{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T17:27:34Z","timestamp":1791307654581,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000180","name":"Department of Homeland Security","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HSHQDC-09-C-00120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HSHQDC-09-C-00120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000180","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01-AI071192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI071192"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01-AI069145"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI069145"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["R01AI093491"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI093491"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["U54-AI057156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54-AI057156"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,19]],"date-time":"2012-04-19T10:04:14Z","timestamp":1334829854000},"page":"242-257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":180,"title":["Alphaviruses: Population genetics and determinants of emergence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Winegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian D.","family":"Manger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi L.","family":"Forrester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.11.50","article-title":"Endemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in the Americas: hidden under the dengue umbrella","volume":"6","author":"Aguilar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Future Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4920","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02514-07","article-title":"Structural and nonstructural protein genome regions of eastern equine encephalitis virus are determinants of interferon sensitivity and murine virulence","volume":"82","author":"Aguilar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1005.030634","article-title":"Endemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in northern Peru","volume":"10","author":"Aguilar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11300","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11300-11310.2005","article-title":"Variation in interferon sensitivity and induction among strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus","volume":"79","author":"Aguilar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.293","article-title":"Endemic eastern equine encephalitis in the Amazon region of Peru","volume":"76","author":"Aguilar","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02075-06","article-title":"Capsid protein of eastern equine encephalitis virus inhibits host cell gene expression","volume":"81","author":"Aguilar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0035","first-page":"3","article-title":"Infeccao humana pelo virus \u201cleste\u201d da encefalite equina","volume":"3","author":"Alice","year":"1956","journal-title":"Boletim Institute of Biological da Bahia (Brazil)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4994","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509961103","article-title":"Venezuelan encephalitis emergence mediated by a phylogenetically predicted viral mutation","volume":"103","author":"Anishchenko","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1612.100640","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalitis virus in mosquitoes and their role as bridge vectors","volume":"16","author":"Armstrong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.291","article-title":"Tracking eastern equine encephalitis virus perpetuation in the northeastern United States by phylogenetic analysis","volume":"79","author":"Armstrong","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0241","article-title":"A single-site mutant and revertants arising in vivo define early steps in the pathogenesis of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus","volume":"270","author":"Aronson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1609.100459","article-title":"Cotton rats and house sparrows as hosts for North and South American strains of eastern equine encephalitis virus","volume":"16","author":"Arrigo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01586-09","article-title":"Evolutionary patterns of eastern equine encephalitis virus in North versus South America suggest ecological differences and taxonomic revision","volume":"84","author":"Arrigo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0070","first-page":"209","article-title":"Attenuation of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus by in vitro cultivation in guinea pig heart cells","volume":"73","author":"Berge","year":"1961","journal-title":"American Journal of Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0546","article-title":"Mutations in the E2 glycoprotein of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus confer heparan sulfate interaction, low morbidity, and rapid clearance from blood of mice","volume":"276","author":"Bernard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.579","article-title":"Genetic and antigenic diversity among eastern equine encephalitis viruses from North, Central, and South America","volume":"61","author":"Brault","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.4.1718-1730.2002","article-title":"Positively charged amino acid substitutions in the e2 envelope glycoprotein are associated with the emergence of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus","volume":"76","author":"Brault","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11344","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402905101","article-title":"Venezuelan equine encephalitis emergence: enhanced vector infection from a single amino acid substitution in the envelope glycoprotein","volume":"101","author":"Brault","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0095","first-page":"176","article-title":"Rural epidemic encephalitis in Venezuela caused by a group A arbovirus (VEE)","volume":"9","author":"Briceno Rossi","year":"1967","journal-title":"Progress of Medical Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01320552","article-title":"An attenuated variant of Eastern encephalitis virus: biological properties and protection induced in mice","volume":"47","author":"Brown","year":"1975","journal-title":"Archives of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.2307\/1591696","article-title":"Acute hemorrhagic enterocolitis in ratites: isolation of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus and reproduction of the disease in Ostriches and Turkey poults","volume":"37","author":"Brown","year":"1993","journal-title":"Avian Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0740","first-page":"19","article-title":"Arbovirus serogroups: definition and geographic distribution","volume":"vol. I","author":"Calisher","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/XXVI.3.243","article-title":"Chikungunya and dengue: a case of mistaken identity?","volume":"26","author":"Carey","year":"1971","journal-title":"Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1105.041251","article-title":"Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infection of spiny rats","volume":"11","author":"Carrara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540802419055","article-title":"A fatal case of encephalitis associated with chikungunya virus infection","volume":"40","author":"Casolari","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0130","first-page":"39","article-title":"Epizootic eastern equine