{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T03:01:03Z","timestamp":1776222063758,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Diagnostic Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:04:36Z","timestamp":1730937876000},"page":"152393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["FOXP3 expression in duodenal mucosa: Unique role in pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of celiac disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8216-1753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-3638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Atay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000310","article-title":"A clinician\u2019s guide to celiac disease HLA genetics","volume":"114","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global prevalence of celiac disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000523","article-title":"Incidence of celiac disease is increasing over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0054-z","article-title":"Coeliac disease","volume":"5","author":"Lindfors","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature reviews Disease primers"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0025","first-page":"246","article-title":"Mammalian gut immunity","volume":"37","author":"Chassaing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0b013e3283485e37","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Foxp3 expression in normal, inflammatory and neoplastic conditions","volume":"43","author":"Villanacci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.75","article-title":"The regulation of immune tolerance by FOXP3","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.80","article-title":"IL-15 interferes with suppressive activity of intestinal regulatory T cells expanded in celiac disease","volume":"106","author":"Zanzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.02.015","article-title":"Circulating gluten-specific FOXP3(+)CD39(+) regulatory T cells have impaired suppressive function in patients with celiac disease","volume":"140","author":"Cook","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0050","first-page":"65","article-title":"Duodenal mucosa FOXP3 expression in different etiologies of lymphocytic duodenosis","volume":"33","author":"Vaquero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Histol Histopathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0055","article-title":"American College of Gastroenterology guidelines update: diagnosis and management of celiac disease","volume":"118","author":"Rubio-Tapia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Official journal of the American College of Gastroenterology | ACG"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199910000-00019","article-title":"The histopathology of coeliac disease: time for a standardized report scheme for pathologists","volume":"11","author":"Oberhuber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2016.07.004","article-title":"The role of FOXP3 in autoimmunity","volume":"43","author":"Pesenacker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/83784","article-title":"Disruption of a new forkhead\/winged-helix protein, scurfin, results in the fatal lymphoproliferative disorder of the scurfy mouse","volume":"27","author":"Brunkow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc0907093","article-title":"FOXP3 forkhead domain mutation and regulatory T cells in the IPEX syndrome","volume":"361","author":"d\u2019Hennezel","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-016-0470-8","article-title":"Foxp3, regulatory T cell, and autoimmune diseases","volume":"40","author":"Tao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22415","article-title":"Regulatory T cell defects in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"56","author":"Sarkar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5609","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1078231","article-title":"Toll pathway-dependent blockade of CD4+CD25+ T cell-mediated suppression by dendritic cells","volume":"299","author":"Pasare","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0095","series-title":"Role of Regulatory T Cells and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Celiac Disease","first-page":"14434","volume":"24(19)","author":"Camarca","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802624177","article-title":"Increased FOXP3 expression in small-bowel mucosa of children with coeliac disease and type I diabetes mellitus","volume":"44","author":"Vorobjova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1447.018","article-title":"Diverse foxp3 expression in children with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease","volume":"1150","author":"Kivling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.203","article-title":"miRNAs affect the expression of innate and adaptive immunity proteins in celiac disease","volume":"109","author":"Magni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.31557\/APJCP.2024.25.2.647","article-title":"Evaluating CD4 and Foxp3 mRNA expression in tissue specimens of celiac disease and colorectal cancer patients","volume":"25","author":"Asri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPM.IJPM_703_18","article-title":"Duodenal mucosal immune cells in treatment-naive adult patients with celiac disease having different histological grades and controls","volume":"62","author":"GP SG","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03662.x","article-title":"Infiltration of forkhead box P3-expressing cells in small intestinal mucosa in coeliac disease but not in type 1 diabetes","volume":"152","author":"Tiittanen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8527","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07674-w","article-title":"Reduced frequency of circulating regulatory T cells and their related immunosuppressive mediators in treated celiac patients","volume":"49","author":"Asri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0135","series-title":"Interplay Between Gluten, HLA, Innate and Adaptive Immunity Orchestrates the Development of Coeliac Disease","first-page":"12","author":"Voisine","year":"2021"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0140","first-page":"6763","article-title":"IL-15 renders conventional lymphocytes resistant to suppressive functions of regulatory T cells through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway","volume":"182","author":"Ben Ahmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore, Md\u202f: 1950)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.12.025","article-title":"Inhibition of TGF-beta signaling by IL-15: a new role for IL-15 in the loss of immune homeostasis in celiac disease","volume":"132","author":"Benahmed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.05.013","article-title":"Distinct and synergistic contributions of epithelial stress and adaptive immunity to functions of intraepithelial killer cells and active celiac disease","volume":"149","author":"Setty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.303","article-title":"Immunoregulatory pathways are active in the small intestinal mucosa of patients with potential celiac disease","volume":"108","author":"Borrelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.12.023","article-title":"Interleukin 15 and CD4+ T cells cooperate to promote small intestinal enteropathy in response to dietary antigen","volume":"146","author":"Korneychuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-23","article-title":"Divergence of gut permeability and mucosal immune gene expression in two gluten-associated conditions: celiac disease and gluten sensitivity","volume":"9","author":"Sapone","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12552","article-title":"The impact of langerin (CD207)+ dendritic cells and FOXP3+ Treg cells in the small bowel mucosa of children with celiac disease and atopic dermatitis in comparison to children with functional gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"124","author":"Vorobjova","year":"2016","journal-title":"APMIS\u202f: acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-1201","article-title":"Defective differentiation of regulatory FoxP3+ T cells by small-intestinal dendritic cells in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"60","author":"Badami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1159\/000322049","article-title":"FOXP3 expression in duodenal mucosa in pediatric patients with celiac disease","volume":"77","author":"Brazowski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i2.439","article-title":"Increased density of tolerogenic dendritic cells in the small bowel mucosa of celiac patients","volume":"21","author":"Vorobjova","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0190","series-title":"Immunoregulatory Pathways Are Active in the Small Intestinal Mucosa of Patients with Potential Celiac Disease","first-page":"1775","volume":"108(11)","author":"Borrelli","year":"2013"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e12273","article-title":"Expression of tolerogenic dendritic cells in the small intestinal tissue of patients with celiac disease","volume":"8","author":"Kheiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2011.02549.x","article-title":"Density of CD163+ CD11c+ dendritic cells increases and CD103+ dendritic cells decreases in the coeliac lesion","volume":"74","author":"Beitnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.018","article-title":"Evidence for the role of interferon-alfa production by dendritic cells in the Th1 response in celiac disease","volume":"133","author":"Di Sabatino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.06.002","article-title":"A unique dendritic cell subset accumulates in the celiac lesion and efficiently activates gluten-reactive T cells","volume":"131","author":"R\u00e1ki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.03.004","article-title":"Antigen presentation in celiac disease","volume":"21","author":"Qiao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.04.006","article-title":"Regulatory T cell identity: formation and maintenance","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Diagnostic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1092913424001308?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1092913424001308?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T20:59:50Z","timestamp":1733259590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1092913424001308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1092913424001308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-9134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-9134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"FOXP3 expression in duodenal mucosa: Unique role in pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of celiac disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2024.152393","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152393"}}