{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T20:29:36Z","timestamp":1793478576731,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:03:12Z","timestamp":1791356592000},"page":"108350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Copper nanoparticles as a precision nutrition strategy to enhance reproductive resilience and in vitro sperm fertilizing capacity in heat stressed breeding bulls"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"294","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Afzal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naima","family":"Mahreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib1","article-title":"Current prospects of nanotechnology uses in animal production and its future scenario","volume":"74","author":"Abbas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pak. J. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030652","article-title":"Copper oxide nanoparticles alter serum biochemical indices, induce histopathological alterations, and modulate transcription of cytokines, HSP70, and oxidative stress genes in Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"11","author":"Abdel-Latif","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2025.107588","article-title":"Copper nanoparticles as a strategic nutritional intervention to enhance periparturient health, immunity and productivity in heat-stressed goats","author":"Afzal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2026.104473","article-title":"Biological responses to heat stress in livestock: from thermoregulation to cellular and epigenetic adaptation","author":"Afzal","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1375137","article-title":"Emerging insights into the impacts of heavy metals exposure on health, reproductive and productive performance of livestock","volume":"15","author":"Afzal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"74","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib6","first-page":"62","article-title":"AOAC. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists","volume":"26","author":"Agroindustriais","year":"2013","journal-title":"Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o Propaga\u00e7\u00e3o E Melhor. Gen. \u00e9tico De. Pitaya Comer. E Nativ. Do Cerrado"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.05.010","article-title":"Semen quality parameters as fertility predictors of water buffalo bull spermatozoa during low-breeding season","volume":"86","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib8","first-page":"1140","article-title":"Copper status in soil, forage, and serum and its association with blood parameters in river\/water buffalo in Babylon Province","volume":"13","author":"Al-Wasmee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iraqi J. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-022-09982-9","article-title":"Trace mineral mixture supplemented to in vitro maturation medium improves subsequent embryo development and embryo quality in cattle","volume":"46","author":"Anchordoquy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39945","DOI":"10.31083\/FBL39945","article-title":"Nanoantioxidants and their potential use in the management of oxidative stress-associated male infertility","volume":"30","author":"Bakhtiary","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.aavs\/2020\/8.6.601.607","article-title":"Season induced changes in seminal characteristics of Sahiwal breeding bulls","volume":"8","author":"Bhutta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14081013","article-title":"The role of antioxidants in male fertility: a comprehensive review of mechanisms and clinical applications","volume":"14","author":"Bouhadana","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12080975","article-title":"Impact of heat stress on bovine sperm quality and competence","volume":"12","author":"Capela","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2015.10.022","article-title":"Physiological and thermographic response to heat stress in zebu cattle","volume":"182","author":"Cardoso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Livest. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10030225","article-title":"Effect of supplementing vitamin E, selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese during the transition period on dairy cow reproductive performance and immune function","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(01)00320-7","article-title":"Effects of the immune system on metabolism: implications for production and disease resistance in livestock","volume":"75","author":"Colditz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.32819\/2025.13009","article-title":"The effect of chronic heat stress on the mechanisms of nonspecific resistance in lactating cows with vary performance level","volume":"13","author":"Danchuk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.21887\/ijvsbt.17.1.10","article-title":"Effect of heat stress on sperm production, oxidative markers and their association in native breeding bulls","volume":"17","author":"Dhami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian. J. Vet. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-021-02915-9","article-title":"Copper: benefits and risks for poultry, livestock, and fish production","volume":"53","author":"El Sabry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of supplementing zinc nanoparticle on testicular blood flow, testicular morphometry, reproductive hormone profiles and NO level in native goats","author":"El-Maaty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-022-09991-8","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 supplementation enhances testicular volume and hemodynamics, reproductive hormones, sperm quality, and seminal antioxidant capacity in goat bucks under summer hot humid conditions","volume":"46","author":"El-Sherbiny","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2022.2106992","article-title":"The effects of green synthesized anionic cupric oxide nanoparticles on Zaraibi goat spermatozoa during cryopreservation with and without removal of seminal plasma","volume":"34","author":"Elshamy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.015","article-title":"A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation","volume":"37","author":"Erel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-024-10634-3","article-title":"Effect of administration of nanoparticles of human chorionic gonadotropin on testicular hemodynamics, testicular volume, testicular echotexture, and circulating testosterone and nitric oxide in pubescent goat bucks under heat stress conditions","volume":"49","author":"Essam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2002.tb02599.x","article-title":"Sperm chromatin structure assay: its clinical use for detecting sperm DNA fragmentation in male infertility and comparisons with other techniques","volume":"23","author":"Evenson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Androl."