{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T18:58:26Z","timestamp":1782932306566,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005561","name":"North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["46745"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["46745"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T08:10:22Z","timestamp":1758701422000},"page":"82-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Implications of case definition selection on traumatic brain injury trends: A controlled interrupted time-series analysis of North Carolina emergency department data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0097-6631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas M.","family":"Neuroth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuni","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Harmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.4618","article-title":"Trends in traumatic brain injury mortality in the US","volume":"81","author":"Shaik","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib2","first-page":"1998","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury hospital stays are longer, more costly","volume":"323","author":"Rubin","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"89","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Proposed framework for presenting injury data using the international classification of diseases, tenth revision, clinical modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis codes","author":"Hedegaard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Natl Health Stat Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib4","first-page":"31","article-title":"Accuracy of mild traumatic brain injury case ascertainment using ICD-9 codes","volume":"13","author":"Bazarian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i13","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043517","article-title":"Multisite medical record review of emergency department visits for unspecified injury of head following the ICD-10-CM coding transition","volume":"27","author":"Peterson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000002003","article-title":"Medical Coders\u2019 use of the ICD-10-CM \u201cUnspecified\u201d codes for head and brain injury in emergency department settings","volume":"31","author":"Wharton","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-021-00308-y","article-title":"Interrupted time series design to evaluate ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM coding changes on trends in Colorado emergency department visits related to traumatic brain injury","volume":"8","author":"De Crescenzo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2023.07.024","article-title":"Emergency department volume, severity, and crowding since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic","volume":"82","author":"Oskvarek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.04.019","article-title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of emergency department services for the treatment of injuries","volume":"47","author":"Harmon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/00131640021970358","article-title":"Design specification issues in Time-Series intervention models","volume":"60","author":"Huitema","year":"2000","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib11","unstructured":"North Carolina Chamber of Commerce. COVID-19 Resource Guide: State of NC Updates. NC Chamber. Accessed February 7, 2025. https:\/\/ncchamber.com\/coronavirus-resource-guide-nc-business\/state-of-nc-updates\/."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X1701700105","article-title":"A comprehensive set of postestimation measures to enrich interrupted Time-series analysis","volume":"17","author":"Linden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stata J Promot Commun Stat Stata"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2307\/1913610","article-title":"A simple, positive Semi-Definite, heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix","volume":"55","author":"Newey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2307\/2297912","article-title":"Automatic lag selection in covariance matrix estimation","volume":"61","author":"Newey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Rev Econ Stud"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577654","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"18","author":"Von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib16","series-title":"Traumatic brain injury: a roadmap for accelerating progress","author":"National Academies of Sciences E","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2020.05.006","article-title":"Emergency department management of traumatic brain injuries: a resource tiered review","volume":"10","author":"Dixon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Afr J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001511","article-title":"Costs of nonfatal traumatic brain injury in the United States, 2016","volume":"59","author":"Miller","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib19","unstructured":"Peterson A.B., Xu L., Daugherty J., Breiding M.J. Surveillance report of traumatic brain injury-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths, United States, 2014. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (U.S.), ed. Published online 2019. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/78062."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1136\/ip-2022-044817","article-title":"Mechanisms of traumatic injury by demographic characteristics: an 8-year review of temporal trends from The National trauma data bank","volume":"29","author":"Tomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.5954","article-title":"Burnout trends among US health care workers","volume":"8","author":"Mohr","year":"2025","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40621-018-0165-8","article-title":"Interrupted time series design to evaluate the effect of the ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM coding transition on injury hospitalization trends","volume":"5","author":"Slavova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inj Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy135","article-title":"The use of controls in interrupted time series studies of public health interventions","volume":"47","author":"Bernal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047279725002728?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1047279725002728?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T04:01:07Z","timestamp":1764043267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1047279725002728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["S1047279725002728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-2797"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-2797","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Implications of case definition selection on traumatic brain injury trends: A controlled interrupted time-series analysis of North Carolina emergency department data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Epidemiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annepidem.2025.09.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}