A simplified laparoscopy technique for repeated ovarian observation in the waterbuffalo (Bubalus bubalis)","volume":"40","author":"Ambrose","year":"1993","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib14","first-page":"114","article-title":"Postpartum anestrus in Nili-Ravi buffaloes maintained under rural and peri-urban management","volume":"23","author":"Anwar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pakistan Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib15","first-page":"361","article-title":"Postpartum reproductive cyclicity based on ovarian steroids in suckled and weaned buffaloes","volume":"17","author":"Arya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Buffalo J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib16","first-page":"1050","article-title":"Studies on infertility problems in non-descript buffaloes and cows","volume":"72","author":"Ashturkar","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(88)90297-X","article-title":"Seasonal variations in plasma hormones and reproductive efficiency in early postpartum buffalo","volume":"30","author":"Bahga","year":"1988","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib18","first-page":"85","article-title":"Reproductive efficiency and plasma levels of free fatty acids in postpartum buffaloes during different seasons","volume":"26","author":"Bahga","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib19","first-page":"61","article-title":"Incidence of anestrus in Murrah grade buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) of Calcutta Khattals","volume":"13","author":"Banerjee","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib20","unstructured":"Barkawi, A.H., 1984. Prepartum and postpartum hormonal pattern and reproductive activity in Egyptian buffaloes. Ph.D. Thesis. Cairo University."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.21608\/ejap.1993.120183","article-title":"Postpartum reproductive pattern of suckling and non-suckling Egyptian buffaloes","volume":"30","author":"Barkawi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib22","first-page":"125","article-title":"The use of milk and serum and milk progesterone concentration to monitor postpartum ovarian activity in Egyptian buffaloes","volume":"2","author":"Barkawi","year":"1986","journal-title":"Buffalo J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib23","first-page":"49","article-title":"Patterns of ovarian activity influencing calving interval of Egyptian buffaloes in relation to season of calving","volume":"2","author":"Barkawi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bulgarian J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib24","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth Arab Veterinary Congress","first-page":"333","article-title":"Field investigations about infertility and sterility in cattle and buffaloes in the United Arab Republic","author":"Barr","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib25","first-page":"424","article-title":"Status of macro and micro mineral levels in postpartum anestrous swamp buffaloes in relation to soil and plants","volume":"53","author":"Baruah","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib26","first-page":"53","article-title":"Effect of body condition score at calving on postpartum reproductive performance in buffalo","volume":"17","author":"Baruselli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Buffalo J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib27","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth World Buffalo Congress, vol. III","first-page":"646","article-title":"Ovarian activity and reproductive behaviour during the postpartum in buffaloes","author":"Baruselli","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib28","first-page":"433","article-title":"Seasonal variation of fertility in Murrah buffaloes","volume":"39","author":"Basu","year":"1962","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(83)90005-5","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone in blood plasma of postpartum buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)","volume":"19","author":"Batra","year":"1983","journal-title":"Thgeriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib30","first-page":"329","article-title":"The estrous cycle, estrous behaviour and the endocrinology of the estrous cycle in the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)","volume":"67","author":"Beg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anim. Breed. Abstr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib31","first-page":"27","article-title":"Studies on the effect of season on the estrus, conception rates and reproductive disorders in rural cattle and buffaloes","volume":"16","author":"Benjamin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600036923","article-title":"Effect of body weight at calving on body weight changes during early lactation and postpartum reproductive performance in buffaloes","volume":"97","author":"Bhalaru","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci. Camb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib33","first-page":"151","article-title":"Effect of level of milk production on body weight changes during early lactation and reproductive performance in buffaloes","volume":"1","author":"Bhalaru","year":"1985","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Prod. