{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T14:55:01Z","timestamp":1781967301424,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]],"date-time":"2017-05-18T13:49:53Z","timestamp":1495115393000},"page":"84-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A simple, field-friendly technique for cryopreserving semen from Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Danielle M.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri L.","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura H.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2011.04.018","article-title":"Cryopreservation of bull semen shipped overnight and its effect on post-thaw sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and normal acrosomes","volume":"126","author":"Anzar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-008-9081-4","article-title":"Cryopreservation of domestic animal sperm cells","volume":"10","author":"Barbas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Bank."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2011.12.018","article-title":"Sperm viability of canine and caprine semen samples preserved in a dry shipper","volume":"130","author":"Batista","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.09.003","article-title":"Experimental microbial contamination and disinfection of dry (vapour) shipper dewars designed for short-term storage and transportation of cryopreserved germplasm and other biological specimens","volume":"63","author":"Bielanski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.10116","article-title":"Successful artificial insemination of an Asian elephant at the National Zoological Park","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.20006","article-title":"Survey of the reproductive cyclicity status of Asian and African elephants in North America","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2361(2000)19:5<347::AID-ZOO6>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Reproductive endocrine monitoring of elephants: an essential tool for assisting captive management","volume":"19","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(83)90006-7","article-title":"Optimum thawing temperatures for the bovine semen processed by three methods and packaged in 1-ml ampules","volume":"19","author":"Chandler","year":"1983","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(94)90013-2","article-title":"Survival of rabbit spermatozoa frozen and thawed at different rates with and without seeding","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(93)77430-5","article-title":"Survival of bull spermatozoa seeded and frozen at different rates in egg yolk-tris and whole milk extenders","volume":"76","author":"Chen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0055","unstructured":"Choudhury, A., Lahiri Choudhury, D.K., Desai, A., Duckworth, J.W., Easa, P.S., Johnsingh, A.J.T., Fernando, P., Hedges, S., Gunawardena, M., Kurt, F., Karanth, U., Lister, A., Menon, V., Riddle, H., R\u00fcbel, A. & Wikramanayake, E. (IUCN SSC Asian Elephant Specialist Group), 2008. Elephas maximus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2015.2. www.iucnredlist.org (Accessed 03 July 2015)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(84)90470-9","article-title":"Effects of centrifugation, glycerol level, cooling to 5\u00b0C, freezing rate and thawing rate on the post-thaw motility of equine semen","volume":"22","author":"Cochran","year":"1984","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)59118-3","article-title":"Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa. I. Effects of holding procedure and seeding on motility, fertilizability, and acrosome reaction","volume":"47","author":"Critser","year":"1987","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(92)90076-4","article-title":"Effect of various cooling rates from 30\u00b0C to 5\u00b0C and thawing temperatures on the deep-freezing of Bos taurus and Bos bubalis semen","volume":"38","author":"Dhami","year":"1992","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080250204","article-title":"Combined effects of glycerol concentration and cooling velocity on motility and acrosome integrity of boar semen frozen in 0.5-ml straws","volume":"25","author":"Fiser","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2240(86)90005-2","article-title":"The effect of thawing velocity on survival and acrosomal integrity of ram spermatozoa frozen at optimal and suboptimal rates in straws","volume":"23","author":"Fiser","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(05)80012-0","article-title":"The effect of induced ice nucleation (seeding) on the post-thaw motility and acrosomal integrity of boar spermatozoa","volume":"24","author":"Fiser","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.1080340211","article-title":"The effect of warming velocity on motility and acrosomal integrity of boar sperm as influenced by the rate of freezing and glycerol level","volume":"34","author":"Fiser","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0095","article-title":"Reproduction in Domestic Animals","author":"Foote","year":"1969"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.41.4.187","article-title":"Mechanisms of cryoinjury in living cells","volume":"41","author":"Gao","year":"2000","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2003.07.001","article-title":"Liquid storage of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) sperm at 4\u00b0C","volume":"80","author":"Graham","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.09.020","article-title":"Impact of storage prior to cryopreservation on plasma membrane function and fertility of boar sperm","volume":"63","author":"Guthrie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057616","article-title":"Freezing African elephant semen as a new population management tool","volume":"8","author":"Hermes","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2361(2000)19:5<321::AID-ZOO4>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the urogenital tract in elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus): an important tool for assessing female reproductive function","volume":"19","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2361(2000)19:5<333::AID-ZOO5>3.0.CO;2-A","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the urogenital tract in elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus): an important tool for assessing male reproductive function","volume":"19","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.06.014","article-title":"Enriching the captive elephant population genetic pool through artificial insemination with frozen-thawed semen collected in the wild","volume":"78","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00152-4","article-title":"Basic aspects of frozen storage of semen","volume":"62","author":"Holt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1071\/RD11309","article-title":"Effect of cooled storage on quality and DNA integrity of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa","volume":"24","author":"Imrat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2012.11.003","article-title":"Effect of pre-freeze semen quality, extender and cryoprotectant on the post-thaw quality of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus) semen","volume":"66","author":"Imrat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.110.011460","article-title":"Liquid semen storage in elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta Africana): Species differences and storage optimization","volume":"32","author":"Kiso","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1071\/RD11266","article-title":"Pretreatment of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa with cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrins and glycerol addition at 4\u00b0C improves cryosurvival","volume":"24","author":"Kiso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2795(199904)52:4<445::AID-MRD14>3.0.CO;2-6","article-title":"Simple histochemical stain for acrosomes on sperm from several