{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:28:34Z","timestamp":1759364914423,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annemergmed.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,15]],"date-time":"2008-11-15T04:42:39Z","timestamp":1226724159000},"page":"409-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Bacterial Cocaine Esterase Protects Against Cocaine-Induced Epileptogenic Activity and Lethality"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Emily M.","family":"Jutkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle G.","family":"Baladi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziva D.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diwahar","family":"Narasimhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger K.","family":"Sunahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies. Drug Abuse Warning Network 2003: interim national estimates of drug-related emergency department visits. December 2004. http:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/infofacts\/HospitalVisits.html. Accessed January 3, 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(78)90019-1","article-title":"Four deaths due to intravenous injection of cocaine","volume":"12","author":"Di Maio","year":"1978","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(91)90138-R","article-title":"Cocaine-induced respiratory depression in urethane-anesthetized rats: a possible mechanism of cocaine-induced death","volume":"39","author":"Tseng","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)82511-9","article-title":"Cocaine-induced respiratory depression and seizures are synergistic mechanisms of cocaine-induced death in rats","volume":"21","author":"Tseng","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066604263918","article-title":"Acute respiratory failure from abused substances","volume":"19","author":"Wilson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2794","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000100123.50896.F0","article-title":"Poisoning and overdoses in the intensive care unit: general and specific management issues","volume":"31","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.04.049","article-title":"Crack whips the heart: a review of the cardiovascular toxicity of cocaine","volume":"100","author":"Afonso","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8456315","article-title":"Antibody-catalyzed degradation of cocaine","volume":"259","author":"Landry","year":"1993","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1021\/jm9706729","article-title":"Pharmacotherapies for treatment of cocaine abuse: preclinical aspects","volume":"42","author":"Carroll","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Med Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb742","article-title":"Crystal structure of a bacterial cocaine esterase","volume":"9","author":"Larsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Struct Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10176","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.10176","article-title":"A catalytic antibody against cocaine prevents cocaine's reinforcing and toxic effects in rats","volume":"95","author":"Mets","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(02)00237-5","article-title":"Anticocaine catalytic antibodies","volume":"269","author":"Deng","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(24)23159-X","article-title":"An improved cocaine hydrolase: the A328Y mutant of human butylcholinesterase is 4-fold more efficient","volume":"55","author":"Xie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib14","first-page":"710","article-title":"Cocaine metabolism accelerated by a re-engineered human butyrylcholinesterase","volume":"302","author":"Sun","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.025999","article-title":"Rapid and robust protection against cocaine-induced lethality in rats by the bacterial cocaine esterase","volume":"70","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12297","DOI":"10.1021\/bi026131p","article-title":"Biochemical characterization and structural analysis of a highly proficient cocaine esterase","volume":"41","author":"Turner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.114223","article-title":"Cocaine esterase: interactions with cocaine and immune responses in mice","volume":"320","author":"Ko","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(93)90317-M","article-title":"Acute cocaine toxicity: the effect of agents in non-seizure-induced death","volume":"46","author":"Tseng","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00419-7","article-title":"Distinct features of seizures induced by cocaine and amphetamine analogs","volume":"377","author":"Hanson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999009001592","article-title":"Cocaine-related seizures in adults","volume":"16","author":"Kramer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.3_Part_1.404","article-title":"Cocaine-induced seizures","volume":"40","author":"Pascual-Leone","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1991.tb05547.x","article-title":"Chronic, habitual cocaine abuse and kindling-induced epilepsy: a case report","volume":"32","author":"Dhuna","year":"1991","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib23","first-page":"621","article-title":"Epileptogenic properties of cocaine in humans","volume":"12","author":"Dhuna","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurotoxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20684-X","article-title":"Effects of cocaine and related drugs in nonhuman primates","volume":"251","author":"Madras","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther."},{"year":"2006","series-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib25"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2004.07.005","article-title":"The risk of body packing: a case of fatal cocaine overdose","volume":"151","author":"Koehler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(91)90007-5","article-title":"Intravenous cocaine causes epicardial coronary vasoconstriction in the intact dog","volume":"121","author":"Hayes","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(94)70068-0","article-title":"Flumazenil induced seizures and death in mixed cocaine-diazepam intoxications","volume":"23","author":"Derlet","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-199702000-00001","article-title":"Acute and chronic cocaine exposure can produce myocardial ischemia and infarction in Yucatan swine","volume":"29","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/28.1.105","article-title":"Cardiogenic shock induced by cocaine in swine with normal coronary arteries","volume":"28","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.74.2.281","article-title":"Cocaine-induced microvascular spasm in Yucatan miniature swine","volume":"74","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-0770(05)80323-4","article-title":"Cocaine and the porcine coronary microcirculation: effects of chronic cocaine exposure and hypercholesterolemia","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J cardiothorac Vasc Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.3.631","article-title":"Effects of cocaine on carotid vascular reactivity in swine after balloon vascular injury","volume":"25","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"1994","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)10938-5","article-title":"Pathophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms of acute cocaine toxicity in conscious rats","volume":"262","author":"Tella","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)33620-7","article-title":"Stereoselective behavioral effects of cocaine and a phenyltropane analog","volume":"225","author":"Spealman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(91)90043-X","article-title":"Potent substituted-3 beta-phenyltropane analogs of cocaine have cocaine-like discriminative stimulus effects","volume":"29","author":"Balster","year":"1991","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."}],"container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064408017873?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064408017873?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T04:40:24Z","timestamp":1759293624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196064408017873"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196064408017873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-0644"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0196-0644"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A Bacterial Cocaine Esterase Protects Against Cocaine-Induced Epileptogenic Activity and Lethality","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}