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.14096","article-title":"Supplemental dietary zinc sulphate and folic acid combination improves testicular volume and haemodynamics, testosterone levels and semen quality in rams under heat stress conditions","volume":"57","author":"Fadl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib27","first-page":"408","article-title":"Biological attributes of livestock as affected by heat stress in tropical and sub-tropical regions","volume":"1","author":"Faitma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Stud. Health Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.58292\/CT.v16.10351","article-title":"Role of trace minerals in bull reproductive physiology and semen quality","volume":"16","author":"Ferrer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Theriogenol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.12.007","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor requirements for in vitro development of bovine embryos","volume":"75","author":"Fields","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-020-01945-6","article-title":"Effect of thermal stress on basic seminal characteristics of Gyr bulls","volume":"64","author":"Freitas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib31","first-page":"673","article-title":"Interrelation of nervous, immune, endocrine systems and nutritional factors in the regulation of animal resistance and productivity","volume":"53","author":"Galochkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v17.i8.107803","article-title":"Copper and hepatic lipid dysregulation: mechanisms and implications","volume":"17","author":"Gao","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2022.2074325","article-title":"The effects and molecular mechanism of heat stress on spermatogenesis and the mitigation measures","volume":"68","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Syst. Biol. Reprod. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2017.724.731","article-title":"Role of nanoparticles in animal and poultry nutrition: modes of action and applications in formulating feed additives and food processing","volume":"13","author":"Gopi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2024.1496230","article-title":"Influence of physicochemical factors on the interaction of metallic nanoparticles with immune system cells","volume":"6","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Cruz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab095","article-title":"Supplementing organic-complexed or inorganic Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn to beef cows during gestation: physiological and productive response of cows and their offspring until weaning","volume":"99","author":"Harvey","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9053","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239053","article-title":"Molecular regulation of copper homeostasis in the male gonad during the process of spermatogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Herman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib38","first-page":"284","article-title":"The crucial influence of nano-copper (nano-Cu) on rumen function, ruminant productivity, and reproduction","volume":"15","author":"Hudaya","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1070692","article-title":"Unraveling the harmful effect of oxidative stress on male fertility: a mechanistic insight","volume":"14","author":"Hussain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib40","first-page":"518","article-title":"Pathogenesis and mitigation of the deleterious effects of heat stress on bull reproduction","volume":"45","author":"Kastelic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Reprod. Anim."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.3390\/nano15231773","article-title":"Applications of nanotechnology in ruminant animal production: advances, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"15","author":"Kholif","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txy061","article-title":"Automated collection of heat stress data in livestock: new technologies and opportunities","volume":"2","author":"Koltes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.03.010","article-title":"Serum and seminal plasma IGF-1 associations with semen variables and effect of IGF-1 supplementation on semen freezing capacity in buffalo bulls","volume":"204","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-022-03356-7","article-title":"Nano copper supplementation increases superoxide dismutase and catalase gene expression profiles and concentration of antioxidants and immune variables in Sahiwal heifers","volume":"201","author":"Kushwaha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Trace Elem. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.29326\/2304-196X-2022-11-2-135-141","article-title":"Biochemical blood parameters and level of endogenous intoxication in cows suffering from hepatopathies under heat stress","volume":"11","author":"Kuzminova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Sci. Today"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-025-04645-8","article-title":"Testicular thermoregulation and blood perfusion score as markers of sperm quality in summer-stressed breeding bulls","volume":"57","author":"Lakhanpal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2026.104409","article-title":"Testicular temperature gradient and vascular perfusion as predictors of semen quality in summer-stressed Murrah bulls","author":"Lakhanpal","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00584-6","article-title":"Reaction conditions affecting the relationship between thiobarbituric acid reactivity and lipid peroxides in human plasma","volume":"31","author":"Lapenna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free. Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9502","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2019-18089","article-title":"High temperature-humidity index compromises sperm quality and fertility of Holstein bulls in temperate climates","volume":"103","author":"Llamas-Luce\u00f1o","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.04.040","article-title":"Embryo development in dairy cattle","volume":"86","author":"Lonergan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10101890","article-title":"Copper supplementation, a challenge in cattle","volume":"10","author":"L\u00f3pez-Alonso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3390\/cells15060545","article-title":"Multifaceted role of copper homeostasis in gut health: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib53","first-page":"1260","article-title":"Effect of dietary copper and zinc supplementation on semen quality of Murrah bulls","volume":"54","author":"Majumder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian. J. Anim. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15040500","article-title":"Mechanisms of hormonal, genetic, and temperature regulation of germ cell proliferation, differentiation, and death during spermatogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Maroto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2020.02.007","article-title":"Organic Zn and Cu supplementation imprints on seminal plasma mineral, biochemical\/antioxidant activities and its relationship to spermatozoal characteristics in bucks","volume":"20","author":"Mayasula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2022.2073399","article-title":"The effect of metal-containing nanoparticles on the health, performance and production of livestock animals and poultry","volume":"42","author":"Michalak","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(00)80033-0","article-title":"Copper deficiency and immune response in ruminants","volume":"20","author":"Minatel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2020.05.014","article-title":"Heat stress and bull fertility","volume":"153","author":"Morrell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-025-00692-8","article-title":"The importance of zinc, copper and manganese and their impact on growth, immunity and fertility of male cattle: a review","volume":"38","author":"Nair","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1111\/rda.13154","article-title":"Organic zinc and copper supplementation on antioxidant protective mechanism and their correlation with sperm functional characteristics in goats","volume":"53","author":"Narasimhaiah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib61","series-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle","author":"National Research Council","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-023-00197-9","article-title":"Micronutrient supplements as antioxidants in improving sperm quality and reducing DNA fragmentation","volume":"33","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Basic. Clin. Androl."