{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:52:07Z","timestamp":1790113927715,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annales de Dermatologie et de V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9ologie"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T04:59:52Z","timestamp":1612587592000},"page":"161-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Risk factors associated with necrotizing fasciitis of the lower limbs: A multicenter case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Pitch\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.-B.","family":"Diata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Faye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.-M.","family":"Tounkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Niamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Mouhari-Toure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.-M.","family":"Soumah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Some-Korsaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.-S.","family":"Akakpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.-F.","family":"Dian\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ciss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Niang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Traore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Saka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.10.032","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: current concepts and review of the literature","volume":"208","author":"Sarani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-201906","article-title":"Necrotising fasciitis","volume":"2013","author":"Dapunt","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0180","first-page":"195","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: epidemiology and clinical predictors for amputation","volume":"8","author":"Khamnuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-016-2704-y","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive group\u00a0A streptococcal infections in Norway 2010\u20132014: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"Naseer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0190","article-title":"High incidence of invasive group\u00a0A streptococcal infections in remote indigenous communities in northwestern Ontario, Canada","volume":"4","author":"Bocking","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-020-05559-2","article-title":"A 16\u2013year longitudinal cohort study of incidence and bacteriology of necrotising fasciitis in England","volume":"44","author":"Bodansky","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815002745","article-title":"Deaths from necrotizing fasciitis in the United States, 2003\u20132013","volume":"144","author":"Arif","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0205","first-page":"680","article-title":"Risk factors for necrotizing fasciitis and its outcome at a tertiary care centre","volume":"28","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-013-0835-2","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: a study of 48\u00a0cases","volume":"77","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2013.08.003","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: eight-year experience and literature review","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-348","article-title":"Risk factors, microbiological findings and outcomes of necrotizing fasciitis in New Zealand: a retrospective chart review","volume":"12","author":"Das","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0225","first-page":"11","article-title":"Erysipelas: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic data (111\u00a0cases)","volume":"118","author":"Crickx","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2015.08.003","article-title":"Risk factors associated with leg erysipelas (cellulitis) in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicentre case-control study","volume":"142","author":"Pitch\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2519-1","article-title":"Risk factors of lower limb cellulitis in a level-two healthcare facility in Cameroon: a case-control study","volume":"17","author":"Njim","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0240","first-page":"162","article-title":"Bacterial dermohypodermitis and necrotizing fascitis: 104-case series from Togo","volume":"71","author":"Saka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0245","first-page":"748","article-title":"Bacterial dermohypodermitis: a retrospective single-center study of 244\u00a0cases in Guinea","volume":"134","author":"Ciss\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.01.014","article-title":"Predisposing factors of necrotizing fasciitis with comparison to cellulitis in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based case-control study","volume":"119","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0218668","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218668","article-title":"Etiology, characteristics, and outcomes of community-onset necrotizing fasciitis in Korea: a multicenter study","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7509","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007509","article-title":"Alcohol use disorder increases the risk of necrotizing fasciitis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study","volume":"96","author":"Yii","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s12895-015-0037-7","article-title":"Risk factors associated with abscess formation among patient with leg erysipelas (superficial cellulitis) in sub-Saharan Africa: a multicenter study","volume":"15","author":"Pitch\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0270","first-page":"630","article-title":"Bacterial dermohypodermitis and artificial depigmentation. About 60\u00a0cases observed in Senegal","volume":"20","author":"Dieng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nouv Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2015.06.023","article-title":"Systemic complications during voluntary cosmetic depigmentation among women in Togo: a case-control study","volume":"134","author":"Akakpo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000085060.63483.bb","article-title":"Assessing the relationship between the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and necrotizing fasciitis caused by group\u00a0A streptococcus","volume":"82","author":"Aronoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1402.070888","article-title":"Severe Streptococcus pyogenes infections, United Kingdom, 2003\u20132004","volume":"14","author":"Lamagni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-0333","article-title":"Bacterial skin infections in children hospitalized with varicella: a possible negative impact of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs?","volume":"88","author":"Dubos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2007.02997.x","article-title":"Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and the risk of severe skin and soft tissue complications in patients with varicella or zoster disease","volume":"65","author":"Mikaeloff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2007.02652.x","article-title":"Severe necrotizing soft-tissue infections and nonsteroidal anti-in\ufb02ammatory drugs","volume":"33","author":"Souyri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.4.977","article-title":"Could nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) enhance the progression of bacterial infections to toxic shock syndrome?","volume":"21","author":"Stevens","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/14.1.2","article-title":"Invasive group\u00a0A streptococcus infections","volume":"14","author":"Stevens","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.4.1021","article-title":"Detection of interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor in normal humans after intravenous endotoxin: the effect of antiinflammatory agents","volume":"173","author":"Martich","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit594","article-title":"Effects of selective and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on antibiotic efficacy of experimental group\u00a0A streptococcal myonecrosis","volume":"209","author":"Hamilton","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2011.04.012","article-title":"Ibuprofen worsens Streptococcus pyogenes soft tissue infections in mice","volume":"44","author":"Weng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1086\/593016","article-title":"Muscle injury, vimentin expression, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs predispose to cryptic group\u00a0A streptococcal necrotizing infection","volume":"198","author":"Hamilton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Annales de Dermatologie et de V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9ologie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0151963820311637?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0151963820311637?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T11:10:20Z","timestamp":1758971420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0151963820311637"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0151963820311637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056","relation":{},"ISSN":["0151-9638"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0151-9638","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk factors associated with necrotizing fasciitis of the lower limbs: A multicenter case-control study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annales de Dermatologie et de V\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9ologie","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annder.2020.08.056","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}