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib34","first-page":"1232","article-title":"Note on the effect of loss\/gain on body weight at insemination on fertility in lactating buffaloes","volume":"52","author":"Bhalaru","year":"1982","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib35","first-page":"33","article-title":"Effect of body condition at calving on subsequent reproductive performance in buffaloes","volume":"57","author":"Bhalaru","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib36","first-page":"189","article-title":"Studies on postpartum estrus in Murrah buffaloes and Sahiwal cows and factors affecting them","volume":"20","author":"Bhalla","year":"1967","journal-title":"Indian J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(82)82358-8","article-title":"Metabolic limits to milk production, especially roles of growth hormone and insulin","volume":"65","author":"Bines","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borghese, A., Barile, V.L., Terzano, G.M., Annicchiarico, G., Debenedetti, A., Malfatti, A., 1993. Anestrus length in Italian buffalo cows. In: Prospects of Buffalo Production in the Mediterranean and Middle East, Note I. Cairo, Egypt, pp. 389\u2013392.","DOI":"10.1163\/9789004684560_093"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib39","first-page":"97","article-title":"The behaviour of estrous cycle in buffaloes","volume":"52","author":"Butchaiah","year":"1975","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(83)81828-1","article-title":"Factors affecting performance of Nili-Ravi buffaloes in Pakistan","volume":"66","author":"Cady","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib41","first-page":"59","article-title":"Seasonal influence on uterine involution and postpartum ovarian activity in river buffaloes","volume":"8","author":"Campo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bubalus bubalis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/0739-7240(90)90038-2","article-title":"Energy balance and pulsatile LH secretion in early postpartum dairy cattle","volume":"7","author":"Canfield","year":"1990","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib43","first-page":"134","article-title":"Seasonal variation in ovarian activity and fertility in buffaloes","volume":"41","author":"Capitan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Indian J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib44","first-page":"3","article-title":"Effect of seasonal fluctuation and parturition on body weight of swamp buffalo","volume":"3","author":"Chantalakhana","year":"1984","journal-title":"Buffalo Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib45","first-page":"155","article-title":"Postpartum ovarian functions and estrous interval in Nili-Ravi buffaloes","volume":"9","author":"Chaudhry","year":"1989","journal-title":"Pakistan Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib46","first-page":"241","article-title":"Postpartum estrous behaviour in NiliRavi buffaloes","volume":"9","author":"Chaudhry","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pakistan J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(85)90080-6","article-title":"Compatability between serum progesterone profile and rectal\/clinical findings in normal cycling, subestrus and after treatment with prostaglandin in subestrous buffaloes","volume":"8","author":"Chauhan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib48","first-page":"583","article-title":"Anestrus in buffaloes","volume":"56","author":"Chauhan","year":"1979","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib49","first-page":"31","article-title":"Seasonal variation, biochemical profile and treatment of anestrus in buffaloes","volume":"1","author":"Chauhan","year":"1981","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib50","series-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Animal Reproduction, vol. II, No. 28","first-page":"3","article-title":"Influence of season on the incidence of anestrus in buffaloes","author":"Chauhan","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0870199","article-title":"Effect of active immunization of prepartum and postpartum cows against PGF2\u03b1 on lifespan and progesterone secretion of short-lived corpora lutea","volume":"87","author":"Copelin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fert."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib52","series-title":"Domestic Buffalo Production in Asia","first-page":"179","article-title":"Use of milk progesterone for determining the reproductive status of cross bred swamp buffaloes and cattle","author":"Cuong","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800016234","article-title":"The phenotypic association between interval to first postpartum ovulation and traditional measures of fertility in dairy cattle","volume":"65","author":"Darwash","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(97)76051-X","article-title":"Estimation of genetic variation in the interval from calving to postpartum ovulation of dairy cow","volume":"80","author":"Darwash","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib55","first-page":"1033","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of ovarian changes in anestrous buffaloes treated with norgestomet","volume":"73","author":"Dahiya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib56","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second World Buffalo Congress, vol. II","first-page":"379","article-title":"Effect of two levels of pre- and post-partum feeding on body weight, milk yield and reproduction in Murrah buffaloes","author":"Deshmukh","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib57","first-page":"187","article-title":"Infertility problems among cows and buffaloes in Iraq","volume":"43","author":"Dessouky","year":"1973","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib58","first-page":"779","article-title":"Ovarian activity and uterine involution during postpartum period in Murrah buffaloes","volume":"64","author":"Devanathan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib59","first-page":"532","article-title":"Postpartum performance of Surti buffaloes","volume":"56","author":"Devaraj","year":"1986","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib60","first-page":"953","article-title":"A note on blood glucose level in relation to postpartum anestrus in buffaloes","volume":"49","author":"Dhoble","year":"1979","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0770001","article-title":"A review of female cattle reproduction with special reference to a comparison between buffalo, cows and zebu","volume":"77","author":"Dobson","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fert."