{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:44:43Z","timestamp":1780083883070,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T21:38:34Z","timestamp":1599773914000},"page":"14-20.e8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comprehensive assessment of the associations between maternal diabetes and structural birth defects in offspring: a phenome-wide association study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Jeremy M.","family":"Schraw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Langlois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6743a2","article-title":"Prevalence and changes in preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes among women who had a live birth - United States, 2012-2016","volume":"67","author":"Deputy","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-013-0749-6","article-title":"Risk factors in the origin of congenital left-ventricular outflow-tract obstruction defects of the heart: a population-based case-control study","volume":"35","author":"Csaky-Szunyogh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.001054","article-title":"Association between maternal chronic conditions and congenital heart defects: a population-based cohort study","volume":"128","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2455-y","article-title":"Peri-conception hyperglycaemia and nephropathy are associated with risk of congenital anomaly in women with pre-existing diabetes: a population-based cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Bell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.22886","article-title":"Spectrum of congenital anomalies in pregnancies with pregestational diabetes","volume":"94","author":"Garne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.04.022","article-title":"Maternal risk factors for congenital urinary anomalies: results of a population-based case-control study","volume":"78","author":"Shnorhavorian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-4520.2010.00275.x","article-title":"Congenital abnormalities in the offspring of pregnant women with type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus: a population-based case-control study","volume":"50","author":"Banhidy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Congenit Anom"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.06.028","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus and birth defects","volume":"199","author":"Correa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"7560","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38856.692986.AE","article-title":"Perinatal mortality and congenital anomalies in babies of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: population based study","volume":"333","author":"Macintosh","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2006.12.001","article-title":"A\u00a0multicenter Italian study on pregnancy outcome in women with diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Lapolla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1502","article-title":"Evaluation of prenatal diabetes mellitus and other risk factors for craniofacial microsomia","volume":"111","author":"Siebold","year":"2019","journal-title":"Birth defects Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13843","article-title":"Gestational diabetes and adiposity are independent risk factors for perinatal outcomes: a population based cohort study in Sweden","volume":"36","author":"Hilden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1501","article-title":"Risk factors associated with the development of double-inlet ventricle congenital heart disease","volume":"111","author":"Paige","year":"2019","journal-title":"Birth defects Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017465","article-title":"Prepregnancy diabetes and offspring risk of congenital heart disease: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"133","author":"Oyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000001694","article-title":"Maternal diabetes, birth weight, and neonatal risk of congenital heart defects in Norway, 1994-2009","volume":"128","author":"Leirgul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.11.017","article-title":"Maternal diabetes mellitus and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in the child","volume":"65","author":"Dart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2717","article-title":"Trends in incidence of diabetes in pregnancy and serious perinatal outcomes: a large, population-based study in Ontario, Canada, 1996-2010","volume":"37","author":"Feig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9913-4","article-title":"Risk of birth defects associated with maternal pregestational diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Vinceti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2005.01477.x","article-title":"Risk of specific congenital abnormalities in offspring of women with diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Nielsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200111000-00009","article-title":"Effects of hyperinsulinemia and obesity on risk of neural tube defects among Mexican Americans","volume":"12","author":"Hendricks","year":"2001","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12543","article-title":"Association of maternal risk factors with the recent rise of neural tube defects in Canada","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.08.028","article-title":"Specific birth defects in pregnancies of women with diabetes: National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011","volume":"222","author":"Tinker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.1113\/JP273122","article-title":"Phenome-wide association studies: a new method for functional genomics in humans","volume":"595","author":"Roden","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12195","article-title":"The challenges, advantages and future of phenome-wide association studies","volume":"141","author":"Hebbring","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2015.36","article-title":"Unravelling the human genome-phenome relationship using phenome-wide association studies","volume":"17","author":"Bush","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0226771","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226771","article-title":"A\u00a0phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study reveals potential pleiotropy in African Americans","volume":"14","author":"Pendergrass","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41525-019-0078-7","article-title":"A\u00a0phenome-wide association study to discover pleiotropic effects of PCSK9, APOB, and LDLR","volume":"4","author":"Safarova","year":"2019","journal-title":"NPJ Genom Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6909.2006.00016.x","article-title":"The reliability and validity of birth certificates","volume":"35","author":"Northam","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.2.323","article-title":"Poor pregnancy outcome in women with type 2 diabetes","volume":"28","author":"Clausen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7445","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38043.583160.EE","article-title":"Risk of complications of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes: nationwide prospective study in the Netherlands","volume":"328","author":"Evers","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2003.01017.x","article-title":"Pregnancy in women with type 2 diabetes: 12 years outcome data 1990-2002","volume":"20","author":"Dunne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib32","first-page":"315","article-title":"Outcomes of pregnancies in women with type 1 diabetes in Scotland: a national population-based study","volume":"110","author":"Penney","year":"2003","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.5582\/ddt.2015.01044","article-title":"Association between maternal diabetes mellitus and the risk of congenital malformations: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Discov Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200011000-00013","article-title":"A\u00a0prospective study of the risk of congenital defects associated with maternal obesity and diabetes mellitus","volume":"11","author":"Moore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-4-41","article-title":"Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with diabetes","volume":"4","author":"Negrato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200003000-00004","article-title":"Why do diabetic women deliver malformed infants?","volume":"43","author":"Reece","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980630)78:2<140::AID-AJMG8>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of outcomes of pregnancy in gestational diabetic mothers","volume":"78","author":"Martinez-Frias","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20403","article-title":"Seeking causes: classifying and evaluating congenital heart defects in etiologic studies","volume":"79","author":"Botto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0390-9","article-title":"Reviewing performance of birth certificate and hospital discharge data to identify births complicated by maternal diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Devlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ14-0140","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a retrospective multi-institutional study in Japan","volume":"61","author":"Sato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocr J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00059-010-3244-3","article-title":"Congenital heart disease in pregnancies complicated by maternal diabetes mellitus. An international clinical collaboration, literature review, and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Lisowski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Herz"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.11.2990","article-title":"French multicentric survey of outcome of pregnancy in women with pregestational diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Boulot","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib43","first-page":"925","article-title":"Maternal diabetes mellitus and infant malformations","volume":"100","author":"Sheffield","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(00)70217-1","article-title":"Patterns of congenital anomalies and relationship to initial maternal fasting glucose levels in pregnancies complicated by type 2 and gestational diabetes","volume":"182","author":"Schaefer-Graf","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)34210-4","article-title":"Pregnancy outcomes in diabetes subtypes: how do they compare? A province-based study of Ontario, 2005-2006","volume":"31","author":"Peticca","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Obstet Gynaecol Can"}],"container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047279720302878?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047279720302878?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T02:26:06Z","timestamp":1760927166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1047279720302878"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1047279720302878"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comprehensive assessment of the associations between maternal diabetes and structural birth defects in offspring: a phenome-wide association study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.08.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}