{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T15:06:44Z","timestamp":1779462404196,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22\/2551\\u20130000391\\u20135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22\/2551\\u20130000391\\u20135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T23:11:52Z","timestamp":1775517112000},"page":"108183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pregnancy outcomes after TAI with cooled versus frozen bovine semen: A meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"290","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9sar Augusto","family":"Pinz\u00f3n-Osorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionet Keny","family":"Bellido-Quispe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ver\u00f4nica Rafaela","family":"Benvenutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar Augusto","family":"Camacho-Rozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwagbemiga Ademola","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Bertolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1071\/RD13400","article-title":"Sperm survival kinetics in different types of bull semen: progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal status and reactive oxygen species generation","author":"Ahmad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1642-431X(12)60063-1","article-title":"Effect of straw size and thawing time on quality of cryopreserved buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) semen","author":"Ansari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2011.04.018","article-title":"Cryopreservation of bull semen shipped overnight and its effect on post-thaw sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and normal acrosomes","author":"Anzar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2024.101410","article-title":"Determinants of fertility in timed artificial insemination programs in beef cattle: predictive ability and risk factors from almost 2 million data points","volume":"19","author":"Assis","year":"2025","journal-title":"animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4141\/A03-024","article-title":"Semen cryopreservation: successes and persistent problems in farm species","author":"Bailey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib6","first-page":"4217","article-title":"Uso de s\u00eamen resfriado e congelado em programas de insemina\u00e7\u00e3o artificial em tempo fixo em bovinos","volume":"8","author":"Barcelos and Filho-Savi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Ibero-Am. De. Humanid. Ci\u00eancias e Educ. \u00e7\u00e3o"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib7","article-title":"IATF em n\u00fameros: evolu\u00e7\u00e3o e proje\u00e7\u00e3o futura","author":"Baruselli","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. De. Reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.053","article-title":"Alternative programs for synchronizing and resynchronizing ovulation in beef cattle","volume":"86","author":"B\u00f3","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2017.10.026","article-title":"Comparison of pregnancy outcomes using either an Ovsynch or a Cosynch protocol for the first timed AI with liquid or frozen semen in lactating dairy cows","author":"Borchardt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1071\/RD14185","article-title":"Cooled semen for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle","author":"Borges-Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.12.009","article-title":"Fixed-time AI pregnancy rate following insemination with frozen-thawed or fresh-extended semen in progesterone supplemented CO-Synch protocol in beef cows","author":"Bucher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(01)00101-4","article-title":"Effects of maturity of the potential ovulatory follicle on induction of oestrus and ovulation in cattle with oestradiol benzoate","volume":"66","author":"Burke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(03)00078-5","article-title":"Estradiol benzoate delays new follicular wave emergence in a dose-dependent manner after ablation of the dominant ovarian follicle in cattle","author":"Burke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020301","article-title":"Factors that optimize reproductive efficiency in dairy herds with an emphasis on timed artificial insemination programs","volume":"11","author":"Cardoso Consentini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(02)00260-9","article-title":"Effect of treatment with progesterone and oestradiol when starting treatment with an intravaginal progesterone releasing insert on ovarian follicular development and hormonal concentrations in Holstein cows","volume":"76","author":"Cavalieri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1997.tb01953.x","article-title":"Premature capacitation of bovine spermatozoa is initiated by cryopreservation","author":"Cormier","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib17","article-title":"Spermatozoa binding to oviduct cells: the influence of the endocrine milieu on the effectiveness of the binding test","author":"Cortat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.02.020","article-title":"Sperm fertility and viability following 48h of refrigeration: Evaluation of different extenders for the preservation of bull semen in liquid state","volume":"146","author":"Crespilho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2012.05.011","article-title":"Comparison of in vitro and in vivo fertilizing potential of bovine semen frozen in egg yolk or new lecithin based extenders","volume":"149","author":"Crespilho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib20","article-title":"Use of cooled bull semen as a strategy to increase the pregnancy rate in fixed-time artificial insemination programs-case report","author":"Crespilho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)74690-5","article-title":"Effect of time of insemination on number of accessory sperm, fertilization rate, and embryo quality in nonlactating dairy cattle","author":"Dalton","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1071\/RD17473","article-title":"Effects of extending the length of pro-oestrus in an oestradiol-and progesterone-based oestrus synchronisation program on ovarian function, uterine environment and pregnancy establishment in beef heifers. Reproduction","volume":"30","author":"De la Mata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.05.036","article-title":"Effect of a puberty induction protocol based on injectable long acting progesterone on pregnancy success of