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib62","series-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Animal Reproduction and AI, vol. III, No. 424","first-page":"3","article-title":"The postpartum period and the future fertility of the Egyptian buffalo","author":"El-Azab","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib63","first-page":"399","article-title":"Effect of suckling and milking on the breeding efficiency of buffaloes. I. First postpartum estrus","volume":"28","author":"El-Fadaly","year":"1980","journal-title":"Vet. Med. J. (Giza)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.21608\/ejap.1977.143940","article-title":"Service period length in a herd of experimental buffaloes","volume":"17","author":"El-Fouly","year":"1977","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(76)90170-9","article-title":"Postpartum ovarian activity in suckled and milked buffaloes","volume":"5","author":"El-Fouly","year":"1976","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib66","first-page":"113","article-title":"The postpartum breeding interval in buffalo cows","volume":"20","author":"El-Ghannam","year":"1972","journal-title":"Vet. Med. J. (Giza)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib67","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effect of diet on postpartum reproductive traits in buffaloes","volume":"59","author":"El-Keraby","year":"1981","journal-title":"Agric. Res. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.21608\/ejap.1984.127373","article-title":"Breeding performance in buffaloes and Friesian cows in Egypt","volume":"24","author":"El-Menoufy","year":"1984","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21608\/ejap.1983.128592","article-title":"Physiological and seasonal factors affecting reproductive performance of Egyptian buffalo heifers","volume":"23","author":"El-Shafie","year":"1983","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib70","first-page":"9","article-title":"Estrus, estrous cycle and time of ovulation in a herd of buffalo heifers","volume":"19","author":"El-Sheikh","year":"1971","journal-title":"Alex. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.21608\/ejap.1965.131516","article-title":"The reproductive performance of the Egyptian buffalo","volume":"5","author":"El-Sheikh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib72","first-page":"580","article-title":"First postpartum estrus in buffaloes","volume":"46","author":"El-Sheikh","year":"1976","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib73","series-title":"Optimizing Grazing Animal Productivity in Mediterranean and North African Regions With the Use of Nuclear Techniques","first-page":"231","article-title":"Use of progesterone levels in peripheral blood for studying reproductive patterns of Egyptian buffaloes","author":"El-Sobhy","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib74","unstructured":"El-Wardani, M.A.A., 1990. Heat detection in Egyptian buffaloes with particular reference to postpartum period. M.V.Sc., Cairo University."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21608\/ejap.2000.110694","article-title":"Influence of season and number of heat checks on detecting of ovulatory estrus in Egyptian buffaloes","volume":"37","author":"El-Wardani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib76","first-page":"7","article-title":"Clinical studies on diagnosis of pregnancy and infertility in buffaloes and possible treatment","volume":"11","author":"El-Wishy","year":"1965","journal-title":"Vet. Med. J. (Giza)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib77","first-page":"77","article-title":"Reproductive performance of Iraqi buffaloes. I. Pattern of female reproduction. Beitrage trop","volume":"17","author":"El-Wishy","year":"1979","journal-title":"Landwirtsch. Veterarmed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0388.1971.tb01354.x","article-title":"Reproduction in buffaloes in Egypt. IV. Morphological features of the ovaries of cattle and buffaloes in relation to their function","volume":"88","author":"El-Wishy","year":"1971","journal-title":"Z. Tierzucht. Zucht. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib79","first-page":"211","article-title":"Reproduction in buffaloes in Egypt. 1. Fertility of buffaloes and imported cattle following service cycles of varying length","volume":"17","author":"El-Wishy","year":"1970","journal-title":"Vet. Med. J. (Giza)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib80","first-page":"325","article-title":"Reproduction in buffaloes in Egypt. III. Service period and its components","volume":"87","author":"El-Wishy","year":"1971","journal-title":"Z. Tierzucht. Zucht. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib81","first-page":"39","article-title":"Observations on pregnancy, ovarian activity and genital abnormalities of slaughtered buffaloes","volume":"4","author":"El-Wishy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Buffalo J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.1995.tb01175.x","article-title":"Ovarian function in buffalo cows with special reference to accuracy of rectal palpation","volume":"30","author":"El-Wishy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib83","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Animal Reproduction, vol. IV","first-page":"1978","article-title":"Rectal palpation and milk progesterone to monitor ovarian activity in postpartum anestrous buffaloes","author":"El-Wishy","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0940319","article-title":"Luteal function after intrauterine infusion of recombinant bovine interferone a I1 into postpartum beef cows expected to have short or normal luteal phases","volume":"94","author":"Garverick","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fert."