{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T20:41:28Z","timestamp":1779309688835,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,7]],"date-time":"2011-05-07T20:33:14Z","timestamp":1304800394000},"page":"440-449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Duration of Physical Activity and Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Status of Postmenopausal Women"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Kluczynski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Lamonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Mares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Wactawski-Wende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley Wilder","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinne D.","family":"Engelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda G.","family":"Snetselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria E.","family":"Sarto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy E.","family":"Millen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency","volume":"357","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/76.1.187","article-title":"Hypovitaminosis D prevalence and determinants among African American and white women of reproductive age: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994","volume":"76","author":"Nesby-O\u2019Dell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26182","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of the US population: 1988\u20131994 compared with 2000\u20132004","volume":"88","author":"Looker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.01.011","article-title":"Vitamin D status in postmenopausal women living at higher latitudes in the UK in relation to bone health, overweight, sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D","volume":"42","author":"Macdonald","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj101","article-title":"Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and cancer incidence and mortality in men","volume":"98","author":"Giovannucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2364","article-title":"Prevalence of Vitamin D inadequacy among postmenopausal North American women receiving osteoporosis therapy","volume":"90","author":"Holick","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2006.01066.x","article-title":"Risk factors for vitamin D inadequacy among women with osteoporosis: An international epidemiological study","volume":"60","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3381","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2702","article-title":"Genetic and environmental determinants of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in Hispanic and African Americans","volume":"93","author":"Engelman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28908","article-title":"Predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations among postmenopausal women: The Women\u2019s Health Initiative Calcium plus Vitamin D clinical trial","volume":"91","author":"Millen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.1.1","article-title":"Association between insufficiently physically active and the prevalence of obesity in the United States","volume":"6","author":"Brock","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Phys Act Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn163","article-title":"Frequency of leisure-time physical activity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in the US population: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"168","author":"Scragg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.032","article-title":"Outdoor exercise reduces the risk of hypovitaminosis D in the obese","volume":"103","author":"Florez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1995.tb01526.x","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is related to physical activity and ethnicity but not obesity in a multicultural workforce","volume":"25","author":"Scragg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-009-9277-z","article-title":"Effect of physical activity on calcium homeostasis and calciotropic hormones: a review","volume":"85","author":"Maimoun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib15","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Effect of physical activity on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the rat","volume":"256","author":"Yeh","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s002230001132","article-title":"Exercise-trained young men have higher calcium absorption rates and plasma calcitriol levels compared with age-matched sedentary controls","volume":"67","author":"Zittermann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barnes BB, Chang-Claude J, Flesch-Janys D, Kinscherf R, Schmidt M, Slanger T, et\u00a0al. Cancer risk factors associated with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3 levels in healthy women: Effect modification by menopausal status. Cancer Causes Control. 2009; Jul 12. [Epub ahead of print].","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9393-0"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2174\/138920106776597621","article-title":"The role of insulin-like growth factor I components in the regulation of vitamin D","volume":"7","author":"Gomez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021787","article-title":"Effects of growth hormone replacement on parathyroid hormone sensitivity and bone mineral metabolism","volume":"88","author":"Ahmad","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00043-7","article-title":"Implementation of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative study design","volume":"13","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00042-5","article-title":"The Women\u2019s Health Initiative recruitment methods and results","volume":"13","author":"Hays","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(97)00078-0","article-title":"The Women\u2019s Health Initiative Study Group","volume":"19","year":"1998","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.5.1107","article-title":"Predictors of optical density of lutein and zeaxanthin in retinas of older women in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study, an ancillary study of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative","volume":"84","author":"Mares","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200724120-00005","article-title":"Optimal vitamin D status for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"24","author":"Holick","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.066","article-title":"Circulating vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in humans: An important tool to define adequate nutritional vitamin D status","volume":"103","author":"Hollis","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818ace55","article-title":"Test-retest reliability of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative physical activity questionnaire","volume":"41","author":"Meyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31819b2482","article-title":"Evaluation of physical activity measures used in middle-aged women","volume":"41","author":"Pettee Gabriel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib29","series-title":"Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib30","series-title":"Anthropometric Standardization Reference Manual","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib31","series-title":"Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaulation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(98)00055-6","article-title":"Measurement characteristics of the Women\u2019s Health Initiative food frequency questionnaire","volume":"9","author":"Patterson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/148.7.643","article-title":"Validity of methods used to assess vitamin and mineral supplement use","volume":"148","author":"Patterson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980099000361","article-title":"Evaluation of a simplified vitamin supplement inventory developed for the Women\u2019s Health Initiative","volume":"2","author":"Patterson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650030402","article-title":"The effects of muscle-building exercise on vitamin D and mineral metabolism","volume":"3","author":"Bell","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3273","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1532","article-title":"Heritability and environmental factors affecting vitamin D status in rural Chinese adolescent twins","volume":"94","author":"Arguelles","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.137","article-title":"Predictors of vitamin D biochemical status in a large sample of middle-aged male smokers in Finland","volume":"64","author":"Brock","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-008-0667-2","article-title":"Relationship between vitamin D status, body composition and physical exercise of adolescent girls in Beijing","volume":"20","author":"Foo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602825","article-title":"Vitamin D status and health correlates among German adults","volume":"62","author":"Hintzpeter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-004-1733-z","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency in adolescent males in Southern Tasmania: Prevalence, determinants, and relationship to bone turnover markers","volume":"16","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1888-2","article-title":"Determinants of vitamin D status in older women living in a subtropical climate","volume":"16","author":"Lucas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib42","first-page":"372","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is related to fish intake and exercise in Korean adult men","volume":"18","author":"Lym","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/88.1.133","article-title":"Vitamin D insufficiency in a multiethnic cohort of breast cancer survivors","volume":"88","author":"Neuhouser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-009-0095-1","article-title":"The impact of lifestyle factors on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels: A cross-sectional study in Japanese women aged 19\u201325 years","volume":"27","author":"Ohta","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.02.020","article-title":"Behavioural and physical characteristics associated with vitamin D status in women","volume":"44","author":"Pasco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(92)90014-H","article-title":"Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and its relation to physical activity and other heart disease risk factors in the general population","volume":"2","author":"Scragg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(95)01040-K","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels decreased in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus","volume":"27","author":"Scragg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-191","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D status in African American men","volume":"9","author":"Tseng","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1678S","article-title":"Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"80","author":"Holick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.690","article-title":"Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity","volume":"72","author":"Wortsman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011_bib51","first-page":"82","article-title":"Prevalence of no leisure time physical activity\u201435 states and the Disctirct of Columbia, 1988\u20132002","volume":"53","author":"Ham","year":"2004","journal-title":"MMWR"}],"container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047279710004503?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047279710004503?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T02:10:01Z","timestamp":1760926201000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1047279710004503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047279710004503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Duration of Physical Activity and Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D Status of Postmenopausal Women","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2010.11.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}