{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:50:39Z","timestamp":1777899039682,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,18]],"date-time":"2019-11-18T02:55:38Z","timestamp":1574045738000},"page":"106239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Considerations for the development of a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) semen collection centre"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Monaco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.M.","family":"Lacalandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0005","first-page":"4","article-title":"Mauritania\u2019s experience in the commercialization and valorization of camel milk production","volume":"8","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vet. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-009-9400-1","article-title":"A serologic investigation for Peste des petits ruminants infection in sheep, cattle and camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Aydin province, West Anatolia","volume":"42","author":"Al-Bayrak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.08.022","article-title":"Effect of semen collection frequency on the semen characteristics of dromedary camels","volume":"197","author":"Al-Bulushi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224992","article-title":"Artificial insemination with fresh, liquid stored and frozen thawed semen in dromedary camels","volume":"14","author":"Al-Bulushi","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.12.013","article-title":"Reproductive seasonality of male dromedary camels","volume":"202","author":"Al-Bulushi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.03.003","article-title":"Serum biochemical profile and molecular detection of pathogens in semen of infertile male dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"180","author":"Al-Busadah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0035","first-page":"1","article-title":"Climate change and camel production: impact and contribution","volume":"8","author":"Al-Jassim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Camelid Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-019-01803-7","article-title":"Impotentia generandi in male dromedary camels: heavy metal and trace element profiles and their relations to clinical findings and semen quality","volume":"51","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.12.017","article-title":"Ovarian hydrobursitis in female camels (Camelus dromedarius): the role of Chlamydophila abortus and a trial for medical treatment","volume":"77","author":"Ali","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.01.011","article-title":"Phimosis in male dromedary camels: clinical findings and changes in the hemogram, nitric oxide metabolites, and testosterone concentrations","volume":"85","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0055","first-page":"87","article-title":"Relationship between characters of vaginal discharges and uterine bacterial isolates recovered from repeat breeding female camels (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"2","author":"Ali","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Vet. Sci. Qassim. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2008.01187.x","article-title":"Sanitary procedures for the production of extended semen","volume":"43","author":"Althouse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0065","first-page":"180","article-title":"The role of extension officers and extension services in the development of agriculture in Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Anaeto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Wudpecker Journal of Agricultural Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.10.012","article-title":"Development of a large commercial camel embryo transfer program: 20 years of scientific research","volume":"136","author":"Anouassi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v84i1.1461","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors for Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) population in Algeria","volume":"84","author":"Benaissa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.5958\/2277-8934.2016.00029.1","article-title":"Observation on semen collection and suitability of different modifications of Artificial Vagina from dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"23","author":"Cholakkal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Camel Pract. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0085","series-title":"Biosecurity and Biosafety Manual","author":"DAHD","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-017-2461-z","article-title":"Potential pathogens in infertile male dromedary camels and their association with the spermiogram and clinical findings","volume":"26","author":"Derar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jus.2012.02.008","article-title":"Sonographic monitoring of early follicle growth induced by melatonin implants in camels and the subsequent fertility","volume":"15","author":"Dholpuria","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.09.004","article-title":"The importance and potential of artificial insemination in CANDES (companion animals, non-domestic, endangered species)","volume":"71","author":"Durrant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2005.00224.x","article-title":"Seasonal variations in the nycthemeral rhythm of plasma melatonin in the camel (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"39","author":"El-Allali","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0110","series-title":"Reproductive Studies on Desert Animals: Sexual Behaviour and Semen Characteristics and Freezability of Male Dromedary Camels","author":"El-Bahrawy","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0115","first-page":"73","article-title":"Effect of collection frequency, extender and thawing temperature on the motility recovery of cryopreserved dromedary camel spermatozoa","volume":"3","author":"El-Bahrawy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mansoura University Journal of Agriculture Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0120","first-page":"419","article-title":"Comparison of Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin in dromedary camel\u2019s semen extender","volume":"6","author":"El-Bahrawy","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0125","series-title":"Recent Advances