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.188.03.248","article-title":"Evaluating the reliability of diagnostic test results","volume":"188","author":"Gerstman","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib86","series-title":"Proc. Fourth Annual Congr. Egypt. Soc. Anim. Reprod. Fert.","first-page":"79","article-title":"A trial to manage anestrus in buffaloes","author":"Ghoneim","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib87","first-page":"757","article-title":"Assessment of ovarian activity in postpartum buffalo by use of milk progesterone assay","volume":"59","author":"Ghoneim","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib88","series-title":"Proceedings of the First World Buffalo Congress, vol. III","first-page":"604","article-title":"Effect of season of calving on the reproductive behaviour of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)","author":"Gill","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1040173","article-title":"Influence of postpartum energy restriction on energy status, plasma LH and estradiol secretion and follicular development in suckled beef cows","volume":"104","author":"Grimard","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fert."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600046256","article-title":"Estrus and related phenomena in the buffalo","volume":"45","author":"Hafez","year":"1954","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci. Camb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib91","first-page":"35","article-title":"Control of fertility in farm animals","volume":"26","author":"Hafez","year":"1956","journal-title":"Indian J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1053\/tvjl.1999.0398","article-title":"Relative accuracy of the identification of ovarian structures in the cow by ultrasonography and palpation per rectum","volume":"159","author":"Hanzen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib93","first-page":"489","article-title":"Effect of improved management on estrous behaviour in buffaloes","volume":"32","author":"Harinadharao","year":"1979","journal-title":"Indian J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib94","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth World Buffalo Congress, vol. III","first-page":"630","article-title":"Effect of body condition score on reproductive performance of buffaloes","author":"Hegazy","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib95","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth World Buffalo Congress, vol. III","first-page":"632","article-title":"Interrelationship between pre- and\/or post-partum feeding levels, blood constituents and reproductive performance of buffaloes","author":"Hegazi","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib96","first-page":"470","article-title":"Postpartum reproductive performance in suckled and non-suckled Surti buffaloes","volume":"70","author":"Honnapagol","year":"1993","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib97","series-title":"Proceedings of the First World Buffalo Congress, vol. III","first-page":"579","article-title":"Methods of estrus detection for improvement of artificial; insemination in swamp buffaloes","author":"Hovius","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib98","first-page":"13","article-title":"Study of the incidence of reproductive disorders of bovines in a part of southern Karnataka","volume":"9","author":"Hussain","year":"1984","journal-title":"Livest. Advisor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib99","first-page":"361","article-title":"Estrus and allied phenomenon in buffaloes","volume":"7","author":"Ishaque","year":"1956","journal-title":"Agric. Pakistan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib100","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second World Buffalo Congress, vol. II","first-page":"189","article-title":"Reproduction problems of buffaloes in the world","author":"Jainudeen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(83)90025-8","article-title":"Postpartum ovarian activity and uterine involution in the suckled swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)","volume":"5","author":"Jainudeen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.113.16.369","article-title":"Relationship of ovarian contents to plasma progesterone concentration in the swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)","volume":"113","author":"Jainudeen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib103","series-title":"The Use of Nuclear Techniques to Improve Domestic Buffalo Production in Asia","first-page":"29","article-title":"Postpartum anestrus in the swamp buffalo","author":"Jainudeen","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib104","first-page":"354","article-title":"Studies on the sexual physiology of water buffaloes","volume":"37","author":"Johari","year":"1960","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib105","first-page":"79","article-title":"Field problems of infertility in dairy cattle and buffaloes","volume":"10","author":"Kaikini","year":"1989","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib106","series-title":"In the Use of Nuclear Techniques to Improve Domestic Buffalo Production in Asia","first-page":"51","article-title":"Determination of endocrine patterns and their applications in the swamp buffalo","author":"Kamonpatana","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(83)90179-6","article-title":"Characteristics of the estrous cycle in swamp buffalos under temperate conditions","volume":"19","author":"Kanai","year":"1983","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib108","first-page":"274","article-title":"Influence of level pf nutrition and season on the estrous cycle rhythm and on fertility in buffaloes","volume":"59","author":"Kaur","year":"1982","journal-title":"Trop. Agric. Trinidad"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(84)90017-4","article-title":"Annual pattern of plasma progesterone in normal cycling buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) fed two levels of nutrition","volume":"7","author":"Kaur","year":"1984","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.21608\/ejap.1985.122474","article-title":"Individual factors affecting the interval between calving and first service in Egyptian buffaloes","volume":"25","author":"Kawthar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib111","first-page":"13","article-title":"Sexual behaviour and reproductive efficiency in water