{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:06:25Z","timestamp":1791248785405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Auris Nasus Larynx"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,25]],"date-time":"2018-07-25T09:24:38Z","timestamp":1532510678000},"page":"246-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Substernal goiter: Treatment and challenges. Twenty-two years of experience in diagnosis and management of substernal goiters"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Doulaptsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Karatzanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Prokopakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Velegrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexia","family":"Loutsidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athina","family":"Trachalaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Velegrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0005","volume":"96","author":"Haller","year":"1749"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0010","first-page":"969","article-title":"Rationale for the operative management of substernal goiters","volume":"94","author":"Allo","year":"1983","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(85)80086-6","article-title":"Substernal goiter. Analysis of 80 patients from Massachusetts General Hospital","volume":"149","author":"Katlic","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0020","series-title":"Textbook of endocrine surgery","first-page":"304","article-title":"Surgical management of recurrent and intrathoracic goiters","author":"Sitges-Serra","year":"2005"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(96)80057-2","article-title":"Recurrent substernal nodular goiter: incidence and management","volume":"120","author":"Hsu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930600313","article-title":"Substernal goiter","volume":"60","author":"Newman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949910800515","article-title":"Substernal goiter: clinical experience of 72 cases","volume":"108","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-004-2823-4","article-title":"Surgical management of substernal goiters: clinical experience of 170 cases","volume":"34","author":"Erbil","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"issue":"7029","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7029.484","article-title":"Upper airways obstruction in 153 consecutive patients presenting with thyroid enlargement","volume":"312","author":"Gittoes","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215106004142","article-title":"Tracheoesophageal compression associated with substernal goitre. Correlation of symptoms with cross-sectional imaging findings","volume":"121","author":"Mackle","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.139.6.656","article-title":"Predictors of airway complications after thyroidectomy for substernal goiter","volume":"139","author":"Shen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-1810(94)90045-0","article-title":"Surgery for substernal goiters","volume":"5","author":"Cohen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Oper Tech Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2007.02.003","article-title":"A new classification system for retrosternal goitre based on a systematic review of its complications and management","volume":"6","author":"Huins","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.04.045","article-title":"Substernal goiter: when is a sternotomy required?","volume":"199","author":"Nankee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-008-9466-3","article-title":"Evidence-based surgical management of substernal goiter","volume":"32","author":"White","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"104","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496914523411","article-title":"Should asymptomatic retrosternal goitre be left untreated? A prospective single-centre study","volume":"32","author":"Landerholm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1927.01130240068005","article-title":"Intrathoracic goiter","volume":"15","author":"Higgins","year":"1927","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2013.0291","article-title":"American Thyroid Association statement on optimal surgical management of goiter","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21617","article-title":"Substernal goiters: incidence, surgical approach, and complications in a tertiary care referral center","volume":"33","author":"Raffaelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2009.06.018","article-title":"The value of various definitions of intrathoracic goiter for predicting intra-operative and postoperative complications","volume":"147","author":"R\u00edos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-011-1596-4","article-title":"Does mediastinal extension of the goiter increase morbidity of total thyroidectomy? A multicenter study of 19,662 patients","volume":"18","author":"Testini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"11 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199811000-00005","article-title":"Management of substernal goiter","volume":"108","author":"Netterville","year":"1998","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2015.12.048","article-title":"Surgical management of cervico-mediastinal goiters: our experience and review of the literature","volume":"28","author":"Di Crescenzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2005.01.039","article-title":"The surgical approach to retrosternal goiters: the role of computerized tomography","volume":"132","author":"Grainger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnci.2012.04.002","article-title":"Retrosternal goiter: the need for thoracic approach based on CT findings: surgeon\u2019s view","volume":"24","author":"Sakkary","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Egypt Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880110407","article-title":"Operative treatment of substernal goiters","volume":"11","author":"Shaha","year":"1989","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199803000-00009","article-title":"Surgical management of the substernal thyroid gland","volume":"108","author":"Pulli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1308\/003588409X359196","article-title":"Management of retrosternal goitres","volume":"91","author":"Hardy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-0709(94)90081-7","article-title":"Substernal goiter: a clinical review","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0150","first-page":"194","article-title":"Surgical treatment of substernal goiter","volume":"85","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0155","first-page":"220","article-title":"Operative management of substernal goiter: analysis of 52 patients","volume":"86","author":"Arici","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0160","first-page":"826","article-title":"Surgical management of substernal goiter: analysis of 237 patients","volume":"61","author":"Torre","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0165","first-page":"19","article-title":"The use of the Ligasure vessel sealing system in head and neck surgery: a report on six years of experience and a review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Prokopakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"B-ENT"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200302000-00028","article-title":"Recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in thyroid and parathyroid surgery: the University of Michigan experience","author":"Marcus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.135.2.204","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis during thyroidectomy","volume":"135","author":"Lo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-012-2338-3","article-title":"Intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in revision thyroidectomy","volume":"270","author":"Prokopakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.35.8.638","article-title":"Intrathoracic goitre in the posterior mediastinum","volume":"35","author":"Fragomeni","year":"1980","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0190","first-page":"674","article-title":"Thyroid reoperations: indications and risks","volume":"64","author":"Wilson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21303","article-title":"Preoperative predictors of sternotomy need in mediastinal goiter management","volume":"32","author":"Casella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1258\/0022215001906606","article-title":"Substernal goitre: a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension and heart failure","volume":"114","author":"Abboud","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480206800306","article-title":"The clinical presentation and operative management of nodular and diffuse substernal thyroid disease","volume":"68","author":"Hedayati","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0210","first-page":"331","article-title":"Substernal goiter: personal experience","volume":"76","author":"Cal\u00f2","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Ital Chir"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0215","first-page":"191","article-title":"Surgical management of substernal goitres. When is sternotomy inevitable?","volume":"156","author":"Flati","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2016.02.016","article-title":"Surgical treatment of substernal goiter: an analysis of 44 cases","volume":"44","author":"Nakaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E94","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.21920","article-title":"Ectopic mediastinal goiter successfully managed via cervical approach: case report and review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Walz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivu094","article-title":"Is it possible to predict the need for sternotomy in patients undergoing thyroidectomy with retrosternal extension?","volume":"19","author":"McKenzie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0235","first-page":"421","article-title":"Surgical management of intrathoracic goiter","volume":"95","author":"Saha","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Ky Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.141.1.82","article-title":"Increased mortality and morbidity associated with thyroidectomy for intrathoracic goiters reaching the carina tracheae","volume":"141","author":"Sancho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.03.010","article-title":"Substernal thyroidectomy is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as compared with conventional cervical thyroidectomy","volume":"205","author":"Pieracci","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"}],"container-title":["Auris Nasus Larynx"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0385814618300853?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0385814618300853?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T19:33:54Z","timestamp":1759952034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0385814618300853"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0385814618300853"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0385-8146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0385-8146","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Substernal goiter: Treatment and challenges. Twenty-two years of experience in diagnosis and management of substernal goiters","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Auris Nasus Larynx","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anl.2018.07.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}