{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T20:29:46Z","timestamp":1793478586106,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013674","name":"Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A and M University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Start-up funds to C. H-A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Start-up funds to C. H-A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004913","name":"Texas A&M AgriLife Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T14:56:42Z","timestamp":1788188202000},"page":"108321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Factors influencing post-thaw quality of stallion spermatozoa: Reassessing the role of penetrating cryoprotectants (CPAs)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"294","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7449-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Avil\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarred B.","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6771-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Zhidkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Jolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles C.","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Ag\u00e1mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2012.00056.x","article-title":"On methods for the detection of reactive oxygen species generation by human spermatozoa: analysis of the cellular responses to catechol oestrogen, lipid aldehyde, menadione and arachidonic acid","volume":"1","author":"Aitken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib2","first-page":"74","article-title":"The use of alternative cryoprotectors for freezing stallion semen","volume":"12","author":"Alvarenga","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.07.001","article-title":"Amides as cryoprotectants for freezing stallion semen: a review","volume":"89","author":"Alvarenga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10061033","article-title":"Efficiency of semen cryopreservation in stallions","volume":"10","author":"Aurich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2001.tb03446.x","article-title":"Osmotic tolerance of equine spermatozoa and the effects of soluble cryoprotectants on equine sperm motility, viability, and mitochondrial membrane potential","volume":"22","author":"Ball","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/ani16010021","article-title":"The impact of precisely controlled pre-freeze cooling rates on post-thaw stallion sperm","volume":"16","author":"Bitton","year":"2026","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2009.05.014","article-title":"Osmotic stress stimulates generation of superoxide anion by spermatozoa in horses","volume":"117","author":"Burnaugh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09413","article-title":"Pannexin 1 channels mediate \u2018find-me\u2019 signal release and membrane permeability during apoptosis","volume":"467","author":"Chekeni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2007.08.014","article-title":"A comparison between freezing methods for the cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa","volume":"108","author":"Clulow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2008.05.093","article-title":"Validation of a commercially available fluorescence-based instrument to evaluate stallion spermatozoal concentration","volume":"107","author":"Commerford","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.082","article-title":"Mitochodrial oxygen consumption is a unique indicator of stallion spermatozoal health and varies with cryopreservation media","volume":"86","author":"Darr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.02.012","article-title":"Comparison of methods for assessing integrity of equine sperm membranes","volume":"76","author":"Foster","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.54680\/fr23410110412","article-title":"A. S. Varela Jr. Freezing of equine semen is influenced by exposure time and concentration of the cryoprotectant glycerol","volume":"44","author":"Fracaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cryoletters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0191","article-title":"Phosphorylated AKT preserves stallion sperm viability and motility by inhibiting caspases 3 and 7","volume":"148","author":"Gallardo Bola\u00f1os","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.1994.tb00510.x","article-title":"Dual DNA staining assessment of bovine sperm viability using SYBR-14 and propidium iodide","volume":"15","author":"Garner","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod34.1.127","article-title":"Assessment of spermatozoal function using dual fluorescent staining and flow cytometric analyses","volume":"34","author":"Garner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.01.013","article-title":"Dimethyl formamide improves the postthaw characteristics of sex-sorted and nonsorted stallion sperm","volume":"79","author":"Gibb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2009.07.009","article-title":"Osmotic tolerance limits and membrane permeability characteristics of stallion spermatozoa treated with cholesterol","volume":"59","author":"Glazar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cryobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib19","first-page":"307","article-title":"Evaluation of alternative cryoprotectants for preserving stallion spermatozoa","author":"Graham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Int. Conf. Anim. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.1996.tb01589.x","article-title":"Factors affecting motion characteristics of frozen-thawed stallion spermatozoa","volume":"28","author":"Heitland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10832","DOI":"10.58292\/CT.v16.10832","article-title":"Stallion sperm cryopreservation: concepts in cryopreservation-induced sperm damage, processing, analysis, and utilization in assisted reproductive technologies","volume":"16","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Avil\u00e9s","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Therio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2022.107162","article-title":"Effects of egg yolk level, penetrating cryoprotectant, and pre-freeze cooling rate, on the post-thaw quality of stallion sperm","volume":"248","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Avil\u00e9s","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2024.01.039","article-title":"Factors affecting the analysis and interpretation of sperm quality in frozen\/thawed stallion semen","volume":"218","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Avil\u00e9s","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2025.117373","article-title":"Results of the \u201ctest-freeze\u201d approach in a commercial program of stallion sperm cryopreservation and the relationship between pre-freeze sperm quality and \u201cfreezability\u201d","volume":"238","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Avil\u00e9s","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2011.03.001","article-title":"Optimal concentrations of cryoprotective agents for semen from stallions that are classified as \u2018good\u2019 or \u2018poor\u2019 for freezing","volume":"125","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03547671","article-title":"Assessment of sperm viability by measurement of ATP, membrane integrity and motility in frozen\/thawed bull semen","volume":"36","author":"Januskauskas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib27","first-page":"649","article-title":"Pregancy rates utilizing fresh, cooled and frozen-thawed semen","volume":"38","author":"Jasko","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Assoc. Equine Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib28","series-title":"Society for Theriogenology Manual","first-page":"100","article-title":"Clinical fertility evaluation of the stallion","author":"Kenney","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib29","first-page":"107","article-title":"Results of insemination of mares with fresh and frozen stallion semen","volume":"23","author":"Klug","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3199","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2616","article-title":"Significance of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in the generation of oxidative stress in spermatozoa","volume":"93","author":"Koppers","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(01)00156-7","article-title":"The