{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:11:23Z","timestamp":1793124683234,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T22:16:08Z","timestamp":1694816168000},"page":"107334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Low progesterone concentration in early pregnancy is detrimental to conceptus development and pregnancy outcome in horses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"257","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5211-939X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Aurich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Melchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina T.C.","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3604-4836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Gautier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8969-3998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martim","family":"Kaps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4508-3175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svenja","family":"Claa\u00dfen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6077-7362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Aurich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.11.018","article-title":"Early luteal phase progestin concentration influences endometrial function in pregnant mares","volume":"125","author":"Beyer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.04.027","article-title":"Effects of season on placental, foetal and neonatal development in horses","volume":"97","author":"Beythien","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00180-5","article-title":"Assessment of fetal heart rate and fetal movements in detecting oxygen deprivation in-utero","volume":"110","author":"Bocking","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib4","first-page":"206","article-title":"Field determination of colostrum quality by using a novel practical method","volume":"44","author":"Chavatte","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Assoc. Equine Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2014.07.038","article-title":"Antiluteogenic effects of serial prostaglandin F2a administration in cycling mares","volume":"82","author":"Coffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib6","first-page":"673","article-title":"Short-term fetal heart rate variation, decelerations, and umbilical flow velocity waveforms before labor","volume":"80","author":"Dawes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1071\/RD21267","article-title":"Female age and parity in horses: how and why does it matter?","volume":"34","author":"Derisoud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.09.041","article-title":"Factors affecting foal birth weight in Thoroughbred horses","volume":"71","author":"Elliott","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0840437","article-title":"Evidence for maternal regulation of early conceptus growth and development in beef cattle","volume":"84","author":"Garrett","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2022.104127","article-title":"The correlation of endogenous progesterone concentration in diestrus on early pregnancy rate in Thoroughbred mares","volume":"118","author":"Hollinshead","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13340","article-title":"Fetal morphological features and abnormalities associated with equine early pregnancy loss","volume":"53","author":"Kahler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1978.172.03.241","article-title":"Cyclic and pathologic changes of the mare endometrium as detected by biopsy, with a note on early embryonic death","volume":"172","author":"Kenney","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.09.029","article-title":"Morphological evaluation of day 8 embryos developed during induced aluteal cycles in the mare","volume":"105","author":"Leisinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.01.028","article-title":"Altered gene expression in embryos and endometrium collected on day 8 of induced aluteal cycles in mares","volume":"128","author":"Leisinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.06.012","article-title":"Influence of progesterone on oocyte quality and embryo development in cows","volume":"76","author":"Lonergan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1071\/RDv31n1Ab49","article-title":"49 collection of day 7 equine embryos in aluteal cycles in mares","volume":"31","author":"Mak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2004.12.005","article-title":"Effects of time of progesterone supplementation on embryo development and interferon-\u0373 production in the cow","volume":"171","author":"Mann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200212000-00004","article-title":"Fetal biophysical profile: a critical appraisal","volume":"45","author":"Manning","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1997.tb03126.x","article-title":"A survey of reproductive performance in Thoroughbred mares and morbidity, mortality and athletic potential of their foals","volume":"29","author":"Morley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.11.026","article-title":"Determination of heart rate and heart rate variability in the equine fetus by fetomaternal electrocardiography","volume":"73","author":"Nagel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2011.07.021","article-title":"Heart rate and heart rate variability in pregnant warmblood and Shetland mares as well as their fetuses","volume":"127","author":"Nagel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.03.023","article-title":"Cortisol and progestin release, heart rate and heart rate variability in the pregnant and postpartum mare, fetus and newborn foal","volume":"78","author":"Nagel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.772658","article-title":"Collagen and microvascularization in placentas from young and older mares","volume":"8","author":"Neto da Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1071\/RDv32n2Ab61","article-title":"Low plasma progestin concentration during the early postovulatory phase impairs equine conceptus development in the late preimplantation phase","volume":"32","author":"Okada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Fert. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10122249","article-title":"Diestrous ovulations in pregnant mares as a response to low early postovulatory progestogen concentration","volume":"10","author":"Okada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2022.107149","article-title":"Low plasma progesterone concentration during the early luteal phase delays endometrial development and the beginning of placentation in mares","volume":"247","author":"Okada","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-10-0113","article-title":"The effect of elevated progesterone and pregnancy status on mRNA expression and localisation of progesterone and oestrogen receptors in the bovine uterus","volume":"140","author":"Okumu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.02.011","article-title":"Impact of the corpus luteum on survival of the developing embryo and early pregnancy in mares","volume":"150","author":"Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.106.052944","article-title":"Progesterone regulation of preimplantation conceptus growth and galectin 15 (LGALS15) in the ovine uterus","volume":"75","author":"Satterfield","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.11.003","article-title":"Cortisol release and heart rate variability in horses during road transport","volume":"57","author":"Schmidt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2008.059","article-title":"Human fetal heart rate variability\u2014characteristics of autonomic regulation in the third trimester of gestation","volume":"36","author":"Schneider","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.2741\/spencer","article-title":"Biology of progesterone action during pregnancy recognition and maintenance of pregnancy","volume":"7","author":"Spencer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-3782(98)00102-9","article-title":"Fetal heart rate variability and complexity in the course of pregnancy","volume":"54","author":"Van Leeuwen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.01.007","article-title":"Heart rate variability as a measure of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity for assessing stress and welfare in farm animals\u2014a review","volume":"92","author":"Von Borell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1979.tb10592.x","article-title":"Computer analysis of fetal heart rate variation during normal pregnancy","volume":"86","author":"Wheeler","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.01.018","article-title":"Influences of treatment of early pregnant mares with the progestin altrenogest on embryonic development and gene expression in the endometrium and conceptus","volume":"76","author":"Willmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.05.009","article-title":"Effects of age and altrenogest treatment on conceptus development and secretion of LH, progesterone and eCG in early-pregnant mares","volume":"75","author":"Willmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.2746\/042516403775600550","article-title":"The effect of maternal age and parity on placental and fetal development in the mare","volume":"35","author":"Wilsher","year":"2003","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."}],"container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432023001483?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432023001483?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T06:51:06Z","timestamp":1759906266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378432023001483"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0378432023001483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Low progesterone concentration in early pregnancy is detrimental to conceptus development and pregnancy outcome in horses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Reproduction Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107334","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107334"}}