{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:13:27Z","timestamp":1788970407213,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Diagnostic Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T20:21:07Z","timestamp":1783628467000},"page":"152684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Granulomatous inflammation in lung and lymph node specimens: A molecularly enhanced pathology-based algorithm for etiologic differential diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lupeng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiong","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.5858\/134.5.667","article-title":"Granulomatous lung disease: an approach to the differential diagnosis","volume":"134","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"145","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/16000617.0012-2017","article-title":"Differential diagnosis of granulomatous lung disease: clues and pitfalls","volume":"26","author":"Ohshimo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3960\/jslrt.52.1","article-title":"Granulomatous lymphadenitis","volume":"52","author":"Asano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hematop"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202002-0251ST","article-title":"Diagnosis and detection of sarcoidosis. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"201","author":"Crouser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202005-2032ST","article-title":"Diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in adults. An official ATS\/JRS\/ALAT clinical practice guideline","volume":"202","author":"Raghu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw694","article-title":"Official ATS\/IDSA\/CDC clinical practice guidelines: diagnosis of tuberculosis in adults and children","volume":"64","author":"Lewinsohn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa241","article-title":"Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS\/ERS\/ESCMID\/IDSA clinical practice guideline","volume":"71","author":"Daley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00053-10","article-title":"Histopathologic diagnosis of fungal infections in the 21st century","volume":"24","author":"Guarner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008","article-title":"Revision and update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease from the EORTC and MSGERC","volume":"71","author":"Donnelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0050","first-page":"S71","article-title":"Cat-scratch disease: historic, clinical, and pathologic perspectives","volume":"121","author":"Lamps","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 revised international Chapel Hill consensus conference nomenclature of vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.72","article-title":"Consensus statement on the pathology of IgG4-related disease","volume":"25","author":"Deshpande","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.4.840-862.2004","article-title":"Impact of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for identification of bacteria on clinical microbiology and infectious diseases","volume":"17","author":"Clarridge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01228-07","article-title":"16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial identification in the diagnostic laboratory: pluses, perils, and pitfalls","volume":"45","author":"Janda","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1086\/512818","article-title":"Detection and identification of microorganisms by gene amplification and sequencing","volume":"44","author":"Reller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.6.1512-1517.1998","article-title":"Evaluation of PCR in detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues: comparison of four amplification assays","volume":"36","author":"Marchetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP2QZRH4ZNPRDD","article-title":"Performance characteristics of nested polymerase chain reaction vs real-time polymerase chain reaction methods for detecting mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in paraffin-embedded human tissues","volume":"142","author":"Seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1136\/jclinpath-2014-202307","article-title":"Rapid real-time PCR for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues: 16% of histological \u2018sarcoid\u2019 may contain such DNA","volume":"67","author":"Surat","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1086\/512812","article-title":"Comparison of histopathological analysis, culture, and polymerase chain reaction assays to detect invasive mold infections from biopsy specimens","volume":"44","author":"Rickerts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00459-10","article-title":"Improving molecular detection of fungal DNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues: comparison of five tissue DNA extraction methods using panfungal PCR","volume":"48","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Cadavid","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmoldx.2020.06.017","article-title":"Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing for detection of fungi in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues: correlation with histopathology and clinical applications","volume":"22","author":"Larkin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01520-22","article-title":"Fungal integrated histomolecular diagnosis using targeted next-generation sequencing on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues","volume":"61","author":"Trecourt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2016-0539-RA","article-title":"Validation of metagenomic next-generation sequencing tests for universal pathogen detection","volume":"141","author":"Schlaberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012751","article-title":"Clinical metagenomic next-generation sequencing for pathogen detection","volume":"14","author":"Gu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0113-7","article-title":"Clinical metagenomics","volume":"20","author":"Chiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.238170.118","article-title":"Laboratory validation of a clinical metagenomic sequencing assay for pathogen detection in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"29","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803396","article-title":"Clinical metagenomic sequencing for diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis","volume":"380","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1926304","article-title":"The utilization of formalin fixed-paraffin-embedded specimens in high throughput genomic studies","volume":"2017","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Genomics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2013-0691-RA","article-title":"A review of preanalytical factors affecting molecular, protein, and morphological analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue: how well do you know your FFPE specimen?","volume":"138","author":"Bass","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0508-1","article-title":"Clinical-grade computational pathology using weakly supervised deep learning on whole slide images","volume":"25","author":"Campanella","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of Diagnostic Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1092913426000808?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1092913426000808?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:31:18Z","timestamp":1788967878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1092913426000808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S1092913426000808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-9134"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-9134","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Granulomatous inflammation in lung and lymph node specimens: A molecularly enhanced pathology-based algorithm for etiologic differential diagnosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Diagnostic Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anndiagpath.2026.152684","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152684"}}