species","volume":"55","author":"Larson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00673-2","article-title":"Cryopreservation of gametes and embryos of non- domestic species","volume":"57","author":"Leibo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0170","first-page":"7","article-title":"The theory and practice of seeding in embryo cryopreservation","volume":"8","author":"Leibo","year":"1990","journal-title":"IETS Newslett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2007.11.010","article-title":"Commercial semen freezing: individual male variation in cryosurvival and the response of stallion sperm to customized freezing protocols","volume":"105","author":"Loomis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C125","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1984.247.3.C125","article-title":"Freezing of living cells: mechanisms and implications","volume":"247","author":"Mazur","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00674-4","article-title":"Current status of sperm cryopreservation: why isn\u2019t it better?","volume":"57","author":"Medeiros","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0190","first-page":"70","article-title":"Practical trials for freezing semen of buffalo and Friesian bulls: effect of various regimens of freezing, different milk extenders and types of straws packages on post-thawing semen characters","volume":"39","author":"Mohammed","year":"1998","journal-title":"Assiut Vet. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1530\/reprod\/118.2.263","article-title":"Post-coital sperm recovery and cryopreservation in the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) and application to gamete rescue in the African black rhinoceros (Diceros bicomis)","volume":"118","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1071\/RD12129","article-title":"Characteristics of high-quality Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) ejaculates and in vitro sperm quality after prolonged chilled storage and directional freezing","volume":"25","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(00)00397-6","article-title":"Effects of Equex, one- or two-step dilution, and two freezing and thawing rates on post-thaw survival of dog spermatozoa","volume":"54","author":"Pena","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2009.06.014","article-title":"The fertility of ram sperm held for 24h at 5\u00b0C prior to cryopreservation","volume":"118","author":"Purdy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.07.002","article-title":"The post-thaw quality of ram sperm held for 0\u201348h at 5\u00b0C prior to cryopreservation","volume":"93","author":"Purdy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1976.421145x","article-title":"Influence of freeze rate, thaw rate and glycerol level on acrosomal retention and survival of bovine spermatozoa frozen in French straws","volume":"42","author":"Robbins","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1975.411129x","article-title":"Effect of rates of freezing, thawing and level of glycerol on the survival of bovine spermatozoa in straws","volume":"41","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod60.2.493","article-title":"Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx Dammah) spermatozoa are functionally competent in a heterologous bovine in vitro fertilization system after cryopreservation on dry ice, in a dry shipper, or over liquid nitrogen vapor","volume":"60","author":"Roth","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0235","first-page":"346","article-title":"Ultrastructural alterations of frozen-thawed Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa","volume":"29","author":"Sa-Ardrit","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.10.019","article-title":"Skewed birth sex ratio and premature mortality in elephants","volume":"115","author":"Saragusty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.11.010","article-title":"Successful cryopreservation of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa","volume":"115","author":"Saragusty","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(98)00120-1","article-title":"Manual collection and characterization of semen from Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)","volume":"53","author":"Schmitt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(97)00344-0","article-title":"Assessment of ram sperm membrane integrity following different thawing procedures","volume":"48","author":"Soderquist","year":"1997","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1006\/cryo.1997.2048","article-title":"Cryopreservation of mouse spermatozoa","volume":"35","author":"Songsasen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.01.011","article-title":"Semen cryopreservation in the Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)","volume":"73","author":"Stoops","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2361(1998)17:4<311::AID-ZOO5>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Captive breeding and infant mortality in Asian elephants: a comparison between twenty western zoos and three eastern elephant centers","volume":"17","author":"Taylor","year":"1998","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2003.11.021","article-title":"Evaluation of post-thaw Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) spermatozoa using flow cytometry: the effects of extender and cryoprotectant","volume":"62","author":"Thongtip","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-7-75","article-title":"Successful artificial insemination in the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) using chilled and frozen-thawed semen","volume":"7","author":"Thongtip","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0285","first-page":"179","article-title":"Effect of freezing at different levels above liquid nitrogen, with or without a thawing diluent, on the post- thawing quality of boar semen frozen in large straws","volume":"21","author":"Torreta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Avances en Producci\u00f3n Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4141\/A03-123","article-title":"The use of MIXED models in the analysis of animal experiments with repeated measures data","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00099-3","article-title":"The causes of reduced fertility with semen","volume":"60\u201361","author":"Watson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2361(2000)19:5<299::AID-ZOO2>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Asian elephants are not self-sustaining in North America","volume":"19","author":"Wiese","year":"2000","journal-title":"Zoo Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(95)92507-6","article-title":"Longevity in vitro and glycerol toxicity of epididymal sperm recovered from a white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)","volume":"43","author":"Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.01.008","article-title":"Good and bad freezability boar ejaculates differ in the integrity of nucleoprotein structure after freeze-thawing but not in ROS levels","volume":"79","author":"Yeste","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0011-2240(83)90043-3","article-title":"Effects of various degree of supercooling and nucleation temperatures on fertility of frozen turkey spermatozoa","volume":"20","author":"Zavos","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cryobiology"}],"container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432017300519?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432017300519?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T06:35:32Z","timestamp":1759905332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378432017300519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0378432017300519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A simple, field-friendly technique for cryopreserving semen from Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Reproduction Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.05.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}