{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T03:12:25Z","timestamp":1773889945118,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordination for the improvement of Higher Education Personnel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["308659\/2023\\u20136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["308659\/2023\\u20136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INCT 406866\/2022\\u20138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INCT 406866\/2022\\u20138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305650\/2022\\u20130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305650\/2022\\u20130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310932\/2021\\u20131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310932\/2021\\u20131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"Foundation for Research Support of Rio Grande do Sul State","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22\/2551\\u20130000391\\u20135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22\/2551\\u20130000391\\u20135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T16:07:07Z","timestamp":1764605227000},"page":"108050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Estradiol esters are dispensable in progesterone-based TAI protocols for Bos taurus suckling beef cows"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"284","author":[{"given":"Alinne Machado Petrarca","family":"L\u00e9o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2502-4108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiane Pereira","family":"de Moraes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8257-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique Tomazele","family":"Rovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1349-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rog\u00e9rio","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8217-755X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 N\u00e9lio","family":"de Sousa Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0578-8469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Gianella","family":"Mondadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3715-2345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernardo Garziera","family":"Gasperin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib1","article-title":"Removal of estradiol treatments from synchronization protocols decrease TAI outcomes in Bos indicus heifers and cows","volume":"19","author":"Abreu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(94)77216-7","article-title":"Endocrine and neural control of estrus in dairy cows","volume":"77","author":"Allrich","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.04.007","article-title":"Hormonal combinations aiming to improve reproductive outcomes of Bos indicus cows submitted to estradiol\/progesterone-based timed AI protocols","volume":"169","author":"Alves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2004.04.025","article-title":"The use of hormonal treatments to improve reproductive performance of anestrous beef cattle in tropical climates","volume":"8283","author":"Baruselli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib5","first-page":"139","article-title":"History, evolution and perspectives of timed artificial insemination programs in Brazil","volume":"9","author":"Baruselli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(06)72378-5","article-title":"Optimizing ovulation to first gnrh improved outcomes to each hormonal injection of ovsynch in lactating dairy cows","volume":"89","author":"Bello","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.01.027","article-title":"Comparison between the 5-day cosynch and 7-day estradiol-based protocols for synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination in suckled Bos taurus BEEF cows","volume":"131","author":"Bilbao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-3143-ar2023-0067","article-title":"Prohibition of hormones in animal reproduction: what to expect and what to do?","volume":"20","author":"B\u00f3","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(94)00010-R","article-title":"Exogenous control of follicular wave emergence in cattle","volume":"43","author":"B\u00f3","year":"1995","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(03)00097-6","article-title":"Pattern and manipulation of follicular development in Bos indicus cattle","volume":"78","author":"B\u00f3","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.01.003","article-title":"Estradiol cypionate administered at the end of a progesterone-based protocol for FTAI induces ovulation and improves postovulatory luteal function and uterine environment in anestrous beef cows","volume":"162","author":"Bosolasco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.0.1230355","article-title":"Characterization and biological roles of oviduct-specific, oestrogen-dependent glycoprotein","volume":"123","author":"Buhi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.10.037","article-title":"What are the factors associated with pregnancy loss after timed-artificial insemination in Bos indicus cattle?","volume":"196","author":"Consentini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib14","unstructured":"Council of the European Communities, 1981. Council directive of 31 July 1981 concerning the prohibition of certain substances having a hormonal action and of any substances having a thyrostatic action (81\/602\/EEC)., in: Official Journal of the European Communities. Brussels."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib15","unstructured":"Council of the European Union, 1996. Council directive 96\/23\/EC of 29 April 1996 on measures to monitor certain substances and residues thereof in live animals and animal products and repealing Directives 85\/358\/EEC and 86\/469\/EEC and Decisions 89\/187\/EEC and 91\/664\/EEC, in: Official Journal of the European Communities; Brussels. Brussels."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib16","unstructured":"Council of the European Union, 2003. Directive 2003\/74\/EC of the Council of 22 September 2003 amending Council Directive 96\/22\/EC concerning the prohibition on the use in stockfarming of certain substances having a hormonal or thyrostatic action and of beta-agonists, in: Official Journal of the European Union. Luxembourg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod37.5.1054","article-title":"Endocrine mechanisms of puberty in heifers. role of hypothalamo-pituitary estradiol receptors in the negative feedback of estradiol on luteinizing hormone secretion1","volume":"37","author":"Day","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-3143-ar2023-0123","article-title":"Does GnRH treatment at TAI regardless of estrus occurrence increase pregnancy rate in crossbred Bos taurus suckled cows?","volume":"21","author":"Fernandes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.067","article-title":"Luteolysis in Bos indicus cows on Days 5 and 7 of estrous cycle with varying doses of PGF2\u03b1","volume":"86","author":"Ferraz Junior","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13172803","article-title":"Comparison of gonadotropin-releasing hormone versus estrogen-based fixed-time artificial insemination protocols in grazing bos taurus suckled beef Cows","volume":"13","author":"Ferr\u00e9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2011.08.002","article-title":"Influence of standing estrus before an injection of GnRH during a beef cattle fixed-time AI protocol on LH release, subsequent concentrations of progesterone, and steriodogenic enzyme expression","volume":"42","author":"Fields","year":"2012","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4679","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2021-21431","article-title":"Symposium review: the implications of spontaneous versus synchronized ovulations on the reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows","volume":"105","author":"Fricke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3014","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5887","article-title":"Triennial reproduction symposium: influence of follicular characteristics at ovulation on early embryonic survival","volume":"91","author":"Geary","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0870223","article-title":"Temporal associations among ovarian events in cattle during oestrous cycles with two