{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T16:16:30Z","timestamp":1776701790093,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7-8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,1]],"date-time":"2008-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1214870400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","em-consulte.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annales Fran\u00e7aises d'Anesth\u00e9sie et de R\u00e9animation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,8]],"date-time":"2008-07-08T06:25:17Z","timestamp":1215498317000},"page":"581-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Quels sont les outils d\u2019\u00e9valuation de la s\u00e9dation et de l\u2019analg\u00e9sie\u00a0?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Thuong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise d\u2019anesth\u00e9sie et de r\u00e9animation (SFAR). Recommandations pour la pratique clinique: s\u00e9dation, analg\u00e9sie et curarisation","volume":"19","author":"Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de r\u00e9animation de langue fran\u00e7aise-SRLF","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200201000-00020","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult","volume":"30","author":"Jacobi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5920.656","article-title":"Controlled sedation with alphaxone-alphadone","volume":"2","author":"Ramsay","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199403000-00013","article-title":"Continuous infusion of haloperidol controls agitation in critically ill patients","volume":"22","author":"Riker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199907000-00008","article-title":"Motor Activity Assessment Scale: a valid and reliable sedation scale for use with mechanically ventilated patients in an adult surgical intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"Devlin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00208-0","article-title":"Measuring quality of sedation in adult mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. The Vancouver Interaction and Calmness Scale. Sedation Focus Group","volume":"53","author":"de Lomos","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340051150","article-title":"Using and understanding sedation scoring systems: a systematic review","volume":"26","author":"De Jonghe","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-005-2856-1","article-title":"Trends in sedation practices in Danish intensive care units in 2003: a national survey","volume":"32","author":"Egerod","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0214-6","article-title":"Sedation and analgesia in German intensive care units: how is it done in reality? Results of a patient-based survey of analgesia and sedation","volume":"32","author":"Martin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000196830.61965.F1","article-title":"Canadian survey of the use of sedatives, analgesics, and neuromuscular blocking agents in critically ill patients","volume":"34","author":"Mehta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340051282","article-title":"Intensive care sedation: a review of current British practice","volume":"26","author":"Murdoch","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066603251200","article-title":"National survey of the use of sedating drugs, neuromuscular blocking agents, and reversal agents in the intensive care unit","volume":"18","author":"Rhoney","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/01.anes.0000264747.09017.da","article-title":"Current practices in sedation and analgesia for mechanically ventilated critically ill patients","volume":"106","author":"Payen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/87.2.186","article-title":"Sedative and analgesic practice in the intensive care unit: the results of a European survey","volume":"87","author":"Soliman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200112000-00004","article-title":"Assessing pain in critically ill sedated patients by using a behavioral pain scale","volume":"29","author":"Payen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.19106","article-title":"Development of an intensive care unit bedside sedation scale","volume":"35","author":"Avripas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2107138","article-title":"The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care unit patients","volume":"166","author":"Sessler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000084850.16444.94","article-title":"Adaptation to the Intensive Care (ATICE): development and validation of a new sedation assessment instrument","volume":"31","author":"De Jonghe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2005.09.005","article-title":"The reliability and validity of a new and simple method to measure sedation levels in intensive care patients: a pilot study","volume":"35","author":"Binnekade","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.6.1883","article-title":"The state of intubated ICU patients: development of a two-dimensional sedation rating scale for critically ill adults","volume":"126","author":"Weinert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2006.15.4.420","article-title":"Validation of the critical-care pain observation tool in adult patients","volume":"15","author":"Gelinas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2006.02.017","article-title":"Validation de l\u2019\u00e9chelle de vigilance\u2013agitation de Richmond traduite en langue fran\u00e7aise","volume":"25","author":"Chanques","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Fr Anesth Reanim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00012","article-title":"Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for ther Intensive care Unit (CAM-ICU)","volume":"29","author":"Ely","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-006-0399-8","article-title":"Subsyndromal delirium in the ICU: evidence for a disease spectrum","volume":"33","author":"Ouimet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1385\/NCC:2:2:150","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the DDS for severity of delirium in the ICU","volume":"2","author":"Otter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurocrit care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.21.2703","article-title":"Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU)","volume":"286","author":"Ely","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6955-4-7","article-title":"Recognition of delirium in ICU patients: a diagnostic study of the NEECHAM confusion scale in ICU patients","volume":"13","author":"Immers","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.22.2983","article-title":"Monitoring sedation status over time in ICU patients: reliability and validity of the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS)","volume":"289","author":"Ely","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340100912","article-title":"Validating