{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T23:06:36Z","timestamp":1777417596366,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,18]],"date-time":"2025-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755475200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014577","name":"International Livestock Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CGL001117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGL001117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014577","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100025292","name":"United States Agency for International Development - Nepal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST-RG-103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST-RG-103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100025292","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000200","name":"United States Agency for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000200","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015815","name":"Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015815","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T15:17:46Z","timestamp":1754925466000},"page":"107968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Determining the best timing of insemination based on salivary fern pattern and its association with conception in buffalo"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"280","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8969-9826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aashirbad","family":"Pokharel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2020-0902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokarna","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shatrughan","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kapil Dev","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mourad","family":"Rekik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deka Ram","family":"Pratim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Padmakumar","family":"Varijakshapanicker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0451-1759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhuminand","family":"Devkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib1","first-page":"823","article-title":"Plasma levels of gonadal hormones in cycling buffalo heifers","volume":"17","author":"Bachlaus","year":"1979","journal-title":"Indian J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4320(83)90046-5","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone and oestradiol-17\u03b2 in blood plasma and milk during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in murrah buffaloes","volume":"5","author":"Batra","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00048419","article-title":"Describing the shapes of fern leaves: a fractal geometrical approach","volume":"44","author":"Campbell","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Biotheor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0377OC","article-title":"Signal pathway of 17\u03b2-estradiol-induced MUC5B expression in human airway epithelial cells","volume":"40","author":"Choi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.3923\/ajava.2012.910.914","article-title":"Seasonal variation of anestrus conditions in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Southern Nepal","volume":"7","author":"Devkota","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib6","article-title":"Reproduction and fertility of buffaloes in Nepal","volume":"13","author":"Devkota","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11072111","article-title":"Current knowledge on river buffalo meat: a critical analysis","volume":"11","author":"Di Stasio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(94)77212-X","article-title":"Principal descriptors of body condition score in Holstein cows","volume":"77","author":"Ferguson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3329\/sja.v16i2.40266","article-title":"Study on the effect of insemination time on pregnancy rate of Bangladeshi buffalo in intensive farming","volume":"16","author":"Hamid","year":"2019","journal-title":"SAARC J. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2013.716-719","article-title":"Incidence of postpartum anestrus among buffaloes in and around jabalpur","volume":"6","author":"Kumar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib11","first-page":"758","article-title":"Assessment of accuracy of oestrus detection by progesterone assay in cattle and buffaloes","volume":"71","author":"Kumaresan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.2010.90193","article-title":"Endocrine profiles of oestrous cycle in buffalo: a meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Mondal","year":"2010","journal-title":"AsianAustralas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib13","unstructured":"Nations, F.A.O., 2024. FAOSTAT statistical database [WWW Document]. URL \u3008https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0144","article-title":"Effects of obesity and estradiol on Na+\/K+-atpase and their relevance to cardiovascular diseases","volume":"218","author":"Obradovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(03)00120-1","article-title":"Timing of final GnRH of the ovsynch protocol affects ovulatory follicle size, subsequent luteal function, and fertility in dairy cows","volume":"60","author":"Peters","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420015072-16","article-title":"Fractal analysis","author":"Rahman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Handb. Food Bioprocess Model. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.004","article-title":"Saliva ferning, an unorthodox estrus detection method in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)","volume":"86","author":"Ravinder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.09-137T","article-title":"A clinical study of anestrus buffaloes in Southern Nepal","volume":"56","author":"Sah","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2021.100528","article-title":"Validation of salivary ferning based estrus identification method in a large population of water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) using foldscope","volume":"21","author":"Surla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.31080\/ASVS.2022.04.0397","article-title":"Differential responses in estrus induced salivary ferning pattern Vis-A-Vis the ambient temperature - a comparative study in water buffaloes and crossbred cattle","volume":"4","author":"Surla","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Sci. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib21","first-page":"94","article-title":"Estrus detection methods in buffalo","volume":"3","author":"Suthar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib22","first-page":"126","article-title":"Overview on reproductive endocrine aspects in buffalo","author":"Terzano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Buffalo Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.14.0259","article-title":"A review of recent developments in buffalo reproduction - a review","volume":"28","author":"Warriach","year":"2015","journal-title":"AsianAustralas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(96)01638-7","article-title":"Seasonal and acute heat stress effects on steroid production by dominant follicles in cows","volume":"47","author":"Wolfenson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."}],"container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432025002076?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432025002076?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:08:10Z","timestamp":1772806090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378432025002076"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0378432025002076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Determining the best timing of insemination based on salivary fern pattern and its association with conception in buffalo","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Reproduction Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.107968","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107968"}}