{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:56:23Z","timestamp":1788346583760,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annemergmed.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T18:08:31Z","timestamp":1543428511000},"page":"193-202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Trauma-Informed Care for Violently Injured Patients in the Emergency Department"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Kyle R.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Bakes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodore J.","family":"Corbin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel A.","family":"Fein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica J.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thea L.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlene D.","family":"Melzer-Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Trauma and violence. Available at: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/trauma-violence. Accessed December 1,\u00a02017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib2","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Trauma-informed approach and trauma-specific interventions. Available at: https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/nctic\/trauma-interventions. Accessed May 4,\u00a02018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-016-1538-8","article-title":"Responding to the health needs of survivors of human trafficking: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Hemmings","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib4","first-page":"484","article-title":"Trauma-informed approach to survivors of intimate partner violence","volume":"13","author":"Anyikwa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Evid Inf Soc Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.2206","article-title":"Implementing a trauma-informed approach in pediatric health care networks","volume":"170","author":"Marsac","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib6","unstructured":"Scheeringa M. The myth of trauma-informed care. Psychology Today. Available at: https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/blog\/stress-relief\/201803\/the-myth-trauma-informed-care. Accessed September 26,\u00a02018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856216657698","article-title":"Trauma informed care: a radical shift or basic good practice?","volume":"24","author":"Isobel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Australas Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS). Available at: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/injury\/wisqars. Accessed September 30,\u00a02017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib9","unstructured":"Ingram DD, Chen L-H. Age-Adjusted Homicide Rates, by Urbanization of County of Residence-United States, 2004 and 2013.\u00a02015. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6405a7.htm. Accessed November 19, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8669","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008669","article-title":"Patterns of urban violent injury: a spatio-temporal analysis","volume":"5","author":"Cusimano","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.300063","article-title":"Trauma in the neighborhood: a geospatial analysis and assessment of social determinants of major injury in North America","volume":"101","author":"Newgard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib12","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Health Disparities & Inequalities Report, US 2013 Fact Sheet.\u00a02013. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/minorityhealth\/chdireport.html. Accessed November 19, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib13","unstructured":"Greene MB. Repeat injuries, variability and recommended research guidelines. Presented at: Healing Justice Alliance National Conference; August 22, 2016; Baltimore, MD."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib14","series-title":"The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma","author":"Van der Kolk","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.02.015","article-title":"Mental health following traumatic physical injury: an integrative literature review","volume":"44","author":"Wiseman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib16","first-page":"709","article-title":"Physical and psychological outcomes 8 months after serious gunshot injury","volume":"53","author":"Greenspan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h6161","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h6161","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder","volume":"351","author":"Bisson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000007","article-title":"Prevalence, risk, and correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder across ethnic and racial minority groups in the United States","volume":"51","author":"Alegr\u00eda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20705","article-title":"Pervasive exposure to violence and posttraumatic stress disorder in a predominantly African American urban community: the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study","volume":"24","author":"Goldmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22169","article-title":"Cumulative traumas and risk thresholds: 12-month PTSD in the World Mental Health (WMH) surveys","volume":"31","author":"Karam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2013.0120","article-title":"The prevalence of trauma and childhood adversity in an urban, hospital-based violence intervention program","volume":"24","author":"Corbin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2016.0029","article-title":"Removing obstacles to eliminating racial and ethnic disparities in behavioral health care","volume":"35","author":"Alegr\u00eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1430149","article-title":"The impact of PTSD clusters on cannabis use in a racially diverse trauma-exposed sample: an analysis from ecological momentary assessment","volume":"44","author":"Buckner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2014.920118","article-title":"Marijuana, expectancies, and post-traumatic stress symptoms: a preliminary investigation","volume":"46","author":"Earleywine","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.008","article-title":"Using cannabis to help you sleep: heightened frequency of medical cannabis use among those with PTSD","volume":"136","author":"Bonn-Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2011.08.001","article-title":"Violence in the emergency