in Camelid Reproduction","article-title":"An invention for easy semen collection from dromedary camels, El-hassanein camel dummy","author":"El-Hassanein","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5455\/wvj.20170494","article-title":"Prospects of improving semen collection and preservation from elite dromedary camel breeds","volume":"7","author":"El-Hassanein","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0135","first-page":"68","article-title":"Effect of age and season on the testicular sperm reserve and testosterone profile in camel (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"8","author":"El-Kon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.5455\/javar.2016.c151","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus in camel in the western region of Libya","volume":"3","author":"Elzlitne","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144953","article-title":"Seroprevalence of brucellosis, leptospirosis, and q fever among butchers and slaughterhouse workers in South-Eastern Iran","volume":"11","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.07.004","article-title":"Experimental infection of dromedary camels with virulent virus of Peste des Petits Ruminants","volume":"235","author":"Fakri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0155","series-title":"World Livestock: Transforming the Livestock Sector Through the Sustainable Development Goals","author":"FAO","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0160","first-page":"30","article-title":"A study of variation in semen quality of dromedary camel bulls","volume":"1","author":"Fatnassi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cam. Res. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0165","first-page":"49","article-title":"Effect of continuous female exposition on testosterone level and sexual behavior in male dromedary camel","volume":"39","author":"Fatnassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. R\u00e9g. Ar."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-013-0489-x","article-title":"Evaluation of sexual behavior of housed male camels (Camelus dromedarius) through female parades: correlation with climatic parameters","volume":"46","author":"Fatnassi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-014-0577-6","article-title":"Effect of different management systems on rutting behavior and behavioral repertoire of housed Maghrebi male camels (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"46","author":"Fatnassi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-016-1028-3","article-title":"Effect of continuous female exposure on behavioral repertoire and stereotypical behaviors in restrained male dromedary camels during the onset of the breeding season","volume":"48","author":"Fatnassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.9734\/BJECC\/2012\/1548","article-title":"Integrated impact of climate change and socioeconomic development on the evolution of camel farming systems","volume":"2","author":"Faye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br. J. Environ. Clim. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0190","first-page":"74","article-title":"Camel farming sustainability: the challenges of the camel farming system in the XXIth century","volume":"6","author":"Faye","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sustain. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.07.021","article-title":"Evaluation of the microbial quality of fresh ejaculates of camel (Camelus dromedarius) semen","volume":"149","author":"Ghoneim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.06.022","article-title":"Risk factors for bacterial contamination during boar semen collection","volume":"95","author":"Goldberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res.Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.21451\/1984-3143-AR2017-022","article-title":"The implementation of a HACCP system improved the efficiency of a bull semen collection and processing center","volume":"15","author":"Goularte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.12617","article-title":"Hazard analysis and critical control points system for a bull semen production centre","volume":"50","author":"Goularte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.02.009","article-title":"An outbreak of abortions and high neonatal mortality associated with Trypanosoma evansi infection in dromedary camels in the Canary Islands","volume":"130","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020239515020","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against peste des petits ruminants virus in sera of cattle, camels, sheep and goats in Sudan","volume":"26","author":"Haroun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-014-2002-y","article-title":"The Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius) as a major reservoir of Q fever in Saudi Arabia","volume":"24","author":"Hussein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comp. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-010-9549-7","article-title":"The first report on the prevalence of pestivirus infection in camels in Sudan","volume":"42","author":"Intisar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2005.10.010","article-title":"Prevalence of chlamydiae in boars and semen used for artificial insemination","volume":"65","author":"Kauffold","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-017-1284-x","article-title":"A study on some reproductive disorders in dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia with special references to uterine infections and abortion","volume":"49","author":"Khalafalla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.08.002","article-title":"An outbreak of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in camels in the Sudan","volume":"116","author":"Khalafalla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.09.049","article-title":"The impact of bacteriospermia on boar sperm storage and reproductive performance","volume":"85","author":"Kuster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0255","series-title":"How to Train the Stallion on a Phantom. Proceedings of XVII Italian Society of Equine Veterinarians (SIVE)","author":"Loomis","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0147-55-56","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine genital campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis of bulls in northern