{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:05:59Z","timestamp":1761005159826,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,1]],"date-time":"2010-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,10]],"date-time":"2010-04-10T04:34:24Z","timestamp":1270874064000},"page":"323-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Associations of Job Strain and Occupation with Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The CARDIA Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kurt J.","family":"Greenlund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catarina I.","family":"Kiefe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayne H.","family":"Giles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.769","article-title":"Is job strain a major source of cardiovascular disease risk?","volume":"30","author":"Belkic","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.71.7.694","article-title":"Job decision latitude, job demands, and cardiovascular disease: A prospective study of Swedish men","volume":"71","author":"Karasek","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199307000-00011","article-title":"Control over work pace, job strain, and cardiovascular responses in middle-aged men","volume":"11","author":"Steptoe","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pu.15.050194.002121","article-title":"Job strain and cardiovascular disease","volume":"15","author":"Schnall","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Rev Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.68","article-title":"Two alternative job stress models and the risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"88","author":"Bosma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"7369","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7369.857","article-title":"Work stress and risk of cardiovascular mortality: prospective cohort study of industrial employees","volume":"325","author":"Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000181271.04169.93","article-title":"Job strain and early atherosclerosis: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study","volume":"67","author":"Hintsanen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.6.1169","article-title":"Work-related psychosocial factors and carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Rosvall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh127","article-title":"Does job strain increase the risk for coronary heart disease or death in men and women? The Framingham Offspring Study","volume":"159","author":"Eaker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.6.1147","article-title":"A prospective study of job strain and coronary heart disease in US women","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)00385-7","article-title":"Psychosocial work characteristics and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults: The CARDIA Study","volume":"41","author":"Greenlund","year":"1995","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324796abm2801_2","article-title":"Increases in job strain are associated with incident hypertension in the CARDIA Study","volume":"28","author":"Markovitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200103000-00009","article-title":"Work related stress and early atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Nordstrom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(00)00145-8","article-title":"Job strain, type-A behavior pattern, and the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis in Japanese working men","volume":"49","author":"Yoshimasu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Psychomatic Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(97)00018-4","article-title":"Work organization and atherosclerosis: Findings from the ARIC Study","volume":"14","author":"Muntaner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"7080","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7080.553","article-title":"Interaction of workplace demands and cardiovascular reactivity in progression of carotid atherosclerosis: Population-based study","volume":"314","author":"Everson","year":"1997","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.302","article-title":"Workplace demands, economic reward, and progression of carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"96","author":"Lynch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-008-9262-2","article-title":"Occupational social class, risk factors and cardiovascular disease incidence in men and women: A prospective study in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) cohort","volume":"23","author":"McFadden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.08.037","article-title":"Socioeconomic differences in the progression of carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged men and women with subclinical atherosclerosis in Sweden","volume":"62","author":"Rosvall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib20","first-page":"960","article-title":"Social inequalities and atherosclerosis: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study","volume":"141","author":"Diez-Roux","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J\u00a0Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.21.5.852","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of coronary calcification in black and white young adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"21","author":"Bild","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000157730.94423.4B","article-title":"Ethnic differences in coronary calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"111","author":"Bild","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.674143","article-title":"Risk factors for the progression of coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic subjects: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"115","author":"Kronmal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa072100","article-title":"Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups","volume":"358","author":"Detrano","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.03.009","article-title":"Early adult risk factor levels and subsequent coronary artery calcification: the CARDIA Study","volume":"49","author":"Loria","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(88)90080-7","article-title":"CARDIA: Study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects","volume":"41","author":"Friedman","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"year":"1985","series-title":"Job Content Instrument Questionnaire and User's Guide, Version I","author":"Karasek","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib27"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2341040439","article-title":"Calcified coronary artery plaque measurement with cardiac CT in population-based studies: Standardized protocol of Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study","volume":"234","author":"Carr","year":"2005","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.15.1793","article-title":"Education, 15-year risk-factor progression, and coronary artery calcium in young adulthood and early middle age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study","volume":"295","author":"Yan","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.3.327","article-title":"Job strain and the prevalence and outcome of coronary artery disease","volume":"92","author":"Hlatky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117051","article-title":"Decision latitude, psychologic demand, job strain, and coronary heart disease in the Western Electric Study","volume":"139","author":"Alterman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200205000-00002","article-title":"Relationship between all-cause mortality and cumulative working life course psychosocial and physical exposures in the United States labor market from 1968 to 1992","volume":"64","author":"Amick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115160","article-title":"Occupational strain and the incidence of coronary heart disease","volume":"129","author":"Reed","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.14.1652","article-title":"Job strain and risk of acute recurrent coronary heart disease events","volume":"298","author":"Aboa-\u00c9boul\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.2.147","article-title":"Job strain, job demands, decision latitude, and risk of coronary heart disease within the Whitehall II Study","volume":"57","author":"Kuper","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000201512.05720.87","article-title":"Psychological job demands increase the risk of ischaemic heart disease: A 14-year cohort study of employed Danish men","volume":"13","author":"Netterstr\u00f8m","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.8.4.282","article-title":"\u201cThe very best of the millennium\u201d: Longitudinal research and the demand-control-(support) model","volume":"8","author":"De Lange","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Occup Health Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1049","article-title":"Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease\u2014A meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1052","article-title":"Work stress and health risk behavior","volume":"6","author":"Siegrist","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0274(199702)31:2<256::AID-AJIM16>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"A follow-up study of job strain and heart disease among males in the NHANES1 population","volume":"31","author":"Steenland","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1163","article-title":"Job strain and arteriosclerosis in three different types of arteries among male Japanese factory workers","volume":"34","author":"Michikawa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-008-0319-z","article-title":"Relationship between two alternative occupational stress models and arterial stiffness: A cross-sectional study among Japanese workers","volume":"82","author":"Utsugi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.918","article-title":"Association between work-related psychological stress and arterial stiffness measured by brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity in young Japanese males from an information service company","volume":"31","author":"Nomura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib44","series-title":"Social Inequalities and Cancer. IARC Scientific Publications No. 138","first-page":"51","article-title":"The measurement of social class in health studies: Old measures and new formulations","author":"Berkman","year":"1997"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.22.2879","article-title":"Socioeconomic status in health research: One size does not fit all","volume":"294","author":"Braveman","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000221252.84351.e2","article-title":"Why is evidence on job strain and coronary heart disease mixed? An illustration of measurement challenges in the Whitehall II Study","volume":"68","author":"Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.032144","article-title":"Measuring change in psychosocial working conditions: Methodological issues to consider when data are collected at baseline and one follow-up time point","volume":"65","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"}],"container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104727971000030X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104727971000030X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T02:07:24Z","timestamp":1760926044000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S104727971000030X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S104727971000030X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-2797"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1047-2797"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Associations of Job Strain and Occupation with Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The CARDIA Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}