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.aavs\/2023\/11.12.1918.1926","article-title":"Comparison of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in sperm quality of Garut ram chilled semen to enhance rural livestock commodity","volume":"11","author":"Nurlatifah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2010.01096.x","article-title":"Effects of discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation on the quality of bovine spermatozoa evaluated with computer-assisted semen analysis and fluorescent probes association","volume":"44","author":"Oliveira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2839","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12202839","article-title":"Trace minerals supplementation with great impact on beef cattle immunity and health","volume":"12","author":"Palomares","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2013.08.005","article-title":"Bovine in vitro fertilization: in vitro oocyte maturation and sperm capacitation with heparin","volume":"81","author":"Parrish","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab160","article-title":"Impact of trace mineral source on beef replacement heifer growth, reproductive development, and biomarkers of maternal recognition of pregnancy and embryo survival","volume":"99","author":"Perry","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.18-0560","article-title":"Methodological improvement of fluorescein isothiocyanate peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA) acrosomal integrity staining for frozen-thawed Japanese Black bull spermatozoa","volume":"81","author":"Rajabi-Toustani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-024-02759-6","article-title":"Effect of access to natural shade on scrotal thermoregulatory capacity, integrity of the testicular parenchyma and sperm morphology of Nelore (Bos indicus) and Canchim (Bos taurus \u00d7 Bos indicus) bulls","volume":"68","author":"Romanello","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.711227","article-title":"Role of copper on mitochondrial function and metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Ruiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-022-10022-9","article-title":"An updated insight on testicular hemodynamics: environmental, physiological, and technical perspectives in farm and companion animals","volume":"47","author":"Samir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10050793","article-title":"Nutritional physiology and biochemistry of dairy cattle under the influence of heat stress: consequences and opportunities","volume":"10","author":"Sammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07171-7","article-title":"Season affects sperm quality, seminal extracellular vesicles, and antioxidant-related genes in Egyptian buffalo bulls","volume":"15","author":"Shahat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2021.103064","article-title":"Scrotal subcutaneous temperature is increased by scrotal insulation or whole-body heating, but not by scrotal neck insulation; however, all three heat-stress models decrease sperm quality in bulls and rams","volume":"100","author":"Shahat","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4355","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-6322","article-title":"Effect of inorganic or organic copper fed without or with added sulfur and molybdenum on the performance, indicators of copper status, and hepatic mRNA in dairy cows","volume":"96","author":"Sinclair","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.846981","article-title":"The mechanism of heat stress resistance during spermatogenesis in Turpan black sheep","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib77","article-title":"Semen characteristics, nutrient utilization and immuno-endocrine status in response to dietary supplementation of a novel trace mineral mixture in crossbred bulls","volume":"5","author":"Srivastava","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Mineral."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/3355733","article-title":"Understanding how minerals contribute to optimal immune function","volume":"2023","author":"Stefanache","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15040526","article-title":"Effects of dietary copper sources and levels on liver copper metabolism and the expression of transporters in growing pigs","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib80","first-page":"31","article-title":"Effects of in vitro copper sulphate supplementation on the ejaculated sperm characteristics in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)","volume":"4","author":"Tabassomi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Forum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-025-04036-7","article-title":"Discovering the hidden link: hematological disorders caused by copper deficiency","volume":"122","author":"Takami","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Hematol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-025-04627-w","article-title":"Effect of select dietary trace minerals levels on nutrient utilization, minerals balance and growth performance in male goats under thermoneutral and heat stress conditions","volume":"57","author":"Thamizhan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib83","article-title":"The impact of oxidative stress on male reproductive function: exploring the role of antioxidant supplementation","volume":"15","author":"Walke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci13020208","article-title":"The role of five key minerals (Cu, Se, Zn, Co, Fe) in reproductive function of female cattle: current insights and future directions","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9277","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2024-24871","article-title":"Feeding nanoparticles of copper oxide coated with lysine with or without added antagonists affects the copper status but not the performance of Holstein dairy cows","volume":"107","author":"Williams","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Dairy. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-023-03471-4","article-title":"Nano zinc supplementation in ruminant livestock: influence on physiological, immune functions and oxidative stability of West African dwarf goat bucks","volume":"32","author":"Yusuf","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comp. Clin. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Animal Reproduction Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432026002538?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0378432026002538?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T19:37:27Z","timestamp":1793475447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0378432026002538"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":86,"alternative-id":["S0378432026002538"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-4320"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-4320","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Copper nanoparticles as a precision nutrition strategy to enhance reproductive resilience and in vitro sperm fertilizing capacity in heat stressed breeding bulls","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Animal Reproduction Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2026.108350","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108350"}}