beef heifers serviced by TAI","volume":"154","author":"De Lima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.05.012","article-title":"Evaluation of cooling and freezing systems of bovine semen","volume":"195","author":"Dias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s53","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118000964","article-title":"Understanding the causes of variation in reproductive wastage among bulls","volume":"12","author":"Fair","year":"2018","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2022.107090","article-title":"Use of auxiliary techniques for assessing the reproductive capacity of natural service Nellore bulls","volume":"247","author":"Fernandes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib27","article-title":"Effects of extender type, storage time, and temperature on bull semen parameters","author":"Fernandez-Novo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.7582009x","article-title":"Estrus and luteal function in suckled beef cows that were anestrous when treated with an intravaginal device containing progesterone with or without a subsequent injection of estradiol benzoate","author":"Fike","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0860019","article-title":"Concentrations of spermatozoa in the vagina of heifers after deposition of semen in the uterine horns, uterine body or cervix","author":"Gallagher","year":"1989","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:19980308","article-title":"Reaction of fresh and frozen bull spermatozoa incubated with fresh and frozen bovine oviduct epithelial cells","volume":"38","author":"Goldman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Reprod. Nutr. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00239-3","article-title":"Fundamental aspects of sperm cryobiology: the importance of species and individual differences","volume":"53","author":"Holt","year":"2000","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0531.2003.00402.x","article-title":"Reflections upon sperm\u2013endosalpingeal and sperm\u2013zona pellucida interactions in vivo and in vitro","volume":"38","author":"Hunter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2022.07.009","article-title":"Literature search: Simple rules for confronting the unknown","volume":"78","author":"Jha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. J. Armed Forces India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12750\/JARB.35.4.307","article-title":"Spermatozoa motility, viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and plasma membrane integrity in 0.25 mL and 0.5 mL straw after frozen-thawing in Hanwoo bull","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Reprod. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib35","article-title":"Effect of estrus-AI interval on timed AI pregnancy rates in beef cows inseminated with fresh extended or frozen thawed semen","author":"Kasimanickam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib36","author":"Kmet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stand. Qual. Assess. Criteria Eval. Prim. Res. Pap. a Var. Fields"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2022.106922","article-title":"Sperm function and oxidative status: effect on fertility in Bos taurus and Bos indicus bulls when semen is used for fixed-time artificial insemination","volume":"237","author":"Leite","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.01.030","article-title":"Progesterone-based timed AI protocols for Bos indicus cattle I: evaluation of ovarian function","volume":"145","author":"Madureira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1983.5651186x","article-title":"Fertilization failure and embryonic mortality in parous and nonparous beef cattle","volume":"56","author":"Maurer","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2023.07.037","article-title":"Research on timed AI in beef cattle: Past, present and future, a 27-year perspective","volume":"211","author":"Monteiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1071\/RD14369","article-title":"The impact of storage temperature and sperm number on the fertility of liquid-stored bull semen","author":"Murphy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reprod. Fertil. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016-11646","article-title":"A comparison of semen diluents on the in vitro and in vivo fertility of liquid bull semen","author":"Murphy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib43","article-title":"Improving long-term storage of liquid-preserved bovine semen: Effect of extender, cooling protocol and holding temperature on sperm quality and fertility","author":"Neubert","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2013.01.010","article-title":"Assessment of in vitro sperm characteristics and their importance in the prediction of conception rate in a bovine timed-AI program","volume":"137","author":"Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib45","article-title":"Effect of glycerol on the viability and fertility of cooled bovine semen","author":"Papa, Maziero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501700102","article-title":"Relationship between follicle size at insemination and pregnancy success","author":"Perry","year":"2005","journal-title":"P. N. A. S."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib47","article-title":"Importance of preovulatory estradiol on uterine receptivity and luteal function","volume":"20","author":"Perry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.12.009","article-title":"Effect of sperm kinematics and size of follicle at ovulation on pregnancy rate after timed AI of beef cows","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13142285","article-title":"Influence of equilibration time and bull-specific extender for cryopreservation on semen quality and fertility in German Holstein Friesian bulls: a controlled field trial","volume":"13","author":"Pieper","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2025.108077","article-title":"Suboptimal responses to E2\/P4-based timed AI protocols compromise pregnancy outcomes in fertile beef cattle: roles of ovulation timing and semen viability","volume":"285","author":"Pinz\u00f3n-Osorio","year":"2026","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib51","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evaluation of AIFT protocols with frozen vs chilled semen in Brahman Cattle","volume":"15","author":"Porras-Vargas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cienc. En. Desarro."