Nigeria","volume":"55","author":"Mai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0265","series-title":"Camels, a Compendium. Series C, NO 22","author":"Manefield","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.07.001","article-title":"Resynchronization of synchronized follicular wave in dromedary camels of unknown pregnancy status (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"119","author":"Manjunatha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.03.008","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of boar semen affects the litter size","volume":"120","author":"Mart\u00edn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00136-6","article-title":"Reproductive behavior of stallions and mares: comparison of free-running and domestic in-hand breeding","volume":"60-61","author":"McDonnell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ctep.2007.09.002","article-title":"Starting a novice breeding stallion","volume":"6","author":"McDonnell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Tech. Equine Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-014-0639-9","article-title":"Mycoplasma detection and isolation from one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"46","author":"Mederos-Iriarte","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0295","first-page":"143","article-title":"Bioexclusion from dairy and beef farms: risks of introducing infectious agents and risk reduction strategies","volume":"94","author":"Mee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2015.798-803","article-title":"Effect of preputial washing on bacterial load and preservability of semen in Murrah buffalo bulls","volume":"8","author":"Meena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0305","first-page":"1","article-title":"Updating animal welfare thinking: moving beyond the \u201cFive freedoms\u201d towards \u201cA LifeWorth living\u201d","volume":"6","author":"Mellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2015.10.037","article-title":"A review of sexually transmitted bovine trichomoniasis and campylobacteriosis affecting cattle reproductive health","volume":"85","author":"Michi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0315","first-page":"221","article-title":"Epidemiology of bovine venereal campylobacteriosis: geographic distribution and recent advances in molecular diagnostic techniques","volume":"45","author":"Mishelia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0320","first-page":"52","article-title":"Bio-security measures at semen station of animal breeding centre, Salon","author":"Mishra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Dairyman"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.9755\/ejfa.2018.v30.i4.1669","article-title":"Mating behaviour and semen parameters in dromedary camel bulls (Camelus dromedarius): A comparison between two types of artificial vagina","volume":"30","author":"Monaco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emir. J. Food. Agr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2015.08.011","article-title":"Effects of a GnRH administration on testosterone profile, libido and semen parameters of dromedary camel bulls","volume":"102","author":"Monaco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2016.01.003","article-title":"Effect of \u03b1-amylase, papain, and spermfluid\u00ae treatments on viscosity and semen parameters of dromedary camel ejaculates","volume":"105","author":"Monaco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0340","series-title":"Husbandry Guidelines for Arabian Camel (Camelus dromedarius)","author":"Moretti","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01678.x","article-title":"Effect of Green Buffer storage on the fertility of fresh camel semen after artificial insemination","volume":"46","author":"Morton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0331-x","article-title":"Lactation curves of dairy camels in an intensive system","volume":"45","author":"Musaad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-016-2348-4","article-title":"Pathological and diagnostic investigations of abortions and neonatal mortality associated with natural infection of Brucella abortus in dromedary camels","volume":"26","author":"Narnaware","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comp. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0360","unstructured":"Noakes, D.E., Parkinson, T.J., England, G.C.W., (Eds.) 2009. Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics. 765."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0365","series-title":"Terrestrial Animal Health Code Volume 1","author":"OIE","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089093","article-title":"Could dromedary develop stereotypy? The first description of stereotypical behaviour in housed dromedary camels and how it is affected by different management system","volume":"9","author":"Padalino","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.9755\/ejfa.v27i4.19909","article-title":"Male camel behavior and breeding management strategies: how to handle a camel bull during the breeding season?","volume":"27","author":"Padalino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emir. J. Food Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2016.12.007","article-title":"A comparative study of the effects of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens upon boar semen preserved in liquid storage","volume":"177","author":"Pinart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0385","first-page":"283","article-title":"Sanitary requirements for bovine gametes and embryos in international trade","volume":"10","author":"Ponsart","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12446","article-title":"Protection of farmed camels (Camelus dromedarius): welfare problems and legislative perspective","volume":"87","author":"Previti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Sci. