{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T19:13:35Z","timestamp":1792523615129,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016783","name":"University of Pennsylvania Health System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016782","name":"Penn Medicine Nudge Unit","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annemergmed.com","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:54:10Z","timestamp":1778820850000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["An Emergency Department Nudge-Based Strategy to Screen and Treat Patients With Alcohol Misuse"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4044-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Ebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanmarie","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhil K.","family":"Mull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia J.","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arielle","family":"Berk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Dart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiying A.","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Snider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Epps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Kit","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib1","series-title":"Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2023 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. 2024","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.4308","article-title":"Alcohol-related deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"327","author":"White","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.05.031","article-title":"2010 national and state costs of excessive alcohol consumption","volume":"49","author":"Sacks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.108096","article-title":"Alcohol screening and brief intervention in emergency departments: review of the impact on healthcare costs and utilization","volume":"117","author":"Barbosa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.05.093","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on suicidal ideation and alcohol presentations to emergency departments in a large healthcare system","volume":"41","author":"Smalley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2022.6.55666","article-title":"Geriatric falls: patient characteristics associated with emergency department revisits","volume":"23","author":"Cox","year":"2022","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.1750101","article-title":"The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the pharmacological treatment of patients with alcohol use disorder","volume":"175","author":"Reus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3628","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for adults with alcohol use disorders in outpatient settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"311","author":"Jonas","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.19761","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"330","author":"McPheeters","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.20220821","article-title":"Naltrexone and alcohol use","volume":"179","author":"Avery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10101436","article-title":"Gabapentin combined with naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence","volume":"168","author":"Anton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.0249","article-title":"Efficacy of gabapentin for the treatment of alcohol use disorder in patients with alcohol withdrawal symptoms: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"180","author":"Anton","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.2003.01161.x","article-title":"Open pilot study of gabapentin versus trazodone to treat insomnia in alcoholic outpatients","volume":"57","author":"Karam-Hage","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S235288","article-title":"Management of alcohol withdrawal in the emergency department: current perspectives","volume":"12","author":"Wolf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Access Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2023.01.010","article-title":"Emergency department management of patients with alcohol intoxication, alcohol withdrawal, and alcohol use disorder: a white paper prepared for the American Academy of Emergency Medicine","volume":"64","author":"Strayer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2022.11.013","article-title":"Time to treat alcohol use disorder in the emergency department","volume":"81","author":"Hawk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.14911","article-title":"Guidelines for Reasonable and Appropriate Care in the Emergency Department (GRACE-4): alcohol use disorder and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome management in the emergency department","volume":"31","author":"Borgundvaag","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2021.05.013","article-title":"Implementation of oral and extended-release naltrexone for the treatment of emergency department patients with moderate to severe alcohol use disorder: feasibility and initial outcomes","volume":"78","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.15059","article-title":"Emergency department-initiated oral naltrexone for patients with moderate to severe alcohol use disorder: a pilot feasibility study","volume":"32","author":"Cowan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70145","article-title":"Predictors of naltrexone prescribing for alcohol use disorder from the emergency department","volume":"49","author":"Lebin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07862-1","article-title":"Provider perspectives on emergency department initiation of medication assisted treatment for alcohol use disorder","volume":"22","author":"Philippine","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2025.01.001","article-title":"Evaluation of barriers and interventions for emergency department-initiated naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol use disorder","volume":"73","author":"Covarrubias","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib24","article-title":"Redesign of opioid use disorder screening and treatment in the ED","volume":"3","author":"Lowenstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2023.03.033","article-title":"Impact of universal screening and automated clinical decision support for the treatment of opioid use disorder in emergency departments: a difference-in-differences analysis","volume":"82","author":"Lowenstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib26","series-title":"Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness","author":"Thaler","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-017-4286-5","article-title":"Association between electronic medical record implementation of default opioid prescription quantities and prescribing behavior in two emergency departments","volume":"33","author":"Delgado","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib28","first-page":"42","article-title":"The five \u201crights\u201d of clinical decision support","volume":"84","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"J AHIMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib29","series-title":"Substance use disorders: motivational interviewing","author":"Ingersoll","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib31","article-title":"Understanding and applying the RE-AIM framework: clarifications and resources","volume":"5","author":"Holtrop","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2025.09.027","article-title":"Self-reported readiness-to-change alcohol use in emergency department patients with alcohol use disorder is associated with linkage to treatment","volume":"87","author":"Ryus","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064426001927?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0196064426001927?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T19:30:23Z","timestamp":1778959823000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0196064426001927"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0196064426001927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0196-0644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0196-0644","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An Emergency Department Nudge-Based Strategy to Screen and Treat Patients With Alcohol Misuse","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Emergency Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2026.03.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 by the American College of Emergency Physicians.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}