and three follicular waves","volume":"87","author":"Ginther","year":"1989","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/0018-506X(80)90031-8","article-title":"The behavioral responses in ovariectomized cattle to either estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, or dihydrotestosterone","volume":"14","author":"Katz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.08.009","article-title":"Oestrous synchronisation in cattle\u2014Current options following the EU regulations restricting use of oestrogenic compounds in food-producing animals: a review","volume":"109","author":"Lane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3598","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15129","article-title":"Intensity of estrus following an estradiol-progesterone-based ovulation synchronization protocol influences fertility outcomes","volume":"102","author":"Madureira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.01.033","article-title":"Progesterone-based timed AI protocols for Bos indicus cattle II: reproductive outcomes of either EB or GnRH-type protocol, using or not GnRH at AI","volume":"145","author":"Madureira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.01.030","article-title":"Progesterone-based timed AI protocols for Bos indicus cattle I: evaluation of ovarian function","volume":"145","author":"Madureira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(01)00128-2","article-title":"The use of GnRH or estradiol to facilitate fixed-time insemination in an MGA-based synchronization regimen in beef cattle","volume":"67","author":"Martinez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod30.1.159","article-title":"Steroidogenesis by Bovine Theca Interna in an In Vitro Perifusion System","volume":"30","author":"Mc Natty","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9227","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11220","article-title":"Progesterone-based fixed-time artificial insemination protocols for dairy cows: gonadotropin-releasing hormone versus estradiol benzoate at initiation and estradiol cypionate versus estradiol benzoate at the end","volume":"99","author":"Melo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2009.02.010","article-title":"Fixed-time artificial insemination with estradiol and progesterone for Bos indicus cows I: basis for development of protocols","volume":"72","author":"Meneghetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2023.07.037","article-title":"Research on timed AI in beef cattle: past, present and future, a 27-year perspective","volume":"211","author":"Monteiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12060893","article-title":"Differential transcript profiles in cumulus-oocyte complexes originating from pre-ovulatory follicles of varied physiological maturity in beef cows","volume":"12","author":"Moorey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9903","article-title":"Expression of estrus improves fertility and decreases pregnancy losses in lactating dairy cows that receive artificial insemination or embryo transfer","volume":"99","author":"Pereira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5268","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501700102","article-title":"Relationship between follicle size at insemination and pregnancy success","volume":"102","author":"Perry","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-3143-ar2023-0061","article-title":"Importance of preovulatory estradiol on uterine receptivity and luteal function","volume":"20","author":"Perry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2019.103886","article-title":"Effect of estradiol cypionate on estrus expression and pregnancy in timed artificially inseminated beef cows","volume":"231","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(95)00279-H","article-title":"Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2\u03b1 and GnRH","volume":"44","author":"Pursley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2016.01.013","article-title":"Expression of estrus before fixed-time AI affects conception rates and factors that impact expression of estrus and the repeatability of expression of estrus in sequential breeding seasons","volume":"166","author":"Richardson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2023.02.003","article-title":"Comparison of the 7-day CO-Synch and 8-day estradiol-based protocols for estrus synchronization and timed artificial insemination in suckled Bos taurus cows","volume":"200","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.03.007","article-title":"Ovarian follicle diameter at timed insemination and estrous response influence likelihood of ovulation and pregnancy after estrous synchronization with progesterone or progestin-based protocols in suckled Bos indicus cows","volume":"120","author":"S\u00e1 Filho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.02.022","article-title":"Importance of estrus on pregnancy per insemination in suckled Bos indicus cows submitted to estradiol\/progesterone-based timed insemination protocols","volume":"76","author":"S\u00e1 Filho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-017-0211-3","article-title":"Impact of hormonal modulation at proestrus on ovarian responses and uterine gene expression of suckled anestrous beef cows","volume":"8","author":"S\u00e1 Filho","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2012.02.031","article-title":"Effects of two estradiol esters (benzoate and cypionate) on the induction of synchronized ovulations in Bos indicus cows submitted to a timed artificial insemination protocol","volume":"78","author":"Sales","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.5.1403","article-title":"Follicular deviation and acquisition of ovulatory capacity in bovine follicles1","volume":"65","author":"Sartori","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod32.3.574","article-title":"Pituitary luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptors in ovariectomized cows after challenge with ovarian steroids1","volume":"32","author":"Schoenemann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4413","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22618","article-title":"Effect of progesterone from corpus luteum, intravaginal implant, or both on luteinizing hormone release, ovulatory response, and subsequent luteal development after gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment in cows","volume":"106","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2018.04.031","article-title":"Exposure to progesterone previous to the protocol of ovulation synchronization increases the follicular diameter and the fertility of suckled Bos indicus cows","volume":"116","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2024.01.031","article-title":"Exposure to progesterone before an ovulation synchronization protocol increases the follicular diameter and fertility of multiparous suckled Bos taurus cows","volume":"218","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2024.03.005","article-title":"Estrogens improve the pregnancy rate in cattle: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"220","author":"Taghizadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00565-9","article-title":"Reduction in size of the ovulatory follicle reduces subsequent luteal size and pregnancy rate","volume":"56","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8644","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9353","article-title":"Effect of a second treatment with prostaglandin F2\u03b1 during the Ovsynch protocol on luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows","volume":"98","author":"Wiltbank","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."}],"container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432025002891?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432025002891?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T23:42:27Z","timestamp":1773877347000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378432025002891"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0378432025002891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Estradiol esters are dispensable in progesterone-based TAI protocols for Bos taurus suckling beef cows","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Reproduction Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108050","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108050"}}