the Sedation-Agitation Scale with the Bispectral Index and Visual Analog Scale in adult ICU patients after cardiac surgery","volume":"27","author":"Riker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.21.5.431.34487","article-title":"Confirming the reliability of the Sedation-Agitation Scale administered by ICU nurses without experience in its use","volume":"21","author":"Brandl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2005.04.004","article-title":"Use of Behavioural Pain Scale to assess pain in ventilated, unconscious and\/or sedated patients","volume":"22","author":"Young","year":"2006","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/00003465-200703000-00010","article-title":"Between the fixed and changing\u201d: Examining and comparing reliability and validity of 3 sedation-agitation scale measuring scales","volume":"26","author":"Rassin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dimens Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2001.10.2.79","article-title":"Interrater reliability of 2 sedation scales in a medical intensive care unit: a preliminary report","volume":"10","author":"Hogg","year":"2001","journal-title":"AM J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340000761","article-title":"Evaluation of two processed EEG analyzers for assessment of sedation after coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"27","author":"Walder","year":"2001","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1183-4","article-title":"Is the bispectral index appropriate for monitoring the sedation level of mechanically ventilated surgical ICU patients","volume":"28","author":"Frenzel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200207000-00014","article-title":"How reliable is the Bispectral Index in critically ill patients? A prospective, comparative, single-blinded observer study","volume":"30","author":"Nasraway","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021502000030","article-title":"Sedation assessment in critically ill patients with bispectral index","volume":"19","author":"Riess","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-001-1189-y","article-title":"Bispectral index variations during tracheal suction in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: effect of an alfentanil bolus","volume":"28","author":"Brocas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200205000-00009","article-title":"Bispectral index-guided sedation with dexmedetomidine in intensive care: A prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled phase II study","volume":"30","author":"Triltsch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.23.10.1087.32766","article-title":"Comparing the bispectral index and suppression ratio with burst suppression of the electroencephalogram during pentobarbital infusions in adult intensive care patients","volume":"23","author":"Riker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200307000-00006","article-title":"Overestimation of bispectral index in sedated intensive care unit patients revealed by administration of muscle relaxant","volume":"99","author":"Vivien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2003.12.4.343","article-title":"Administration of sedatives and level of sedation: comparative evaluation via the Sedation\u2013Agitation Scale and the Bispectral Index","volume":"12","author":"de Wit","year":"2003","journal-title":"AM J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2298-1","article-title":"Consciousness monitoring in ventilated patients: bispectral EEG monitors arousal not delirium","volume":"30","author":"Ely","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000147442.14921.A5","article-title":"Bispectral Index monitoring correlates with sedation scales in brain-injured patients","volume":"32","author":"Deogaonkar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021250320103","article-title":"Bispectral Index in ICU: correlation with Ramsay Score on assessment of sedation level","volume":"17","author":"Mondello","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2092-5","article-title":"Patient State Index (PSI) measures depth of sedation in intensive care patients","volume":"30","author":"Schneider","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib47","first-page":"329","article-title":"Bispectral Index compared to Ramsay score for sedation monitoring in intensive care units","volume":"72","author":"Consales","year":"2006","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000156291.04287.7F","article-title":"Comparison of two bispectral index algorithms in monitoring sedation in postoperative intensive care patients","volume":"2005","author":"Tonner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000167782.47957.e1","article-title":"Can electroencephalographic analysis be used to determine sedation levels in critically ill patients?","volume":"101","author":"Roustan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021506000081","article-title":"The correlation between the Richmond agitation-sedation scale and bispectral index durind dexmedetomidine sedation","volume":"23","author":"Turkmen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1219-4","article-title":"Detection of brain death onset using the bispectral index in severely comatose patients","volume":"28","author":"Vivien","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050861","article-title":"Comparison of five sedation scoring systems by mean of auditory evoked potentials","volume":"25","author":"Schulte-Tamburen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R483","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2984","article-title":"The effect of interruption to propofol sedation on auditory event-related potentials and electroencephalogram in intensive care patients","volume":"8","author":"Ypp\u00e4ril\u00e4","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Annales Fran\u00e7aises d'Anesth\u00e9sie et de R\u00e9animation"],"original-title":[],"language":"fr","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0750765808001706?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0750765808001706?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T10:07:50Z","timestamp":1760090870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0750765808001706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7-8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0750765808001706"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0750-7658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0750-7658","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quels sont les outils d\u2019\u00e9valuation de la s\u00e9dation et de l\u2019analg\u00e9sie\u00a0?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annales Fran\u00e7aises d'Anesth\u00e9sie et de R\u00e9animation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annfar.2008.04.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}