{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:33:18Z","timestamp":1790703198965,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T12:02:17Z","timestamp":1366372937000},"page":"314-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Early childhood diarrhea and cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood: the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama Nutritional Supplementation Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mark D.","family":"DeBoer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Burt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ramirez-Zea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L.","family":"Guerrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aryeh D.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reynaldo","family":"Martorell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max A.","family":"Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.12.008","article-title":"Developmental origins of metabolic disease: life course and intergenerational perspectives","volume":"21","author":"Godfrey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(02)00689-6","article-title":"Fetal programming of coronary heart disease","volume":"13","author":"Barker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200606000-00009","article-title":"Adult consequences of fetal growth restriction","volume":"49","author":"Barker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00399095","article-title":"Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): relation to reduced fetal growth","volume":"36","author":"Barker","year":"1993","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6918","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6918.1524","article-title":"Growth in utero and serum cholesterol concentrations in adult life","volume":"307","author":"Barker","year":"1993","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035698","article-title":"Relation of serial changes in childhood body-mass index to impaired glucose tolerance in young adulthood","volume":"350","author":"Bhargava","year":"2004","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4657","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2001-011940","article-title":"Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion in children born small for gestational age","volume":"87","author":"Veening","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90167-L","article-title":"Intrauterine growth retardation and blood pressure at age seven and eighteen","volume":"45","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6673","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.298.6673.564","article-title":"Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease","volume":"298","author":"Barker","year":"1989","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0911","article-title":"Adult metabolic syndrome and impaired glucose tolerance are associated with different patterns of BMI gain during infancy: data from the New Delhi Birth Cohort","volume":"31","author":"Fall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9609","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61692-4","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital","volume":"371","author":"Victora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2012.00543.x","article-title":"Early childhood growth failure and the developmental origins of adult disease: do enteric infections and malnutrition increase risk for the metabolic syndrome?","volume":"70","author":"DeBoer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488S","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27113B","article-title":"Epigenetic mechanisms for nutrition determinants of later health outcomes","volume":"89","author":"Zeisel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0211075","article-title":"Epigenetics, bioenergetics, and microRNA coordinate gene-specific reprogramming during acute systemic inflammation","volume":"90","author":"McCall","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2008.00082.x","article-title":"Malnutrition as an enteric infectious disease with long-term effects on child development","volume":"66","author":"Guerrant","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.6.1457","article-title":"Early childhood diarrhoea and helminthiases associate with long-term linear growth faltering","volume":"30","author":"Moore","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.05.076","article-title":"Prolonged episodes of acute diarrhea reduce growth and increased risk of persistent diarrhea in children","volume":"139","author":"Moore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9696","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61725-6","article-title":"Nutrition in early life: a global priority","volume":"374","author":"Victora","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn099","article-title":"Multi-country analysis of the effects of diarrhoea on childhood stunting","volume":"37","author":"Checkley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2012.239","article-title":"The impoverished gut\u2014a triple burden of diarrhoea, stunting and chronic disease","volume":"10","author":"Guerrant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966511000008X","article-title":"Nutritional developmental epigenomics: immediate and long-lasting effects","volume":"69","author":"Attig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0028","article-title":"Childhood obesity in developing countries: epidemiology, determinants, and prevention","volume":"33","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2007.131060","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular disease","volume":"93","author":"Sanderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330430307","article-title":"Diarrheal diseases and growth retardation in preschool Guatemalan children","volume":"43","author":"Martorell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1177\/156482659201400309","article-title":"Overview of long-term nutrition intervention studies carried out in Guatemala (1968-1988)","volume":"14","author":"Martorell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib26","first-page":"1127S","article-title":"Results and implications of the INCAP follow-up study","volume":"125","author":"Martorell","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib27","first-page":"1296","article-title":"Acute morbidity and physical growth in rural Guatemalan children","volume":"129","author":"Martorell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330430308","article-title":"The identification and evaluation of measurement variability in the anthropometry of preschool children","volume":"43","author":"Martorell","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib29","unstructured":"World Health Organizaion. Child growth standards. http:\/\/www.who.int\/childgrowth\/software\/en\/;\u00a02012."},{"issue":"2 Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265050262S102","article-title":"Rationale for a follow-up study focusing on economic productivity","volume":"26","author":"Martorell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj328","article-title":"Exposure to a nutrition supplementation intervention in early childhood and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adulthood: evidence from Guatemala","volume":"164","author":"Stein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib32","first-page":"S3061","article-title":"Evaluation of a dry chemistry method for blood lipids in field studies","volume":"12","author":"Flores","year":"1998","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"issue":"Suppl\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib33","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"27","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2","article-title":"Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure","volume":"42","author":"Chobanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association\/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement","volume":"112","author":"Grundy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2006.01858.x","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome\u2013a new world-wide definition. A consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation","volume":"23","author":"Alberti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"2 Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1177\/15648265050262S112","article-title":"Research note: a socioeconomic index for the INCAP longitudinal study 1969-77","volume":"26","author":"Maluccio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00721-3","article-title":"Effects of prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine on adult disease in later life: an overview","volume":"185","author":"Roseboom","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib39","first-page":"1332","article-title":"Growth faltering in rural Gambian infants is associated with impaired small intestinal barrier function, leading to endotoxemia and systemic inflammation","volume":"133","author":"Campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib40","first-page":"153","article-title":"Intestinal inflammation measured by fecal neopterin in Gambian children with enteropathy: association with growth failure, Giardia lamblia, and intestinal permeability","volume":"39","author":"Campbell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508083554","article-title":"Impact of intestinal permeability, inflammation status and parasitic infections on infant growth faltering in rural Bangladesh","volume":"101","author":"Goto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib42","first-page":"511","article-title":"Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: evidence from humans and animal models","volume":"108","author":"Rice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"44","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17046","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806560105","article-title":"Persistent epigenetic differences associated with prenatal exposure to famine in humans","volume":"105","author":"Heijmans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4046","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddp353","article-title":"DNA methylation differences after exposure to prenatal famine are common and timing- and sex-specific","volume":"18","author":"Tobi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32830c6939","article-title":"Elevated blood pressure predicts type 2 diabetes, but why?","volume":"26","author":"Nilsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hypertens"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.182428","article-title":"Tissue-specific upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 in spontaneously hypertensive rats through histone code modifications","volume":"59","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.4161\/epi.6.4.14961","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of somatic angiotensin-converting enzyme by DNA methylation and histone acetylation","volume":"6","author":"Riviere","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epigenetics"}],"container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047279713000872?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047279713000872?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T02:13:54Z","timestamp":1760926434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1047279713000872"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1047279713000872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Early childhood diarrhea and cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood: the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama Nutritional Supplementation Longitudinal Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.03.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}