buffaloes","volume":"8","author":"Kharche","year":"1983","journal-title":"Livest. Advisor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib112","first-page":"143","article-title":"Physiological causes influencing open period in Egyptian buffaloes of hot season calvers","volume":"6","author":"Khattab","year":"1990","journal-title":"Buffalo J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib113","first-page":"4331","article-title":"Patterns of ovarian activity influencing calving interval of Egyptian buffaloes in relation to season of calving","volume":"20","author":"Khattab","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci. Mansoura Univ. (Egypt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib114","series-title":"Proceedings of the USOM","first-page":"36","article-title":"Water buffalo in Egypt. A review of available data on the water buffalo","author":"Knapp","year":"1956"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib115","first-page":"80","article-title":"Clinical analysis of anestrum in rural bovines","volume":"46","author":"Kumar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Indian J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib116","first-page":"175","article-title":"Incidence of postpartum anestrus in buffaloes","volume":"23","author":"Kunj","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib117","first-page":"23","article-title":"Steriltats probleme in der Indischen Buffelhaltung Der","volume":"2","author":"Lensch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Praktische Tierarzt."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(87)90107-2","article-title":"Postpartum reproduction in swamp buffalo cows at two feeding levels","volume":"13","author":"Lubis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib119","first-page":"166","article-title":"Studies of postpartum estrus in Murrah buffaloes","volume":"34","author":"Luktuke","year":"1964","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib120","unstructured":"Lundgren, B., 1958. Report to the government of UAR (Egypt) on A.I. and sexual health control in cattle and buffaloes. FAO, Rome, Italy, 27 pp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib121","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second World Buffalo Congress, vol. I","first-page":"85","article-title":"Status of reproduction in female buffalo","author":"Madan","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib122","first-page":"1","article-title":"Relative importance of some factors affecting performance traits in a herd of Egyptian buffaloes","volume":"46","author":"Mahdy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alex. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib123","series-title":"Proc. Sixth Sci. Congr. Egypt. Soc. Cattle Diseases","first-page":"259","article-title":"Postpartum anestrus in buffalo cows: causes and treatment","author":"Metwelly","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib124","series-title":"Domestic Buffalo Production in Asia","first-page":"167","article-title":"Increasing the productive efficiency of carabaos under smallholder farming system","author":"Momongan","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib125","series-title":"Buffalo Reproduction and A.I., Animal Production and Health Paper No. 13","article-title":"Effect of level of nutrition on reproduction in riverine buffaloes","author":"Mudgal","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib126","first-page":"102","article-title":"Effect of mineral mixture on certain macro- and micro- mineral constituents in postpartrum anestrous swamp buffaloes","volume":"76","author":"Newar","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib127","series-title":"Proceedings of the Third World Buffalo Congress, vol. II","first-page":"737","article-title":"Effect of suckling frequency on postpartum reproductive performance of swamp buffaloes","author":"Nordin","year":"1991"},{"issue":"83","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib128","first-page":"333","article-title":"Changes in serum progesterone patterns during the short luteal cycles initiated after calving and relationship to conception in buffalo cows","volume":"42","author":"Noseir","year":"1999","journal-title":"Assiut Vet. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib129","first-page":"173","article-title":"Some aspects of reproductive efficiency in Egyptian cattle and buffaloes","volume":"15","author":"Oloufa","year":"1968","journal-title":"Vet. Med. J. (Giza)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib130","first-page":"51","article-title":"Incidence of various reproductive disorders in cattle and buffaloes","volume":"7","author":"Pandit","year":"1982","journal-title":"Livest. Advisor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib131","first-page":"39","article-title":"Factors affecting fertile postpartum estrus in Mensoni buffaloes","volume":"21","author":"Patel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cheiron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(87)90091-1","article-title":"Postpartum ovarian activity, uterine involution and fertility in indigenous buffaloes at a selected village location in Sri Lanka","volume":"14","author":"Perera","year":"1987","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib133","first-page":"91","article-title":"Effect of some managerial factors on postpartum reproduction in buffaloes and goats","volume":"83","author":"Perera","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib134","first-page":"295","article-title":"Studies on reproductive performance of Murrah buffaloes","volume":"58","author":"Porwal","year":"1981","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib135","first-page":"852","article-title":"Changes in body weight during lactation in Murrah buffaloes","volume":"67","author":"Prakash","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(86)90109-0","article-title":"Reproduction in swamp buffalo cows after estrous synchronization at two mating seasons and two levels of nutrition","volume":"11","author":"Putu","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib137","first-page":"4","article-title":"Observations on milk yield and body weight