{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:38:50Z","timestamp":1789166330222,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annalsofoncology.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T16:04:33Z","timestamp":1765814673000},"page":"490-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Next-generation multicenter studies: using artificial intelligence to automatically process unstructured health records of patients with lung cancer across multiple institutions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7685-051X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Aldea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1659-788X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Zullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Levrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Bennouna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4760-6267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"O.","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Mougenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Bergot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Dujon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9543-0729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Cloarec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Audigier Valette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3571-7006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Nuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Deloger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Helissey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Carpentier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Djarallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Rolland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Ancillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Vignal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Rambaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Tessier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Chuttoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Siby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Poplu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Zarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Michiels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Barlesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Le Ouay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5090-8189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Besse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e746","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2019-0647","article-title":"Real-world evidence in oncology: opportunities and limitations","volume":"25","author":"Maio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20363613241234207","article-title":"Real-world evidence for ultra rare cancers","volume":"16","author":"Mavroeidis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rare Tumors"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4932","article-title":"Trial designs using real-world data: the changing landscape of the regulatory approval process","volume":"29","author":"Baumfeld Andre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.2480","article-title":"Use of real-world evidence to drive drug development strategy and inform clinical trial design","volume":"111","author":"Dagenais","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib5","article-title":"Application of real-world data to external control groups in oncology clinical trial drug development","volume":"11","author":"Yap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774519833679","article-title":"Improving pragmatic clinical trial design using real-world data","volume":"16","author":"Shortreed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib9","article-title":"Data resource profile: the systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) dataset","volume":"49","author":"Bright","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.12.018","article-title":"RET-MAP: an international multicenter study on clinicobiologic features and treatment response in patients with lung cancer harboring a RET fusion","volume":"18","author":"Aldea","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2791","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03307","article-title":"Clinicopathologic features and response to therapy of NRG1 fusion-driven lung cancers: the eNRGy1 global multicenter registry","volume":"39","author":"Drilon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2023.101932","article-title":"122P Molecular testing, treatment, and response of patients with advanced solid tumors harboring an NTRK gene fusion: second interim results of the REALTRK registry","volume":"8","author":"Lange","year":"2023","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pdig.0000347","article-title":"Challenges and best practices for digital unstructured data enrichment in health research: a systematic narrative review","volume":"2","author":"Sedlakova","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib14","first-page":"242","article-title":"Analysis of data errors in clinical research databases","volume":"2008","author":"Goldberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc"},{"issue":"105749","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib15","article-title":"Error rates of data processing methods in clinical research: a systematic review and meta-analysis of manuscripts identified through PubMed","volume":"195","author":"Garza","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Med Inform"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib16","article-title":"Automating access to real-world evidence","volume":"3","author":"Gauthier","year":"2022","journal-title":"JTO Clin Res Rep"},{"issue":"8043","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08167-5","article-title":"Automated real-world data integration improves cancer outcome prediction","volume":"636","author":"Jee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4134","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.24.00326","article-title":"Enhancing precision in detecting severe immune-related adverse events: comparative analysis of large language models and International Classification of Disease codes in patient records","volume":"42","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-025-00935-4","article-title":"Benchmarking large language models GPT-4o, llama 3.1, and qwen 2.5 for cancer genetic variant classification","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Precis Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib20","article-title":"Synoptic reporting by summarizing cancer pathology reports using Large Language Models","author":"Rajaganapathy","year":"2024","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-00808-8","article-title":"Comprehensive testing of large language models for extraction of structured data in pathology","volume":"5","author":"Grothey","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-025-02167-2","article-title":"Using generative AI to extract structured information from free text pathology reports","volume":"49","author":"Shahid","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e662","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(24)00124-9","article-title":"A future role for health applications of large language models depends on regulators enforcing safety standards","volume":"6","author":"Freyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/AIcs2300191","article-title":"GPT-4 in a cancer center \u2013 institute-wide deployment challenges and lessons learned","volume":"1","author":"Umeton","year":"2024","journal-title":"NEJM AI"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02855-5","article-title":"Adapted large language models can outperform medical experts in clinical text summarization","volume":"30","author":"Van Veen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01670-7","article-title":"A framework to assess clinical safety and hallucination rates of LLMs for medical text summarisation","volume":"8","author":"Asgari","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e404","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20200619-10","article-title":"Transcription error rates in retrospective chart reviews","volume":"43","author":"Feng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-024-02424-x","article-title":"Comparing Medical Record Abstraction (MRA) error rates in an observational study to pooled rates identified in the data quality literature","volume":"24","author":"Garza","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s41666-025-00204-w","article-title":"LongHealth: a question answering benchmark with long clinical documents","volume":"9","author":"Adams","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Healthc Inform Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s43441-022-00496-9","article-title":"Risk-based monitoring in clinical trials: 2021 update","volume":"57","author":"Adams","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ther Innov Regul Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-29","article-title":"Ongoing monitoring of data clustering in multicenter studies","volume":"12","author":"Guthrie","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"}],"container-title":["Annals of Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923753425063203?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923753425063203?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T07:14:52Z","timestamp":1784704492000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0923753425063203"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0923753425063203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0923-7534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0923-7534","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Next-generation multicenter studies: using artificial intelligence to automatically process unstructured health records of patients with lung cancer across multiple institutions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 European Society for Medical Oncology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}