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0395","series-title":"Primary Industry Standing Commitee, Model Code for the Welfare of Animals: the Camel (Camelus Dromedarius)","author":"PSIC","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.56093\/ijans.v87i1.66940","article-title":"A survey on traditional practices adopted for restraining camel in Rajasthan","volume":"87","author":"Ranjan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2006.00727.x","article-title":"Ways to improve the biosecurity of bovine semen","volume":"41","author":"Ruigh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-017-1469-3","article-title":"Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in Algerian dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"50","author":"Saidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.10.004","article-title":"Analysis of hygienic critical control points in boar semen production","volume":"83","author":"Schulze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3923\/javaa.2010.482.485","article-title":"Preputial bacterial flora and antibiotic susceptibility in wrestling dromedary bulls in Aydin Region of Turkey","volume":"9","author":"Serin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0425","series-title":"Male Urogenital System in Abu Dhabi Food Control Authority (ADFCA) Publisher, \u201cA Guide Book of Camel Surgery\u201d","first-page":"99","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.10.008","article-title":"Artificial insemination in dromedary camels","volume":"136","author":"Skidmore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.03.013","article-title":"An update on semen collection, preservation and artificial insemination in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius","volume":"194","author":"Skidmore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)00758-6","article-title":"Stabilization of extragonadal sperm reserves in stallions: application for determination of daily sperm output","volume":"58","author":"Stich","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.06.014","article-title":"Shortened daily photoperiod during the non-breeding season can improve the reproductive performance of camel bulls (Camelus dromedarius)","volume":"195","author":"Swelum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.03.038","article-title":"Effect of short artificial lighting and low temperature in housing rooms during non-rutting season on reproductive parameters of male dromedary camels","volume":"131","author":"Swelum","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.06.017","article-title":"Effects of melatonin implants on the reproductive performance and endocrine function of camel (Camelus dromedarius) bulls during the non-breeding and subsequent breeding seasons","volume":"119","author":"Swelum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.07.012","article-title":"Prevalence of chlamydiae in semen and genital tracts of bulls, rams and bucks","volume":"67","author":"Teankum","year":"2007","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00161-5","article-title":"Hygienic aspects of storage and use of semen for artificial insemination","volume":"62","author":"Thibier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0470","series-title":"Advances in Camelid Biology and Medicine. Keynote Lectures in: Proceedings of the 5th Conference of Society of Camelid Research and Development","author":"Tibary","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0475","series-title":"Actes Editions, Institut Agronomique Et Veterinaire Hassan II. Theriogenology Camelidae","first-page":"79","article-title":"Male breeding soundness examination","author":"Tibary","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.04.008","article-title":"Infectious causes of reproductive loss in camelids","volume":"66","author":"Tibary","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0485","first-page":"133","article-title":"Morphology of the testis of the one-humped camel in relation to reproductive activity","volume":"139","author":"Tingari","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0490","first-page":"167","article-title":"Surgical technique to control sand masturbation in male racing camels","volume":"7","author":"Tinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cam. Pract. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.025","article-title":"Effect of nutrition on reproduction in llamas and alpacas","volume":"70","author":"Van Saun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0500","first-page":"132","article-title":"Management practices for augmenting rut in male Camelus dromedarius","volume":"2","author":"Vyas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2003.11.006","article-title":"Use of real-time ultrasonography for control of follicular activity and pregnancy diagnosis in the one humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the non-breeding season","volume":"84","author":"Vyas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(99)00158-X","article-title":"Prevention of disease transmission by semen in cattle","volume":"62","author":"Wentink","year":"2000","journal-title":"Livestock Prod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0515","series-title":"Infectious Diseases in Camelids. 2nd Revised and Enlarged Revision","author":"Wernery","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-014-0747-6","article-title":"Serological evidence of camel exposure to peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) in Nigeria","volume":"47","author":"Woma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.08.006","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of ram semen, antibiotic sensitivities, and effects on sperm quality during storage at 15\u00b0C","volume":"1-2","author":"Yaniz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.09.016","article-title":"Semen collection using phantom in dromedary camel","volume":"151","author":"Ziapour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239_bib0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-019-01413-7","article-title":"A review of zoonotic pathogens of dromedary camels","volume":"16","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"EcoHealth"}],"container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432019306694?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432019306694?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T06:41:40Z","timestamp":1759905700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378432019306694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":107,"alternative-id":["S0378432019306694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Considerations for the development of a dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) semen collection centre","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Reproduction Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106239","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106239"}}