relationship with estrus occurrence in postpartum buffaloes","volume":"8","author":"Quayam","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib138","first-page":"236","article-title":"Studies on the influence of mineral, biochemical and haematological concentrations at 5 days postpartum on the occurrence of postpartum anestrus in she buffaloes","volume":"65","author":"Quayam","year":"1988","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib139","first-page":"140","article-title":"Serum total protein and blood glucose levels during pre-, peri- and post-partum Murrah buffaloes","volume":"60","author":"Quayam","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.1999.1025","article-title":"Study of factors leading to seasonality of reproduction in dairy buffaloes. II. Non-nutritional factors","volume":"12","author":"Qureshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib141","first-page":"391","article-title":"Reproductive performance of dairy buffaloes in northern hilly areas of Pakistan","volume":"15","author":"Qureshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Buffalo J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.1999.1019","article-title":"Study on factors leading to seasonality of reproduction in dairy buffaloes. I. Nutritional factors","volume":"12","author":"Qureshi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib143","first-page":"197","article-title":"Reproductive performance of dairy buffaloes under peri-urban commercial farming in VWFP, Pakistan","volume":"18","author":"Qureshi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pakistan Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib144","first-page":"164","article-title":"Buffalo reproduction. 2. Breeding of off season and normal season calvers","volume":"51","author":"Raizada","year":"1981","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2527\/1990.683853x","article-title":"Nutrition and postpartum breeding in cattle","volume":"68","author":"Randel","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib146","first-page":"43","article-title":"Reproductive problems of buffaloes in Andhra Pradesh","volume":"10","author":"Rao","year":"1985","journal-title":"Livest. Advisor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib147","first-page":"706","article-title":"Studies on inter-estrual period in buffaloes receiving A.I. service","volume":"48","author":"Rao","year":"1971","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(82)90162-5","article-title":"Clinical analysis of reproductive failure among female buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) under village management in Andhra Pradesh","volume":"18","author":"Rao","year":"1982","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib149","first-page":"171","article-title":"Note on estrus and ovarian activity in the buffalo during summer","volume":"58","author":"Rao","year":"1981","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib150","first-page":"413","article-title":"Seasonal trend in reproductive behaviour of Surti buffaloes\u2014service period and postpartum estrous interval","volume":"50","author":"Rao","year":"1973","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib151","first-page":"485","article-title":"Effect of climate on the Incidence of estrus, conception and cycle length in Murrah buffaloes","volume":"69","author":"Reddy","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib152","first-page":"1224","article-title":"Factors affecting postpartum reproductive performance in Murrah buffaloes","volume":"56","author":"Reddy","year":"1986","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib153","first-page":"213","article-title":"Effect of body condition at parturition on the interval to first postpartum estrus in buffaloes","volume":"19","author":"Ribeiro","year":"1997","journal-title":"R. Bras. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib154","first-page":"311","article-title":"Environmental effect on the ovarian postpartum activity in the buffaloes raised in low Amazon region, Brazil","volume":"19","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Buffalo J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.01.5","article-title":"Relation among body condition score, milk production and serum urea nitrogen and cholesterol concentrations in high-producing Holstein dairy cows in early lactation","volume":"53","author":"Ruegg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib156","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production","first-page":"410","article-title":"The effect of feeding different energy levels on the reproductive performance of buffalo","author":"Salama","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib157","series-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Animal Reproduction and AI, vol. IV","first-page":"XIV-25","article-title":"Reproductive diseases of the water buffalo","author":"Samad","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib158","first-page":"26","article-title":"Improving fertility in buffalo","volume":"37","author":"Sarma","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian Farm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib159","first-page":"113","article-title":"Some studies on diagnosis in herd problems with regard to pregnancy and infertility in buffaloes","volume":"9","author":"Schmidt","year":"1963","journal-title":"Vet. Med. J. (Giza)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib160","first-page":"209","article-title":"Incidence of certain infertility problems among cows and buffaloes in upper Egypt","volume":"10","author":"Serur","year":"1982","journal-title":"Assiut Vet. