{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:07:27Z","timestamp":1791216447253,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]],"date-time":"2014-01-15T16:45:42Z","timestamp":1389804342000},"page":"260-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Population attributable fractions for three perinatal risk factors for autism spectrum disorders, 2002 and 2008 autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Schieve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin H.","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Baio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Wiggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Maenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marshalyn","family":"Yeargin-Allsopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Durkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell S.","family":"Kirby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha S.","family":"Wingate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen","family":"Devine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib1","series-title":"American Psychiatric Association. Task Force on DSM-IV. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR","year":"2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders\u2014Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 14 sites, United States, 2008","volume":"61","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR Surveill Summ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib3","series-title":"Changes in prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder in school-aged U.S. children: 2007 to 2011\u20132012. National health statistics reports; no 65","author":"Blumberg","year":"2013"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1004-0","article-title":"Parent-reported prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in US-born children: an assessment of changes within birth cohorts from the 2003 to the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health","volume":"16","author":"Schieve","year":"2012","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.059345","article-title":"Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population study","volume":"194","author":"Baron-Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005501105","article-title":"Prevalence of pervasive developmental disorders among children at the English Montreal School Board","volume":"55","author":"Lazoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1302-1","article-title":"Are autism spectrum conditions more prevalent in an information-technology region? A school-based study of three regions in the Netherlands","volume":"42","author":"Roelfsema","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.38","article-title":"Epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders in adults in the community in England","volume":"68","author":"Brugha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10101532","article-title":"Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in a total population sample","volume":"168","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e3181ff67ba","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders\u2014a genetics review","volume":"13","author":"Miles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.76","article-title":"Genetic heritability and shared environmental factors among twin pairs with autism","volume":"68","author":"Hallmayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2011.08.009","article-title":"Have secular changes in perinatal risk factors contributed to the recent autism prevalence increase? Development and application of a mathematical assessment model","volume":"21","author":"Schieve","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22620","article-title":"Inflammation during fetal and neonatal life: implications for neurologic and neuropsychiatric disease in children and adults","volume":"71","author":"Hagberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1540-x","article-title":"Is maternal influenza or fever during pregnancy associated with autism or developmental delays? Results from the CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) Study","volume":"43","author":"Zerbo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autism Dev Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.73","article-title":"Antidepressant use during pregnancy and childhood autism spectrum disorders","volume":"68","author":"Croen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2009.02.014","article-title":"Valproic acid in pregnancy: how much are we endangering the embryo and fetus?","volume":"28","author":"Ornoy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11689-011-9093-4","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to \u03b22-adrenergic receptor agonists and risk of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"3","author":"Croen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurodev Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10168","article-title":"Maternal residence near agricultural pesticide applications and autism spectrum disorders among children in the California Central Valley","volume":"115","author":"Roberts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9120","article-title":"Autism spectrum disorders in relation to distribution of hazardous air pollutants in the San Francisco bay area","volume":"114","author":"Windham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-3-6","article-title":"A\u00a0nearly continuous measure of birth weight for gestational age using a United States national reference","volume":"3","author":"Oken","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.15","article-title":"Use and misuse of population attributable fractions","volume":"88","author":"Rockhill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)00161-I","article-title":"Sequential and average attributable fractions as aids in the selection of preventive strategies","volume":"48","author":"Eide","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00002-X","article-title":"Averaging attributable fractions in the multifactorial situation: assumptions and interpretation","volume":"51","author":"Gefeller","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.2307\/2532443","article-title":"Variance calculations and confidence intervals for estimates of the attributable risk based on logistic models","volume":"46","author":"Benichou","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib25","unstructured":"Gail DM: Interactive Risk Assessment Program. Version 2.2, 2002. Available from http:\/\/dceg.cancer.gov\/tools\/risk-assessment\/irap. Accessed 03 February 2014."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib26","series-title":"SAS\/STAT\u00ae 9.2. User's Guide","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014_bib27","series-title":"SAS\u00ae 9.2 Macro Language: Reference","year":"2009"}],"container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104727971400009X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S104727971400009X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T02:13:58Z","timestamp":1760926438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S104727971400009X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S104727971400009X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Population attributable fractions for three perinatal risk factors for autism spectrum disorders, 2002 and 2008 autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2013.12.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}