{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T00:14:26Z","timestamp":1793837666932,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["annalsofoncology.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Annals of Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T13:10:40Z","timestamp":1775135440000},"page":"892-901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cytokine release symptoms rather than syndromes: a call for granular reporting of cytokine-related adverse events in clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"J.-D.","family":"Fumet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.R.","family":"Dugage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.-X.","family":"Danlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Hueso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.J.","family":"Pinato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1182-4908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Luke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.M.","family":"Bermejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Lorusso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Brody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6014-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3047-2303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.H.","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Diab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4412-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Garralda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Marron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Houot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0741-2118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Champiat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Marabelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02269-w","article-title":"CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: current challenges and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Zugasti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sig Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-00896-6","article-title":"The present and future of bispecific antibodies for cancer therapy","volume":"23","author":"Klein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0653-x","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome: grading, modeling, and new therapy","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-018-0343-9","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Shimabukuro-Vornhagen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2022.2039432","article-title":"Dissecting the mechanism of cytokine release induced by T-cell engagers highlights the contribution of neutrophils","volume":"11","author":"Leclercq","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-018-0571-y","article-title":"Grading of cytokine release syndrome associated with the CAR T cell therapy tisagenlecleucel","volume":"11","author":"Porter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11063","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17029","article-title":"Predictive role of endothelial cell activation in cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia","volume":"25","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib8","article-title":"A major role for CD4+ T cells in driving cytokine release syndrome during CAR T cell therapy","volume":"4","author":"Boulch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2024.114075","article-title":"Reactions and adverse events induced by T-cell engagers as anti-cancer immunotherapies, a comprehensive review","volume":"205","author":"G\u00e9raud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"10435","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00319-2","article-title":"Afamitresgene autoleucel for advanced synovial sarcoma and myxoid round cell liposarcoma (SPEARHEAD-1): an international, open-label, phase 2 trial","volume":"403","author":"D\u2019Angelo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib11","first-page":"1","article-title":"T cell engagers: expanding horizons in oncology and beyond","author":"Albayrak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002053","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome after chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"45","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-000621","article-title":"Tocilizumab, but not dexamethasone, prevents CRS without affecting antitumor activity of bispecific antibodies","volume":"8","author":"Kauer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.03.019","article-title":"Impact of preemptive use of tocilizumab on chimeric antigen receptor T cell outcomes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"29","author":"De Philippis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.745320","article-title":"Prophylactic tocilizumab prior to anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma","volume":"12","author":"Caimi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-203426","article-title":"Tocilizumab prophylaxis for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma treated with teclistamab, elranatamab or talquetamab","volume":"144","author":"Kowalski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4979","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2025016911","article-title":"Tocilizumab prophylaxis for patients with multiple myeloma treated with bispecific antibodies","volume":"9","author":"Kowalski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000952","article-title":"Comparing CAR T-cell toxicity grading systems: application of the ASTCT grading system and implications for management","volume":"4","author":"Pennisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-05-552729","article-title":"Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome","volume":"124","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709919","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of CD19 CAR therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"378","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2017.148","article-title":"Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy\u2014assessment and management of toxicities","volume":"15","author":"Neelapu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2022.01.004","article-title":"Need for aligning the definition and reporting of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in immuno-oncology clinical trials","volume":"24","author":"Stewart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2022.11.004","article-title":"Amivantamab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) bispecific antibody, designed to enable multiple mechanisms of action and broad clinical applications","volume":"24","author":"Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30148-7","article-title":"ALT-803, an IL-15 superagonist, in combination with nivolumab in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b trial","volume":"19","author":"Wrangle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa063842","article-title":"Cytokine storm in a phase 1 trial of the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412","volume":"355","author":"Suntharalingam","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0000000000000236","article-title":"Cytokine release syndrome during sequential treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors and kinase inhibitors for metastatic melanoma","volume":"42","author":"Dimitriou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Immunother"},{"issue":"724","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adi0258","article-title":"A T cell receptor \u03b2 chain-directed antibody fusion molecule activates and expands subsets of T cells to promote antitumor activity","volume":"15","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdy423","article-title":"Starting the fight in the tumor: expert recommendations for the development of human intratumoral immunotherapy (HIT-IT)","volume":"29","author":"Marabelle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23869","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.733600","article-title":"A novel fusion of ALT-803 (interleukin (IL)-15 superagonist) with an antibody demonstrates antigen-specific antitumor responses","volume":"291","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4071","DOI":"10.1158\/1538-7445.AM2024-4071","article-title":"The first-in-class PD1-IL18 conjugate BPT567 induces potent anti-tumor immunity by preferentially activating PD1+IL18R+ intratumoral effector T cells in cis","volume":"84","author":"Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"suppl 16","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib32","first-page":"TPS2687","volume":"43","author":"Friedman","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.102922","article-title":"Management of infusion-related reactions in cancer therapy: strategies and challenges","volume":"9","author":"Barroso","year":"2024","journal-title":"ESMO Open"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34756","article-title":"Detailed overview of incidence and management of cytokine release syndrome observed with teclistamab in the MajesTEC-1 study of patients with relapsed\/refractory multiple myeloma","volume":"129","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2307980","article-title":"Tarlatamab for patients with previously treated small-cell lung cancer","volume":"389","author":"Ahn","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2502099","article-title":"Tarlatamab in small-cell lung cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy","volume":"393","author":"Mountzios","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006_bib37","article-title":"A computational model of cytokine release syndrome during CAR T-cell therapy","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Ther"}],"container-title":["Annals of Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923753426001286?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0923753426001286?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T20:36:32Z","timestamp":1786480592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0923753426001286"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0923753426001286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0923-7534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0923-7534","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cytokine release symptoms rather than syndromes: a call for granular reporting of cytokine-related adverse events in clinical trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Annals of Oncology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annonc.2026.03.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 European Society for Medical Oncology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}