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib161","first-page":"29","article-title":"Hormonal profile in fertile and infertile postpartum Surti buffaloes","volume":"20","author":"Shah","year":"2004","journal-title":"Buffalo J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(90)90051-T","article-title":"Descriptive epidemiology and treatment of postpartum anestrus in dairy buffalo under small farm conditions","volume":"33","author":"Shah","year":"1990","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(89)90026-2","article-title":"Influence of season and parity on several reproductive parameters in Nili-Ravi buffaloes in Pakistan","volume":"21","author":"Shah","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(83)90036-2","article-title":"The accuracy of rectal diagnosis of corpora lutea in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)","volume":"6","author":"Sharifuddin","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(90)90826-F","article-title":"Monitoring ovarian activity in postpartum Murrah buffalo through milk progesterone enzyme-immunoassay","volume":"33","author":"Sharma","year":"1990","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib166","first-page":"263","article-title":"Short estrous cycles detected by milk progesterone test during postpartum period in water buffaloes in Upper Egypt","volume":"32","author":"Shehata","year":"1995","journal-title":"Assiut Vet. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib167","series-title":"Proceedings of the First World Buffalo Congress, vol. III","first-page":"554","article-title":"Endocrinology of the estrous cycle in swamp buffaloes","author":"Shimizu","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib168","first-page":"285","article-title":"Estrous behaviour pattern in Murrah buffaloes","volume":"14","author":"Shrivastava","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cheiron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib169","first-page":"23","article-title":"Studies on the incidence of normal and. Abnormal cycling, postpartum estrous interval, frequency of estrus and calvings in buffaloes","volume":"11","author":"Shrivastava","year":"1986","journal-title":"Livest. Advisor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib170","first-page":"33","article-title":"Incidence of anestrus, frequency of estrus and duration of postpartum estrous interval in buffaloes during the non-breeding season","volume":"7","author":"Shrivastava","year":"1982","journal-title":"Livest. Advisor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib171","first-page":"198","article-title":"Influence of a vasectomized bull and balanced diet upon buffalo reproduction in summer months","volume":"25","author":"Shukla","year":"1972","journal-title":"Indian J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib172","first-page":"134","article-title":"Postaprtum ovarian activity and fertility in buffaloes","volume":"32","author":"Singh","year":"1979","journal-title":"Indian J. Diary Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib173","first-page":"55","article-title":"Incidence of reproductive disorders in buffaloes and cows under field conditions","volume":"11","author":"Singh","year":"1986","journal-title":"Livest. Advisor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib174","first-page":"15","article-title":"Effect of season and breed on certain reproductive traits in buffaloes under village conditions","volume":"26","author":"Singh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib175","first-page":"1119","article-title":"Causes of infertility in cattle and buffaloes under field conditions","volume":"65","author":"Singh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib176","series-title":"Proceedings of the First World Buffalo Congress, vol. IV","first-page":"960","article-title":"Effect of month of calving on postpartum estrous interval and service period in Murrah buffaloes","author":"Singh","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib177","first-page":"57","article-title":"Studies on incidence of anestrus in village buffaloes","volume":"19","author":"Singh","year":"1985","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib178","series-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Animal Reproduction and AI, vol. III, No. 471","first-page":"3","article-title":"Some managemental and therapeutic approaches in the treatment of physiological infertility of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)","author":"Singal","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib179","series-title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Congress on Animal Reproduction and AI, vol. III, No. 544","first-page":"3","article-title":"Studies on the incidence and reproductive management of infertility in breeadable dairy animals in rural Haryana State, India","author":"Singal","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib180","first-page":"1010","article-title":"Studies on some aspects of reproductive performance of Murrah buffaloes","volume":"65","author":"Singal","year":"1988","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib181","first-page":"14","article-title":"Analysis of reproductive disorders of buffaloes","volume":"19","author":"Singla","year":"1994","journal-title":"Livest. Advisor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib182","first-page":"1049","article-title":"Reproductive status of Surti buffaloes maintained under sub-humid conditions of Rajasthan","volume":"78","author":"Sule","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib183","first-page":"161","article-title":"Occurrence and nature of first postpartum estrus in Mehsani buffaloes","volume":"13","author":"Suthar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib184","first-page":"382","article-title":"Reproductive and productive patterns of Murrah buffaloes","volume":"36","author":"Swain","year":"1983","journal-title":"Indian J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib185","first-page":"407","article-title":"Factors affecting reproductive performance in Surti buffaloes","volume":"50","author":"Tailor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Indian J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib186","first-page":"376","article-title":"Treatment of buffalo under field showing persistant corpus luteum and cystic ovarian degeneration","volume":"49","author":"Tiwari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Indian J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib187","first-page":"141","article-title":"Inheritance of anestrum in Murrah