{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T08:35:07Z","timestamp":1793781307451,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007075","name":"European Society for Medical Oncology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annalsofoncology.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T09:29:55Z","timestamp":1770715795000},"page":"590-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Fizazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Attard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.A.","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Baciarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Beltran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Bjartell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Bossaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Comp\u00e9rat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"de Bono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Deschamps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Efstathiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Emmett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Fanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Fonteyne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-del-Alba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gravis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.D.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kanesvaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.S.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Mehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.M.","family":"Renard-Penna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.A.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Tilki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Tombal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.C.","family":"Tree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Walz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Zilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Gillessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.12.009","article-title":"Local and locoregional prostate cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","volume":"37","author":"Walz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702900","article-title":"Abiraterone for prostate cancer not previously treated with hormone therapy","volume":"377","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1704174","article-title":"Abiraterone plus prednisone in metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer","volume":"377","author":"Fizazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903307","article-title":"Apalutamide for metastatic, castration-sensitive prostate cancer","volume":"381","author":"Chi","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4271","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-24-01798","article-title":"Darolutamide in combination with androgen-deprivation therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer from the phase III ARANOTE trial","volume":"42","author":"Saad","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of darolutamide plus androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) from the phase III ARANOTE trial","volume":"35","author":"Saad","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903835","article-title":"Enzalutamide with standard first-line therapy in metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"381","author":"Davis","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00799","article-title":"ARCHES: a randomized, phase III study of androgen deprivation therapy with enzalutamide or placebo in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","volume":"37","author":"Armstrong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10024","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01037-5","article-title":"Addition of docetaxel, zoledronic acid, or both to first-line long-term hormone therapy in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): survival results from an adaptive, multiarm, multistage, platform randomised controlled trial","volume":"387","author":"James","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1503747","article-title":"Chemohormonal therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","volume":"373","author":"Sweeney","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10336","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00367-1","article-title":"Abiraterone plus prednisone added to androgen deprivation therapy and docetaxel in de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (PEACE-1): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study with a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial design","volume":"399","author":"Fizazi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2119115","article-title":"Darolutamide and survival in metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","volume":"386","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00063-3","article-title":"Testosterone suppression plus enzalutamide versus testosterone suppression plus standard antiandrogen therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (ENZAMET): an international, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"24","author":"Sweeney","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.02.009","article-title":"Deep, rapid, and durable prostate-specific antigen decline with apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy is associated with longer survival and improved clinical outcomes in TITAN patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer","volume":"34","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.11.021","volume":"77","author":"Matsubara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.3921","article-title":"Seven-month prostate-specific antigen is prognostic in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation with or without docetaxel","volume":"36","author":"Harshman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1391825","article-title":"EORTC 2238 \u201cDe-Escalate\u201d: a pragmatic trial to revisit intermittent androgen deprivation therapy in the era of new androgen receptor pathway inhibitors","volume":"14","author":"Grisay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.51.6500","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of early zoledronic acid in men with castration-sensitive prostate cancer and bone metastases: results of CALGB 90202 (alliance)","volume":"32","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.09.008","volume":"75","author":"Boev\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"10162","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32486-3","article-title":"Radiotherapy to the primary tumour for newly diagnosed, metastatic prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): a randomised controlled phase 3 trial","volume":"392","author":"Parker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10467","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01865-8","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of prostate radiotherapy in de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (PEACE-1): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study with a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial design","volume":"404","author":"Bossi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2018.02.001","article-title":"Burden of metastatic castrate naive prostate cancer patients, to identify men more likely to benefit from early docetaxel: further analyses of CHAARTED and GETUG-AFU15 studies","volume":"73","author":"Gravis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23645","article-title":"Time of metastatic disease presentation and volume of disease are prognostic for metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC)","volume":"78","author":"Francini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2023.113290","article-title":"Apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy in clinical subgroups of patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: a subgroup analysis of the randomised clinical TITAN study","volume":"193","author":"Merseburger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00230-9","article-title":"Which patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer benefit from docetaxel: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials","volume":"24","author":"Vale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib26","first-page":"1696","article-title":"Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"377","author":"James","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.00193","article-title":"Improved survival with enzalutamide in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer","volume":"40","author":"Armstrong","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy071","article-title":"What is the optimal systemic treatment of men with metastatic, hormone-naive prostate cancer? A STOPCAP systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Vale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2023.10.012","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of metastasis-directed therapy in patients with prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"85","author":"Miszczyk","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00730-7","article-title":"ADT with SBRT versus SBRT alone for hormone-sensitive oligorecurrent prostate cancer (RADIOSA): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Marvaso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.02.008","article-title":"Systemic and tumor-directed therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer: the SOLAR phase 2 trial in de novo oligometastatic prostate cancer","volume":"86","author":"Nickols","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.4853","article-title":"Surveillance or metastasis-directed therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer recurrence: a prospective, randomized, multicenter phase II trial","volume":"36","author":"Ost","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.0147","article-title":"Outcomes of observation vs stereotactic ablative radiation for oligometastatic prostate cancer: the ORIOLE phase 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"6","author":"Phillips","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib34","article-title":"World-wide oligometastatic prostate cancer (omPC) meta-analysis leveraging individual patient data (IPD) from randomized trials (WOLVERINE): an analysis from the X-MET collaboration","volume":"43","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.0161","article-title":"Addition of metastasis-directed therapy to intermittent hormone therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer: the EXTEND phase 2 randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1715546","article-title":"Apalutamide treatment and metastasis-free survival in prostate cancer","volume":"378","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1815671","article-title":"Darolutamide in nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"380","author":"Fizazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800536","article-title":"Enzalutamide in men with nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"378","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.08.011","article-title":"Apalutamide and overall survival in prostate cancer","volume":"79","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001342","article-title":"Nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer and survival with darolutamide","volume":"383","author":"Fizazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2003892","article-title":"Enzalutamide and survival in nonmetastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"382","author":"Sternberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58975-8","article-title":"68Ga-PSMA-11 PET\/CT in restaging castration-resistant nonmetastatic prostate cancer: detection rate, impact on patients\u2019 disease management and adequacy of impact","volume":"10","author":"Fourquet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.246603","article-title":"Identification of PCWG3 target populations is more accurate and reproducible with PSMA PET than with conventional imaging: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"62","author":"Farolfi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7448","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-1050","article-title":"Prostate-specific membrane antigen ligand positron emission tomography in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"25","author":"Fendler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950701)76:1<96::AID-CNCR2820760114>3.0.CO;2-E","article-title":"Prostate specific antigen levels and clinical response to low dose dexamethasone for hormone-refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma","volume":"76","author":"Storlie","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.10.004","article-title":"A randomised phase 2 trial of dexamethasone versus prednisolone in castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"67","author":"Venkitaraman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040720","article-title":"Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer","volume":"351","author":"Tannock","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041318","article-title":"Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer","volume":"351","author":"Petrylak","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70537-5","article-title":"2-Weekly versus 3-weekly docetaxel to treat castration-resistant advanced prostate cancer: a randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"14","author":"Kellokumpu-Lehtinen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"9747","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61389-X","article-title":"Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial","volume":"376","author":"de Bono","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2016.72.1076","article-title":"Phase III study comparing a reduced dose of cabazitaxel (20 mg\/m2) and the currently approved dose (25 mg\/m2) in postdocetaxel patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer-PROSELICA","volume":"35","author":"Eisenberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.4255","article-title":"Biweekly vs triweekly cabazitaxel in older patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: the CABASTY phase 3 randomized clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Oudard","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1014618","article-title":"Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"364","author":"de Bono","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70379-0","article-title":"Abiraterone acetate for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: final overall survival analysis of the COU-AA-301 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study","volume":"13","author":"Fizazi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1207506","article-title":"Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy","volume":"367","author":"Scher","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1213755","article-title":"Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"369","author":"Parker","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107322","article-title":"Lutetium-177-PSMA-617 for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"385","author":"Sartor","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)71205-7","article-title":"Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone versus placebo plus prednisone in chemotherapy-naive men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (COU-AA-302): final overall survival analysis of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study","volume":"16","author":"Ryan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.07.032","article-title":"Enzalutamide in men with chemotherapy-na\u00efve metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: extended analysis of the phase 3 PREVAIL study","volume":"71","author":"Beer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2017.02.007","article-title":"Effect of visceral disease site on outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide in the PREVAIL trial","volume":"15","author":"Alumkal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt136","article-title":"Antitumour activity of abiraterone acetate against metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel and enzalutamide (MDV3100)","volume":"24","author":"Loriot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.01.018","article-title":"The influence of prior abiraterone treatment on the clinical activity of docetaxel in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"66","author":"Schweizer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clgc.2014.03.010","article-title":"Response to subsequent docetaxel in a patient cohort with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after abiraterone acetate treatment","volume":"12","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Genitourin Cancer"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.22872","article-title":"A retrospective, Canadian multi-center study examining the impact of prior response to abiraterone acetate on efficacy of docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"74","author":"Azad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2017.03.007","article-title":"Clinical outcomes from androgen signaling-directed therapy after treatment with abiraterone acetate and prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: post hoc analysis of COU-AA-302","volume":"72","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.08.020","article-title":"Antitumour activity of enzalutamide (MDV3100) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) pre-treated with docetaxel and abiraterone","volume":"50","author":"Bianchini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt138","article-title":"Clinical activity of abiraterone acetate in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after enzalutamide","volume":"24","author":"Noonan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2018.77.9827","article-title":"Abiraterone alone or in combination with enzalutamide in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with rising prostate-specific antigen during enzalutamide