{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T12:25:11Z","timestamp":1782995111964,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asian-nursingresearch.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Asian Nursing Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T05:16:10Z","timestamp":1705554970000},"page":"20-27","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Online Gambling Patterns and Predictors of Problem Gambling Among Korean Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7006-6409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Sil","family":"Sohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8226-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunmi","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000709","article-title":"The impact of COVID-19 on gambling and gambling disorder: emerging data","volume":"34","author":"Hodgins","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatr"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111482","article-title":"Contentious issues and future directions in adolescent gambling research","volume":"18","author":"Delfabbro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10029-y","article-title":"Gambling by young adults in the UK during COVID-19 lockdown","volume":"38","author":"Emond","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldaa027","article-title":"Gambling in children and adolescents","volume":"136","author":"Emond","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib5","first-page":"59","article-title":"Adolescent gambling on the internet: a review","volume":"22","author":"Griffiths","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/ijsw.12501","article-title":"Adolescent gambling advertising awareness: a national survey","volume":"31","author":"Kristiansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Soc Welfare"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16122110","article-title":"The gambling factors related with the level of adolescent problem gambler","volume":"16","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib8","article-title":"Design and measurement properties of the online gambling disorder questionnaire (OGD-Q) in Spanish adolescents","volume":"9","author":"Gonzalez-Cabrera","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743720935646","article-title":"COVID-19 impacts on child and youth anxiety and depression: challenges and opportunities","volume":"65","author":"Courtney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.10.117","article-title":"Predictors and patterns of gambling behaviour across the COVID-19 lockdown: findings from a UK cohort study","volume":"298","author":"Fluharty","year":"2022","journal-title":"J\u00a0Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00366-1","article-title":"Online gambling in the midst of COVID-19: a nexus of mental health concerns, substance use and financial stress","volume":"20","author":"Price","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9525-2","article-title":"An exploratory study of gambling operators' use of social media and the latent messages conveyed","volume":"32","author":"Gainsbury","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gambl Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-014-9526-x","article-title":"An exploratory study of interrelationships between social casino gaming, gambling, and problem gambling","volume":"13","author":"Gainsbury","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12265","article-title":"Hanging out with the right crowd: peer influence on risk-taking behavior in adolescence","volume":"27","author":"Van Hoorn","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Res Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.10.048","article-title":"Adolescent simulated gambling via digital and social media: an emerging problem","volume":"31","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.10.008","article-title":"Perceptions, people and place: findings from a rapid review of qualitative research on youth gambling","volume":"90","author":"Wardle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib17","article-title":"Exposure to gambling promotions and gambling behaviours in Australian secondary school students","volume":"16","author":"Noble","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addict Behav Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2021.00055","article-title":"Problematic online gambling among adolescents: a systematic review about prevalence and related measurement issues","volume":"10","author":"Montiel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Behav Addict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib19","series-title":"National survey on youth gambling problem [Internet]","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2293-2","article-title":"Problem gambling in adolescents: what are the psychological, social and financial consequences?","volume":"19","author":"Livazovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9627-5","article-title":"Prevalence of adolescent problem gambling: a systematic review of recent research","volume":"33","author":"Calado","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9413-6","article-title":"Internet gambling among high school students in Hong Kong","volume":"30","author":"Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gambl Stud"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.10.008","article-title":"Early risk and protective factors for problem gambling: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"51","author":"Dowling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.12.020","article-title":"Impact of internet gambling on problem gambling among adolescents in Italy: findings from a large-scale nationally representative survey","volume":"57","author":"Canale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9266","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249266","article-title":"A longitudinal analysis of gambling predictors among adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Botella-Guijarro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063220","article-title":"Social ecological model of problem gambling: a cross-national survey study of young people in the United States, South Korea, Spain, and Finland","volume":"18","author":"Oksanen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17218133","article-title":"Online relationships and social media interaction in youth problem gambling: a four-country study","volume":"17","author":"Savolainen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052342","article-title":"Changes of gambling patterns during COVID-19 in Sweden, and potential for preventive policy changes. A second look nine months into the pandemic","volume":"18","author":"Hakansson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104932","article-title":"COVID-19 and resultant restrictions on gambling behaviour","volume":"143","author":"Quinn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib30","series-title":"Canadian adolescent gambling inventory (CAGI) phase III final report [Internet]","author":"Trembly","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib31","series-title":"National survey on youth gambling problem [Internet]","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib32","unstructured":"Spanish Observatory on Drugs and Addictions [Internet]. Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad [cited 2023 Dec 13]. Available from: https:\/\/pnsd.sanidad.gob.es\/en\/profesionales\/sistemasInformacion\/sistemaInformacion\/pdf\/2021_Summary_Report_Behavioural_Addictions_Report.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-022-01299-2","article-title":"Prevalence and types of video gaming and gambling activities among adolescent public school students: findings from a cross-sectional study in Italy","volume":"48","author":"Cena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.568543","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 on online gambling - a general population survey during the pandemic","volume":"11","author":"Hakansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17114013","article-title":"Changes in gambling behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014a Web survey study in Sweden","volume":"17","author":"Hakansson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.583817","article-title":"Gambling marketing strategies and the internet: what do we know? A systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Guillou-Landreat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2017.11.020","article-title":"Pathological gambling among Italian nursing students","volume":"32","author":"Cicolini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9670-x","article-title":"Relationships between perceived family gambling and peer gambling and adolescent problem gambling and binge-drinking","volume":"33","author":"Zhai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.2020.00016","article-title":"Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"9","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Behav Addict"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18041973","article-title":"The influence of lockdown on the gambling pattern of Swiss casinos players","volume":"18","author":"Lischer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10033-2","article-title":"Empirical evidence relating to the relative riskiness of scratch-card gambling","volume":"37","author":"Delfabbro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gambl Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2021.1886567","article-title":"The rise of online sports betting, its fallout, and the onset of a new profile in gambling disorder: young people","volume":"39","author":"Barrera-Algarin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.023","article-title":"The extent and distribution of gambling-related harms and the prevention paradox in a British population survey","volume":"5","author":"Canale","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Behav Addict"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12728","article-title":"What do children observe and learn from televised sports betting advertisements? A qualitative study among Australian children","volume":"41","author":"Pitt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Publ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2019.1590559","article-title":"Adolescent problem gambling requires community-level health promotion approaches","volume":"28","author":"Sapthiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addiction Res Theor"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09908-2","article-title":"The efficacy of a gambling prevention program among high-school students","volume":"36","author":"Calado","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gambl Stud"}],"container-title":["Asian Nursing Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1976131724000021?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1976131724000021?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T19:10:33Z","timestamp":1761851433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1976131724000021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S1976131724000021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1976-1317"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1976-1317","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Online Gambling Patterns and Predictors of Problem Gambling Among Korean Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Asian Nursing Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anr.2024.01.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Korean Society of Nursing Science. Published by Elsevier BV.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}