{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:28:20Z","timestamp":1790756900101,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,26]],"date-time":"2015-04-26T00:53:51Z","timestamp":1430009631000},"page":"140-147","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Successful Tobacco Dependence Treatment in Low-Income Emergency Department Patients: A Randomized Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Steven L.","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"D\u2019Onofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"June","family":"Rosner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Makuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael V.","family":"Pantalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Toll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Current cigarette smoking among adults\u2014United States, 2005-2012","volume":"63","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib2","series-title":"The Health Consequences of Smoking\u201450 Years of Progress. A Report of the Surgeon General","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01123.x","article-title":"Rationing and the role of the emergency department as society's safety net","volume":"8","author":"Glauser","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.19.2.277-a","article-title":"Emergency care as safety net","volume":"19","author":"Gordon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E59","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301112","article-title":"Undertreatment of tobacco use relative to other chronic conditions","volume":"103","author":"Bernstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1995.tb03189.x","article-title":"Smoking habits of emergency department patients: an opportunity for disease prevention","volume":"2","author":"Lowenstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.1998.tb02504.x","article-title":"Behavioral risk factors in emergency department patients: a multisite study","volume":"5","author":"Lowenstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib8","unstructured":"National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2010 emergency department summary tables. Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/ahcd\/web_tables.htm#2010. 2013. Accessed March 26,\u00a02013."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib9","series-title":"Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation","author":"Bonnie","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib10","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Ending the Tobacco Epidemic: A Tobacco Control Strategic Action Plan for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Washington, DC: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, November 2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib11","series-title":"Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update","author":"Fiore","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2012.02.006","article-title":"A\u00a0brief intervention reduces hazardous and harmful drinking in emergency department patients","volume":"60","author":"D\u2019Onofrio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts212","article-title":"Efficacy of emergency department\u2013initiated tobacco control\u2014systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Rabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2011.01097.x","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of a multicomponent cessation strategy for emergency department smokers","volume":"18","author":"Bernstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib15","series-title":"Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change","author":"Miller","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"Measuring the heaviness of smoking using self-reported time to first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012283432607","article-title":"Managing depression in medical outpatients","volume":"343","author":"Whooley","year":"2000","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.02.001","article-title":"Comparison of the Heavy Smoking Index and of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence in a sample of 749 cigarette smokers","volume":"30","author":"Chabrol","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2000.61.447","article-title":"A\u00a0brief screening instrument for problem drinking in the emergency room: the RAPS4. Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen","volume":"61","author":"Cherpitel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stud Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2003.12.010","article-title":"Screening for drug use disorders in the emergency department: performance of the Rapid Drug Problems Screen (RDPS)","volume":"74","author":"Cherpitel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1053\/ajem.2002.32645","article-title":"The impact of smoking-related illness in the ED: an attributable risk model","volume":"20","author":"Bernstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib22","series-title":"Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199202000-00007","article-title":"A\u00a0new measure of substance abuse treatment: initial studies of the Treatment Service Review","volume":"180","author":"McLellan","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.3.758","article-title":"Breath carbon monoxide as an indication of smoking habit","volume":"117","author":"Middleton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i53","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2006.019794","article-title":"The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of telephone counselling and the nicotine patch in a state tobacco quitline","volume":"16","author":"Hollis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djh103","article-title":"Effectiveness of implementing the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Smoking Cessation Clinical Practice Guideline: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"96","author":"Katz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-18","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"8","author":"Schulz","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200802239272","article-title":"Nicotine dependence, motivation to quit, and diagnosis among adult emergency department patients who smoke: a national survey","volume":"10","author":"Bernstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00236-3","article-title":"A\u00a0simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis","volume":"49","author":"Peduzzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-014-0259-y","article-title":"Using the electronic health record to connect primary care patients to evidence-based telephonic tobacco quitline services: a closed-loop demonstration project","volume":"4","author":"Adsit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Med Pract Policy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.05.005","article-title":"Concurrent use of alcohol or illicit substances improves response to ED SBIRT for adult smokers","volume":"44","author":"Bernstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib32","series-title":"The Tobacco Dependence Treatment Handbook: A Guide to Best Practices","author":"Abrams","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02879900","article-title":"Changes in smoking associated with an acute health event: theoretical and practical implications","volume":"33","author":"Boudreaux","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38723.573866.AE","article-title":"\u201cCatastrophic\u201d pathways to smoking cessation: findings from national survey","volume":"332","author":"West","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib35","first-page":"CD000146","article-title":"Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation","volume":"11","author":"Stead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2010.00174.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of change in control group drinking in clinical trials of brief alcohol intervention: implications for bias toward the null","volume":"29","author":"Bernstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.09.004","article-title":"In randomization we trust? there are overlooked problems in experimenting with people in behavioral intervention trials","volume":"67","author":"McCambridge","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib38","first-page":"CD001837]","article-title":"Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients","volume":"5","author":"Rigotti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9252-y","article-title":"New methods for tobacco dependence treatment research","volume":"41","author":"Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S019606441500284X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S019606441500284X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,23]],"date-time":"2018-09-23T05:56:44Z","timestamp":1537682204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S019606441500284X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S019606441500284X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-0644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-0644","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}}}