treatment","volume":"36","author":"Attard","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10459","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01653-2","article-title":"177Lu-PSMA-617 versus a change of androgen receptor pathway inhibitor therapy for taxane-naive patients with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PSMAfore): a phase 3, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"404","author":"Morris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(25)00189-5","article-title":"Health-related quality of life, pain, and symptomatic skeletal events with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in patients with progressive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PSMAfore): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial","volume":"26","author":"Fizazi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00382-0","article-title":"Olaparib plus abiraterone versus placebo plus abiraterone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (PROpel): final prespecified overall survival results of a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial","volume":"24","author":"Saad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"10398","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01055-3","article-title":"Talazoparib plus enzalutamide in men with first-line metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TALAPRO-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"402","author":"Agarwal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10502","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00684-1","article-title":"Talazoparib plus enzalutamide in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: final overall survival results from the randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 TALAPRO-2 trial","volume":"406","author":"Agarwal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911206","article-title":"Cabazitaxel versus abiraterone or enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"381","author":"de Wit","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00529-6","article-title":"Overall survival with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus cabazitaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TheraP): secondary outcomes of a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"25","author":"Hofman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30860-X","article-title":"Addition of radium-223 to abiraterone acetate and prednisone or prednisolone in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases (ERA 223): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib77","volume":"35","author":"Gillessen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405095","article-title":"Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy","volume":"371","author":"Beer","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1209096","article-title":"Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy","volume":"368","author":"Ryan","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2021.03.205","article-title":"Cabazitaxel versus abiraterone or enzalutamide in poor prognosis metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase II trial","volume":"32","author":"Annala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib81","first-page":"2495","article-title":"Lutetium-177-PSMA-617 for prostate cancer. reply","volume":"385","author":"Sartor","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.236414","article-title":"Long-term follow-up and outcomes of retreatment in an expanded 50-patient single-center phase II prospective trial of 177Lu-PSMA-617 theranostics in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"61","author":"Violet","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.123.267321","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of extended therapy with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA: a German multicenter study","volume":"65","author":"Seifert","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911440","article-title":"Olaparib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"382","author":"de Bono","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022485","article-title":"Survival with olaparib in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"383","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.00339","article-title":"Olaparib for the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and alterations in BRCA1 and\/or BRCA2 in the PROfound trial","volume":"42","author":"Mateo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2214676","article-title":"Rucaparib or physician\u2019s choice in metastatic prostate cancer","volume":"388","author":"Fizazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02704-x","article-title":"First-line talazoparib with enzalutamide in HRR-deficient metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: the phase 3 TALAPRO-2 trial","volume":"30","author":"Fizazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2200043","article-title":"Abiraterone and olaparib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"1","author":"Clarke","year":"2022","journal-title":"NEJM Evid"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3339","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01649","article-title":"Niraparib and abiraterone acetate for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"41","author":"Chi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.06.009","article-title":"Niraparib plus abiraterone acetate with prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and homologous recombination repair gene alterations: second interim analysis of the randomized phase III MAGNITUDE trial","volume":"34","author":"Chi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"suppl 16","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib92","article-title":"Exploratory analyses of homologous recombination repair alterations (HRRm) by gene subgroup and potential associations with efficacy in the HRR-deficient population from TALAPRO-2","volume":"43","author":"Zschaebitz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.01868","article-title":"FDA approval summary: olaparib in combination with abiraterone for treatment of patients with BRCA-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer","volume":"42","author":"Fallah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2025.04.012","article-title":"Niraparib and abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: final overall survival analysis for the phase 3 MAGNITUDE trial","volume":"8","author":"Chi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Urol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib95","article-title":"Activity of platinum monotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and DNA damage repair gene alterations","volume":"9","author":"Aldea","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"issue":"10502","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00683-X","article-title":"Talazoparib plus enzalutamide in men with HRR-deficient metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: final overall survival results from the randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 TALAPRO-2 trial","volume":"406","author":"Fizazi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.02105","article-title":"Efficacy of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors by individual genes in homologous recombination repair gene-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a US Food and Drug Administration pooled analysis","volume":"42","author":"Fallah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5561","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.23.00985","article-title":"Stereotactic body radiation therapy and abiraterone acetate for patients affected by oligometastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer: a randomized phase II trial (ARTO)","volume":"41","author":"Francolini","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy263","article-title":"A framework to rank genomic alterations as targets for cancer precision medicine: the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT)","volume":"29","author":"Mateo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2025.04.006","article-title":"ESMO-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale version 2.0 (ESMO-MCBS v2.0)","volume":"36","author":"Cherny","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1086\/321805","article-title":"Summary of the guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients","volume":"33","author":"Dykewicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Annals of Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923753426000426?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923753426000426?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T07:15:29Z","timestamp":1784704529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0923753426000426"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0923753426000426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015","relation":{},"ISSN":["0923-7534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0923-7534","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.01.015","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 European Society for Medical Oncology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}