department: an ethnographic study (part II)","volume":"20","author":"Lau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2010.03342.x","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the literature: workplace violence in the emergency department","volume":"20","author":"Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib28","first-page":"199","article-title":"Prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses","volume":"35","author":"Dominguez-Gomez","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12533","article-title":"Compassion fatigue in emergency medicine: the cost of caring","volume":"28","author":"Hamilton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg Med Australas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2014-203671","article-title":"Prevalence, causes and consequences of compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue in emergency care: a mixed-methods study of UK NHS consultants","volume":"32","author":"Dasan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2014.5.21624","article-title":"Compassion fatigue is similar in emergency medicine residents compared to other medical and surgical specialties","volume":"15","author":"Bellolio","year":"2014","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/JTN.0000000000000315","article-title":"Debrief in emergency departments to improve compassion fatigue and promote resiliency","volume":"24","author":"Schmidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib33","first-page":"22","article-title":"Physician grief with patient death","volume":"9","author":"Sansone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200507000-00005","article-title":"\u201cThis is just too awful; I just can\u2019t believe I experienced that...\u201d: medical students\u2019 reactions to their \u201cmost memorable\u201d patient death","volume":"80","author":"Rhodes-Kropf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2003.21215.x","article-title":"The status of medical education in end-of-life care: a national report","volume":"18","author":"Sullivan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4037\/ccn2014962","article-title":"The pause","volume":"34","author":"Bartels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib37","unstructured":"Wlassoff V. How does post-traumatic stress disorder change the brain. Available at: http:\/\/brainblogger.com\/2015\/01\/24\/how-does-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-change-the-brain. Accessed May 4, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2006.8.4\/jbremner","article-title":"Traumatic stress: effects on the brain","volume":"8","author":"Bremner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib39","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Trauma-Informed Care in Behavioral Health Services. Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) Series 57. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment; 2014. HHS Publication No. (SMA) 13-4801."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/FCH.0000000000000092","article-title":"Gender differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms among participants of a violence intervention program at a pediatric hospital: a pilot study","volume":"39","author":"Purtle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fam Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2011.593260","article-title":"Developing a trauma-informed, emergency department\u2013based intervention for victims of urban violence","volume":"12","author":"Corbin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Dissociation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12409","article-title":"Boston Violence Intervention Advocacy Program: a qualitative study of client experiences and perceived effect","volume":"21","author":"James","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib43","first-page":"55","article-title":"Psychiatric emergencies (part I): psychiatric disorders causing organic symptoms","volume":"17","author":"Testa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2015.07.011","article-title":"Special considerations in trauma patients","volume":"33","author":"Abraham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib45","first-page":"32","article-title":"Calming agitation with words, not drugs: 10 commandments for safety","volume":"1","author":"Fishkind","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib46","first-page":"1372","article-title":"A\u00a0chasm between injury and care: experiences of black male victims of violence","volume":"69","author":"Liebschutz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib47","series-title":"Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City","author":"Anderson","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.044560","article-title":"Pathways to recurrent trauma among young black men: traumatic stress, substance use, and the \u201ccode of the street","volume":"95","author":"Rich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib49","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Anti-snitching norms and community loyalty","volume":"89","author":"Asbury","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oregon Law Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib50","unstructured":"Conniff R. UBI in the Knife and Gun Club.\u00a02009. Available at: https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/arts-culture\/ubi-in-the-knife-and-gun-club-140493319. Accessed November 19, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib51","unstructured":"Project Implicit. Available at: https:\/\/implicit.harvard.edu\/implicit\/index.jsp. Accessed April 8,\u00a02018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib52","first-page":"534","article-title":"Hospital-based violence intervention programs work","volume":"61","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nss105","article-title":"Effect of direct eye contact in PTSD related to interpersonal trauma: an fMRI study of activation of an innate alarm system","volume":"9","author":"Steuwe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib54","series-title":"OSAP Prevention Monograph-2: Prevention of Mental Disorders, Alcohol & Other Drug Use in Children & Adolescents","first-page":"225","article-title":"Prevention of psychiatric morbidity in children after disaster","author":"Pynoos","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2007.70.4.283","article-title":"Five essential elements of immediate and mid-term mass trauma intervention: empirical evidence","volume":"70","author":"Hobfoll","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200108000-00013","article-title":"Relationship between acute morphine and the course of PTSD in children with burns","volume":"40","author":"Saxe","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e3181b48102","article-title":"Preliminary evidence for the effects of morphine on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in one- to four-year-olds with burns","volume":"30","author":"Stoddard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Burn Care Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01310.x","article-title":"Time to take stock: a meta-analysis and systematic review of analgesic treatment disparities for pain in the United States","volume":"13","author":"Meghani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib59","unstructured":"World Health Organization. About social determinants of health. Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/social_determinants\/sdh_definition\/en\/. Accessed October 13,\u00a02017."},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549141291S206","article-title":"The social determinants of health: it\u2019s time to consider the causes of the causes","volume":"129","author":"Braveman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2011.594173","article-title":"Life on the edge: immigrants confront the American health system","volume":"35","author":"Portes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ethn Racial Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1197\/S1069-6563(03)00487-1","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in the clinical practice of emergency medicine","volume":"10","author":"Richardson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2242","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-2588","volume":"118","author":"O\u2019Malley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib64","series-title":"Resources for Optimal Care of the Injured Patient","author":"Rotondo","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib65","unstructured":"National Network of Hospital-based Violence Intervention Programs. Available at: http:\/\/nnhvip.org\/. Accessed March 22,\u00a02018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib66","unstructured":"Karraker N, Cunningham RM, Becker MG, et al. Violence Is Preventable: A Best Practices Guide for Launching & Sustaining a Hospital-Based Program to Break the Cycle of Violence. 2011. Available at: https:\/\/www.ncjrs.gov\/App\/Publications\/abstract.aspx?ID=260856. Accessed December 1, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e31812c6687","article-title":"Characterizing the teachable moment: is an emergency department visit a teachable moment for intervention among assault-injured youth and their parents?","volume":"23","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1017\/S1481803500014998","article-title":"Emergency department dispositions among 4100 youth injured by violence: a population-based study","volume":"9","author":"Snider","year":"2007","journal-title":"CJEM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2008.11.014","article-title":"Before and after the trauma bay: the prevention of violent injury among youth","volume":"53","author":"Cunningham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib70","first-page":"431","article-title":"Recurrent intentional injury","volume":"84","author":"Goins","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib71","unstructured":"Martin-Mollard M, Becker M. Key Components of Hospital-based Violence Intervention Programs. 2009. Available at: http:\/\/nnhvip.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/09\/key.pdf. Accessed December 1, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001261","article-title":"A\u00a0decade of hospital-based violence intervention: benefits and shortcomings","volume":"81","author":"Juillard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2005.05.009","article-title":"The effectiveness of an ED-based violence prevention program","volume":"24","author":"Zun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e318294f518","article-title":"Hospital-based violence intervention programs save lives and money","volume":"75","author":"Purtle","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000024","DOI":"10.1136\/tsaco-2016-000024","article-title":"Hospital-based violence intervention programs targeting adult populations: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma evidence-based review","volume":"1","author":"Affinati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trauma Surg Acute Care Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib76","unstructured":"Drexel University Center for Nonviolence and Social Justice. Healing Hurt People evaluation. Available at: https:\/\/drexel.edu\/cnvsj\/projects\/healing-hurt-people-evaluation\/. Accessed September 26,\u00a02018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2014.08.030","article-title":"Cost-benefit analysis simulation of a hospital-based violence intervention program","volume":"48","author":"Purtle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.008540","article-title":"Are health professionals getting caught in the crossfire? the personal implications of caring for trauma victims","volume":"21","author":"Crabbe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/JETS.JETS_36_17","article-title":"Quantifying burnout among emergency medicine professionals","volume":"10","author":"Wilson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(02)00101-5","article-title":"The relationship between job stress, burnout and clinical depression","volume":"75","author":"Iacovides","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/CEH.0000000000000140","article-title":"Application of a framework to implement trauma-informed care throughout a pediatric health care network","volume":"37","author":"Weiss","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Contin Educ Health Prof"}],"container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064418313726?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064418313726?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T04:42:11Z","timestamp":1759293731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196064418313726"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0196064418313726"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-0644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-0644","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trauma-Informed Care for Violently Injured Patients in the Emergency Department","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2018.10.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 by the American College of Emergency Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}