buffaloes","volume":"38","author":"Tomar","year":"1985","journal-title":"Indian J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib188","first-page":"1165","article-title":"Effect of abnormal calving on the subsequent performance of Murrah buffaloes","volume":"54","author":"Tomnar","year":"1984","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(84)90431-X","article-title":"The effect of days postpartum inodmethacin and oxytocin on prostaglandin metabolite concentrations in postpartum suckled beef cows","volume":"22","author":"Troxel","year":"1984","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib190","first-page":"784","article-title":"Reproductive performance of Anatolian water buffaloes during postpartum period","volume":"81","author":"Ucar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib191","first-page":"469","article-title":"Studies on certain blood constituents of rural buffaloes during cyclic and postpartum anestrous periods","volume":"72","author":"Umesh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Indian Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib192","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second World Buffalo Congress, vol. I","first-page":"161","article-title":"Draught buffalo. Research and development","author":"Upadhyay","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib193","first-page":"265","article-title":"Effect of post-gravid uterine horn on the pattern of resumption of ovarian function in postpartum Nili-Ravi buffaloes","volume":"8","author":"Usmani","year":"1992","journal-title":"Buffalo J."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib194","first-page":"378","article-title":"Changes in reproductive organs and estrous activity in postpartum Nili-Ravi buffaloes","volume":"57","author":"Usmani","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib195","first-page":"259","article-title":"Characteristics of first postpartum estrus in Nili-Ravi buffaloes","volume":"5","author":"Usmani","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pakistan Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(85)90050-0","article-title":"Uterine involution and postpartum ovarian activity in Nili-Ravi buffaloes","volume":"24","author":"Usmani","year":"1985","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00426-5","article-title":"Effect of subclinical uterine infection on cervical and uterine involution, estrous activity and fertility in postpartum buffaloes","volume":"55","author":"Usmani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(90)78826-1","article-title":"Effect of limited suckling and varying prepartum nutrition on postpartum reproductive traits of suckled buffaloes","volume":"73","author":"Usmani","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib199","first-page":"119","article-title":"A note on the effect of suckling stimulus on uterine involution, postpartum ovarian activity and fertility in Nili-Ravi buffaloes","volume":"41","author":"Usmani","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anim. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib200","series-title":"Proceedings of the Second World Buffalo Congress, vol. II","first-page":"206","article-title":"Clinical reproductive problems of buffaloes in Latin America","author":"Vale","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib201","series-title":"Proceedings of the Fourth World Buffalo Congress, vol. I","first-page":"75","article-title":"Prospects of buffalo production in Latin America","author":"Vale","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib202","first-page":"151","article-title":"A study of estrus and its related phenomena in Nanning buffalo cows","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"1965","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Zootech. Scnica."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib203","series-title":"Proceedings of the First World Buffalo Congress, vol. IV","first-page":"955","article-title":"A study of the reproductive performance of indigenous buffalo cows in Guangxi, China","author":"Wang","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib204","series-title":"Domestic Buffalo Production in Asia","article-title":"Influence of nutrition and suckling patterns on the postpartum cyclic activity of swamp buffaloes","author":"Wongsrikeao","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib205","first-page":"65","article-title":"The effect of postpartum service interval and early breeding on the reproductive efficiency and milk production in normal Egyptian buffaloes","volume":"4","author":"Youssef","year":"1988","journal-title":"Buffalo J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib206","first-page":"853","article-title":"Rectal palpation, plasma and fecal progesterone to monitor ovarian activity in buffalo cows","volume":"61","author":"Zakaria","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Egypt. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0388.1966.tb01503.x","article-title":"Some reproductive and productive aspects of the buffalo cow in Egypt","volume":"82","author":"Zaki","year":"1965","journal-title":"Z. Tierzucht Zucht. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod44.3.522","article-title":"In vitro secretion of prostaglandin from endometrium of postpartum beef cows expected to have short or normal luteal phases","volume":"44","author":"Zollers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."}],"container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432006000625?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432006000625?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T06:08:25Z","timestamp":1759903705000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378432006000625"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":208,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0378432006000625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The postpartum buffalo","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Reproduction Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2006.03.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}