equine frozen semen industry","volume":"68","author":"Loomis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib32","first-page":"142","article-title":"Motion characteristicis of frozen-thawed equine spermatozoa packaged in 0.5 mL straws at various concentrations","author":"Loomis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Therio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2007.11.010","article-title":"Commercial semen freezing: individual male variation in cryosurvival and the response of stallion sperm to customized freezing protocols","volume":"105","author":"Loomis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(98)00199-X","article-title":"The relationship of increased susceptibility of sperm DNA to denaturation and fertility in the stallion","volume":"50","author":"Love","year":"1998","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.10.033","article-title":"Toxicity of glycerol for the stallion spermatozoa: effects on membrane integrity and cytoskeleton, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial membrane potential","volume":"77","author":"Mac\u00edas Garc\u00eda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib36","first-page":"143","article-title":"Depletion of intracellular thiols and increased production of 4-hydroxynonenal that occur during cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa lead to caspase activation, loss of motility, and cell death","volume":"93","author":"Mart\u00edn Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn-Cano, F.E., Gaitskell-Phillips, G., Ort\u00edz-Rodr\u00edguez, J.M., Silva-Rodr\u00edguez, A., Rom\u00e1n, A., Rojo-Dom\u00ednguez, P., Alonso-Rodr\u00edguez, E., Tapia, J.A., Gil, M.C., Ortega-Ferrusola, C., Pe\u00f1a, F.J., 2020. Prote Profil. Stallion spermatozoa Suggests Chang. sperm Metab. compromised Redox Regul. Cryopreserv. J. Proteom.22110376510.1016\/j.prot.2020.103765.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2020.103765"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9020022","article-title":"Centrifugation force and time alter CASA parameters and oxidative status of cryopreserved stallion sperm","volume":"27","author":"Marzano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)00898-1","article-title":"Cryopreservation of stallion sperm using different amides","volume":"58","author":"Medeiros","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib40","first-page":"42","article-title":"Comparison of dimethyl formamide and glycerol for cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa","author":"Moffett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Therio."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2012.02005.x","article-title":"Dimethylformamide improves the in vitro characteristics of thawed stallion spermatozoa reducing sublethal damage","volume":"47","author":"Morillo-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod. Dom. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib42","first-page":"47","article-title":"Fertility of frozen equine semen","volume":"32","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib43","first-page":"121","article-title":"Practicalities of insemination of mares with deep-frozen semen","volume":"35","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2008.04.010","article-title":"Effects of sperm concentration and straw volume on motion characteristics and plasma, acrosomal, and mitochondrial membranes of equine cryopreserved spermatozoa","volume":"28","author":"Nascimento","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2017.0061","article-title":"Stallion sperm cryopreservation using various permeating agents: interplay between concentration and cooling rate","volume":"15","author":"Oldenhof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biopresev. Biobank."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12419","article-title":"Stallion spermatozoa surving freezing and thawing experience membrane depolarization and increased intracellular Na+","volume":"5","author":"Ortega Ferrusola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-08-0484","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation, assessed with BODIPY-C11, increases after cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa, is stallion-dependent and is related to apoptotic-like changes","volume":"138","author":"Ortega Ferrusola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.107.003640","article-title":"Detection of \u201capoptosis-like\u201d changes during the cryopreservation process in equine sperm","volume":"29","author":"Ortega Ferrusola","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F135","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-22-0264","article-title":"Oxidative stress and the long-term storage of horse spermatozoa","volume":"164","author":"Pe\u00f1a","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib50","series-title":"Equine Reproduction","first-page":"769","article-title":"Cryopreservation of semen","author":"Pickett","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)01039-7","article-title":"The role of osmotic resistance on equine spermatozoal function","volume":"58","author":"Pommer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2011.02.016","article-title":"Effect of cryopreservation protocol on postthaw characteristics of stallion sperm","volume":"76","author":"Salazar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib53","first-page":"107","article-title":"Relationship between the fertility of fresh and frozen stallion semen and semen quality","volume":"44","author":"Samper","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(98)00039-9","article-title":"Current methods for stallion semen cryopreservation: a survey","volume":"49","author":"Samper","year":"1998","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2025.117418","article-title":"Effect of pre-freeze sperm concentration, freezing extender, and epididymal flushing technique on post-thaw quality of cryopreserved epididymal stallion sperm","volume":"241","author":"Spacek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3292.2006.tb00425.x","article-title":"Retrospective study of factors affecting fertility of fresh, cooled, and frozen semen","volume":"18","author":"Squires","year":"2006","journal-title":"Equine Vet. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2003.12.024","article-title":"Evaluation of alternative cryoprotectants for preserving stallion spermatozoa","volume":"62","author":"Squires","year":"2004","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib58","first-page":"53","article-title":"Evaluation of deep-frozen semen in stallions","volume":"27","author":"Tischner","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.07.003","article-title":"French field results (1985 \u2013 2005) on factors affecting fertility of frozen stallion semen","volume":"89","author":"Vidament","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(02)00854-3","article-title":"Motility and fertility of stallion semen frozen with glycerol and\/or dimethylformamide","volume":"58","author":"Vidament","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.04.047","article-title":"Factors impacting equine sperm recovery rate and quality following cushioned centrifugation","volume":"70","author":"Waite","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2003.12.004","article-title":"Step-wise dilution for removal of glycerol from fresh and cryopreserved equine spermatozoa","volume":"84","author":"Wessel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2015.09.020","article-title":"Cryopreservation of stallion spermatozoa using different cryoprotectants and combinations of cryoprotectants","volume":"163","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."}],"container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432026002241?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432026002241?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T19:41:11Z","timestamp":1793475671000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378432026002241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0378432026002241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Factors influencing post-thaw quality of stallion spermatozoa: Reassessing the role of penetrating cryoprotectants (CPAs)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Reproduction Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108321","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108321"}}