{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:30:52Z","timestamp":1790785852023,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,1]],"date-time":"2019-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Auris Nasus Larynx"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,2]],"date-time":"2019-02-02T00:33:07Z","timestamp":1549067587000},"page":"151-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Cartilage conduction as the third pathway for sound transmission"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hosoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0000-1041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadashi","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Shimokura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Kitahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0005","unstructured":"Hosoi H, \u201cReceiver,\u201d Japanese Patent Application Number 166644. (June 4, 2004)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0010","unstructured":"Hosoi H, \u201cApproach in the use of cartilage conduction speaker,\u201d Japanese Patent Number 4541111. (November 17, 2004)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mao.0000187236.10842.d5","article-title":"Bone-conducted sound: physiological and clinical aspects","volume":"26","author":"Stenfelt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(00)00099-X","article-title":"Bone conduction experiments in humans \u2014 a fluid pathway from bone to ear","volume":"146","author":"Sohmer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181775dde","article-title":"Transmission pathways of vibratory stimulation as measured by subjective thresholds and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions","volume":"29","author":"Watanabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000314282","article-title":"Bone conduction thresholds and skull vibration measured on the teeth during stimulation at different sites on the human head","volume":"16","author":"Ito","year":"2011","journal-title":"Audiol Neurootol"},{"issue":"Suppl 213","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0035","article-title":"Bone conduction. Studies in experimental animals","author":"Tonndorf","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1121\/1.381081","article-title":"Mechanical parameters of hearing by bone conduction","volume":"60","author":"Khanna","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"Suppl. 26","key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0045","first-page":"56","article-title":"A contribution of the physiology of bone conduction","author":"Barany","year":"1938","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1534606","article-title":"Factors contributing to bone conduction: the outer ear","volume":"113","author":"Stenfelt","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0055","first-page":"104","article-title":"Development of cartilage conduction hearing aid","volume":"42","author":"Hosoi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Mater Sci Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2012.12.003","article-title":"Benefit of a new hearing device utilizing cartilage conduction","volume":"40","author":"Nishimura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apacoust.2013.04.013","article-title":"Development of monaural and binaural behind-the-ear cartilage conduction hearing aids","volume":"74","author":"Shimokura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl Acoust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0070","first-page":"137","article-title":"Aural cartilage vibration and sound measured in the external auditory canal for several transducer positions","volume":"12","author":"Shimokura","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Temporal Des Arch Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4868372","article-title":"Cartilage conduction hearing","volume":"135","author":"Shimokura","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24485","article-title":"Is cartilage conduction classified into air or bone conduction?","volume":"124","author":"Nishimura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2013.05.0128","article-title":"Sound transmission by cartilage conduction in ear with fibrotic aural atresia","volume":"51","author":"Morimoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2014.08.001","article-title":"Cartilage conduction efficiently generates airborne sound in the ear canal","volume":"42","author":"Nishimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2014.09.021","article-title":"Stimulating cartilage conduction sound to estimate the sound pressure level in the external auditory canal","volume":"335","author":"Shimokura","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sound Vib"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0120135","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120135","article-title":"Cartilage conduction is characterized by vibrations of the cartilaginous portion of the ear canal","volume":"10","author":"Nishimura","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2016.03.002","article-title":"Perception of speech in cartilage conduction","volume":"44","author":"Miyamae","year":"2017","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.4295\/audiology.56.405","article-title":"Proposal of new classification of sound conduction pathways from sound source to inner ear \u2014 air conduction, bone conduction and cartilage conduction","volume":"56","author":"Hosoi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Audiol Jpn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0115","unstructured":"Hosoi H, Nishimura T, Shimokura R. Proposal of new classification of sound conduction pathway -air, bone and cartilage conductions. ARO Abstracts 2014;37:488-9."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0000000000001644","article-title":"Cartilage conduction hearing aids for severe conduction hearing loss","volume":"39","author":"Nishimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0125","article-title":"Application of cartilage conduction to smart-phone","author":"Tanaka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. of 20th International Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (IFOS) World congress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0130","series-title":"Discovery of phenomenon of cartilage conduction and application for hearing aid, earphone and smartphone. Reports of the 2015 spring meeting the Acoustical Society of Japan","first-page":"1497","author":"Hosoi","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0135","series-title":"Application to various kinds of instrument of the cartilage conduction -Communication devices, acoustic equipment, robot, etc. Reports of the 2017 spring meeting the Acoustical Society of Japan","first-page":"1367","author":"Hosoi","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0140","series-title":"Electroacoustics\u2014simulations of human head and ear\u2014part 4: occluded-ear simulator for the measurement of earphones coupled to the ear by means of ear inserts","author":"IEC 60318-4","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005_bib0145","series-title":"Electroacoustics\u2014simulations of human head and ear\u2014part 7: head and torso simulator for the measurement of hearing aids","author":"IEC 60318-7","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Auris Nasus Larynx"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S038581461830943X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S038581461830943X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T19:34:23Z","timestamp":1759952063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S038581461830943X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S038581461830943X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0385-8146"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0385-8146","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cartilage conduction as the third pathway for sound transmission","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Auris Nasus Larynx","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anl.2019.01.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}