{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T23:23:38Z","timestamp":1794266618611,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,14]],"date-time":"2015-01-14T10:44:01Z","timestamp":1421232241000},"page":"640-648.e2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Rapid Administration Technique of Ketamine for Pediatric Forearm Fracture Reduction: A Dose-Finding Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Sri S.","family":"Chinta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Schrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"McAllister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4 pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.4.956","article-title":"Comparison of fentanyl\/midazolam with ketamine\/midazolam for pediatric orthopedic emergencies","volume":"102","author":"Kennedy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1 pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.1.116","article-title":"Comparison of propofol\/fentanyl versus ketamine\/midazolam for brief orthopedic procedural sedation in a pediatric emergency department","volume":"112","author":"Godambe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1078","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1694","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized comparison of nitrous oxide plus hematoma block versus ketamine plus midazolam for emergency department forearm fracture reduction in children","volume":"118","author":"Luhmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.11.030","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for emergency department ketamine dissociative sedation: 2011 update","volume":"57","author":"Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02773.x","article-title":"Intravenous ketamine for pediatric sedation in the emergency department: safety profile with 156 cases","volume":"5","author":"Green","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(00)70073-4","article-title":"Does adjunctive midazolam reduce recovery agitation after ketamine sedation for pediatric procedures? a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"35","author":"Sherwin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2010.08.032","article-title":"A\u00a0blinded, randomized controlled trial to evaluate ketamine\/propofol versus ketamine alone for procedural sedation in children","volume":"57","author":"Shah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2008.00311.x","article-title":"Pediatric procedural sedation with ketamine: time to discharge after intramuscular versus intravenous administration","volume":"16","author":"Ramaswamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199909000-00001","article-title":"What determines anesthetic induction dose? it's the front-end kinetics, doctor!","volume":"89","author":"Krejcie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/79.4.505","article-title":"A\u00a0physiological model of induction of anaesthesia with propofol in sheep. 2. Model analysis and implications for dose requirements","volume":"79","author":"Ludbrook","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.09.030","article-title":"Consensus-based recommendations for standardizing terminology and reporting adverse events for emergency department procedural sedation and analgesia in children","volume":"53","author":"Bhatt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.2.236","article-title":"Risk reduction in pediatric procedural sedation by application of an American Academy of Pediatrics\/American Society of Anesthesiologists process model","volume":"109","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/0952-8180(94)00001-K","article-title":"The post-anesthesia recovery score revisited","volume":"7","author":"Aldrete","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib14","article-title":"Predictors of airway and respiratory adverse events with ketamine sedation in the emergency department: an individual-patient data meta-analysis of 8,282 children","volume":"54","author":"Green","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib15","article-title":"Predictors of emesis and recovery agitation with emergency department ketamine sedation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis of 8,282 children","volume":"54","author":"Green","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1965.10480843","article-title":"The up-and-down method for small samples","volume":"60","author":"Dixon","year":"1965","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2006.02145.x","article-title":"Ketamine disposition in children presenting for procedural sedation and analgesia in a children's emergency department","volume":"17","author":"Herd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000267514.42592.2a","article-title":"Advances in and limitations of up-and-down methodology: a precis of clinical use, study design, and dose estimation in anesthesia research","volume":"107","author":"Pace","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib19","series-title":"Introduction to Statistical Analysis","author":"Dixon","year":"1957"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib20","series-title":"Categorical Data Analysis","author":"Agresti","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1097\/pec.0b013e31815c9df6","article-title":"Ketamine-propofol combination sedation for fracture reduction in the pediatric emergency department","volume":"23","author":"Sharieff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2000.111131","article-title":"Does midazolam alter the clinical effects of intravenous ketamine sedation in children? a double-blind, randomized, controlled, emergency department trial","volume":"36","author":"Wathen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e318180fdb5","article-title":"Dosing ketamine for pediatric procedural sedation in the emergency department","volume":"24","author":"Dallimore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)82569-7","article-title":"Ketamine sedation for pediatric procedures: part 2, review and implications","volume":"19","author":"Green","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198202000-00007","article-title":"Ketamine\u2014its pharmacology and therapeutic uses","volume":"56","author":"White","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/76.5.663","article-title":"Comparison of sedation with midazolam and ketamine: effects on airway muscle activity","volume":"76","author":"Drummond","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198903000-00010","article-title":"Ventilatory response to CO2 following intravenous ketamine in children","volume":"70","author":"Hamza","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198611000-00007","article-title":"Ventilatory pattern and chest wall mechanics during ketamine anesthesia in humans","volume":"65","author":"Mankikian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1987.tb02646.x","article-title":"Computerized tomography of the chest and gas exchange measurements during ketamine anaesthesia","volume":"31","author":"Tokics","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198804000-00055","article-title":"Respiratory mechanics and intrinsic PEEP during ketamine and halothane anesthesia in young children","volume":"67","author":"Shulman","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198610000-00008","article-title":"Noninvasive evaluation of breathing pattern and thoraco-abdominal motion following the infusion of ketamine or droperidol in humans","volume":"65","author":"Morel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03009835","article-title":"Ventilation during total intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine","volume":"41","author":"Joly","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jhq.12033","article-title":"Great expectations\u2014defining quality in pediatric sedation: outcomes of a multidisciplinary consensus conference","author":"Connors","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Healthc Qual"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2007.02218.x","article-title":"Analysis of the validation of existing behavioral pain and distress scales for use in the procedural setting","volume":"17","author":"Crellin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Paediatr Anesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.01.326","article-title":"Effect of ondansetron on the incidence of vomiting associated with ketamine sedation in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"52","author":"Langston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.06.001","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized, controlled trial of i.v. versus i.m. ketamine for sedation of pediatric patients receiving emergency department orthopedic procedures","volume":"48","author":"Roback","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-196811000-00022","article-title":"Changing concepts in pain control during surgery: dissociative anesthesia with CI-581. A progress report","volume":"47","author":"Corssen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-197403000-00020","article-title":"Side effects of ketamine in pediatric anesthesia","volume":"53","author":"Hollister","year":"1974","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011_bib40","first-page":"703","article-title":"Ketamine hydrochloride in outpatient oral surgery in children","volume":"29","author":"Young","year":"1971","journal-title":"J\u00a0Oral Surg"}],"container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064414015790?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064414015790?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T18:21:13Z","timestamp":1566238873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196064414015790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196064414015790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.12.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-0644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-0644","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}}}