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0093-691X(95)00279-H","article-title":"Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2\u03b1 and GnRH","volume":"44","author":"Pursley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.11118\/actaun202068030573","article-title":"Comparative study of pregnancy rate of dairy cows inseminated with fresh or frozen-thawed semen","author":"Pytl\u00edk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Univ. Agric. Et. Silvic. Mendel. Brun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib54","unstructured":"Resende, O.A., Alves, P., Fajardo, R.S.L., Almeida, J., Silva, O.R., Mello, M., 2018. Efficiency of cooled semen in the TAI of Girolando cows, in: Ambr\u00f3sio, C.E., Perecin, F., Filho, I.C.B. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Embryo Technology Society (SBTE). Animal Reproduction, Florian\u00f3polis, SC, Brazil, p. 464."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2017.01.010","article-title":"Comparison of fertility of liquid or frozen semen when varying the interval from CIDR removal to insemination","author":"Richardson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107275","article-title":"Sperm head morphometry and chromatin alterations in bulls with different conception rates","author":"Riveros","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119000454","article-title":"Timed artificial insemination plus heat II: gonadorelin injection in cows with low estrus expression scores increased pregnancy in progesterone\/estradiol-based protocol","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2006.07.005","article-title":"Effects of insemination\u2013ovulation interval on fertilization rates and embryo characteristics in dairy cattle","volume":"66","author":"Roelofs","year":"2006","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00137-8","article-title":"Relationship of seminal traits and insemination time to fertilization rate and embryo quality","author":"Saacke","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci. 60"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-3143-ar2025-0035","article-title":"Oviduct epithelium interactions: roles in sperm selection and embryo quality","volume":"22","author":"Saint-Dizier","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.016","article-title":"Metabolic and endocrine differences between Bos taurus and Bos indicus females that impact the interaction of nutrition with reproduction","volume":"86","author":"Sartori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100769","article-title":"Manipulation of follicle development to improve fertility of cattle in timed-artificial insemination programs","volume":"17","author":"Sartori","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13121","article-title":"Investigation of in vitro measurable sperm attributes and their influence on electroejaculated bull semen with a fixed-time artificial insemination protocol in Australian Bos indicus cattle","volume":"53","author":"Satake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1983.5661261x","article-title":"Influence of cooling rates and extenders upon post-thaw viability of bovine spermatozoa packaged in. 25-and. 5-mL French straws","author":"Senger","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2023.09.001","article-title":"Semen quality of Nellore and Angus bulls classified by fertility indices and relations with field fertility in fixed-time artificial insemination","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2025-27057","article-title":"Predicting sire fertility in artificial insemination of dairy cows by the ability of spermatozoa to bind to oviduct cell aggregates","author":"Silva","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2009-2304","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome after insemination of frozen-thawed bovine semen packaged in two straw sizes: a meta-analysis","author":"Stevenson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.10.021","article-title":"Membrane remodulation and hyperactivation are impaired in frozen-thawed sperm of low-fertility bulls","author":"\u0160tiavnick\u00e1","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2019-130","article-title":"An investigation of the time period within which frozen-thawed semen delivers a high conception rate in lactating dairy cows","volume":"66","author":"Sumiyoshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib70","article-title":"Timing of artificial insemination using fresh or frozen semen after automated activity monitoring of estrus in lactating dairy cows","author":"Tippenhauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13918","article-title":"Probability of pregnancy to artificial insemination either after detected oestrus or at a fixed time in dairy cows: influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in a large-scale, on-farm study","volume":"56","author":"Ungerfeld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(99)00195-8","article-title":"Synchronization rate, size of the ovulatory follicle, and pregnancy rate after synchronization of ovulation beginning on different days of the estrous cycle in lactating dairy cows","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00153-6","article-title":"Storage of bovine semen in liquid and frozen state","volume":"62","author":"Vishwanath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00099-3","article-title":"The causes of reduced fertility with cryopreserved semen","author":"Watson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2023.01.012","article-title":"Effect of using liquid semen on fertility in German Holstein Friesian dairy cattle: a randomized controlled clinical trial","author":"Wiebke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2018.01.004","article-title":"Application of liquid semen technology under the seasonal dairy production system in New Zealand","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."}],"container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432026000862?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432026000862?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T14:34:04Z","timestamp":1779460444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378432026000862"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":76,"alternative-id":["S0378432026000862"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pregnancy outcomes after TAI with cooled versus frozen bovine semen: A meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Reproduction Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108183","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108183"}}