encephalitis in the Bratanca region of Para, Brazil","volume":"12","author":"Causey","year":"1962","journal-title":"Review of Servicio Especial de Saude Publica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6970","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712130105","article-title":"Arbovirus evolution in vivo is constrained by host alternation","volume":"105","author":"Coffey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01918-10","article-title":"Host alternation of chikungunya virus increases fitness while restricting population diversity and adaptability to novel selective pressures","volume":"85","author":"Coffey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0145","first-page":"162","article-title":"First isolation of a South American strain of Eastern Equine virus from a case of encephalitis in Trinidad","volume":"24","author":"Corniou","year":"1972","journal-title":"Tropical and Geographical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.272","article-title":"Identification of reptilian and amphibian blood meals from mosquitoes in an eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus focus in central Alabama","volume":"71","author":"Cupp","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1504.081008","article-title":"Experimental infection of potential reservoir hosts with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Mexico","volume":"15","author":"Deardorff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0160","first-page":"1006","article-title":"Mortality of captive whooping cranes caused by eastern equine encephalitis virus","volume":"189","author":"Dein","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.281","article-title":"Vectors of chikungunya virus in Senegal: current data and transmission cycles","volume":"60","author":"Diallo","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.281","article-title":"Vectors of chikungunya virus in Senegal: current data and transmission cycles","volume":"60","author":"Diallo","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1980.29.133","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalomyelitis in Panama: the epidemiology of the 1973 epizootic","volume":"29","author":"Dietz","year":"1980","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.205.07.1014","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in swine","volume":"205","author":"Elvinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0586","article-title":"A multi-year study of mosquito feeding patterns on avian hosts in a southeastern focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus","volume":"84","author":"Estep","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.2307\/1591693","article-title":"High mortality of domestic turkeys associated with Highlands J virus and eastern equine encephalitis virus infections","volume":"37","author":"Ficken","year":"1993","journal-title":"Avian Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0195","series-title":"Analysis of intra-host variation in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus reveals repeated deletions in the 6K protein gene","author":"Forrester","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012","article-title":"Western equine encephalitis submergence: lack of evidence for a decline in virus virulence","volume":"380","author":"Forrester","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05591-11","article-title":"Genome-scale phylogeny of the alphavirus genus suggests a marine origin","volume":"86","author":"Forrester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e787","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000787","article-title":"Arboviral etiologies of acute febrile illnesses in Western South America, 2000\u20132007","volume":"4","author":"Forshey","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.860","article-title":"An outbreak of Venezuelan encephalitis in man in the Panama Canal Zone","volume":"19","author":"Franck","year":"1970","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1133","article-title":"Chikungunya encephalomyeloradiculitis: report of 2 cases with neuroimaging and 1 case with autopsy findings","volume":"29","author":"Ganesan","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJNR American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0225","series-title":"Type I interferon induction is correlated with attenuation of a South American eastern equine encephalitis virus strain in mice","author":"Gardner","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02073-06","article-title":"The Old World and New World alphaviruses use different virus-specific proteins for induction of transcriptional shutoff","volume":"81","author":"Garmashova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-5","article-title":"Perceived morbidity and community burden after a chikungunya outbreak: the TELECHIK survey, a population-based cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Gerardin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120807","article-title":"The 1959 outbreak of Eastern encephalitis in New Jersey. 5. The inapparent infection:disease ratio","volume":"87","author":"Goldfield","year":"1968","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0245","first-page":"161","article-title":"Equine amplification and virulence of subtype IE Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses isolated during the 1993 and 1996 Mexican epizootics","volume":"9","author":"Gonzalez-Salazar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.101873","article-title":"Chikungunya virus, southeastern France","volume":"17","author":"Grandadam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.72.330","article-title":"Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in the guinea pig model: evidence for epizootic virulence determinants outside the E2 envelope glycoprotein gene","volume":"72","author":"Greene","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14253","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.22.14253-14260.2005","article-title":"Effect of alternating passage on adaptation of sindbis virus to vertebrate and invertebrate cells","volume":"79","author":"Greene","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1995.1022","article-title":"Specific restrictions in the progression of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-induced disease resulting from single amino acid changes in the glycoproteins","volume":"206","author":"Grieder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.2307\/1592080","article-title":"Decreased egg production in turkeys experimentally infected with eastern equine encephalitis virus or Highlands J virus","volume":"38","author":"Guy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Avian Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5997","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.16.5997","article-title":"Western equine encephalitis virus is a recombinant virus","volume":"85","author":"Hahn","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.235","article-title":"Biological weapons \u2013 a primer for microbiologists","volume":"55","author":"Hawley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annual Review of Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651993000400009","article-title":"Circulation of eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, Ilheus, Maguari and Tacaiuma viruses in equines of the Brazilian Pantanal, South America","volume":"35","author":"Iversson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0152","article-title":"Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus infections: a review of history, ecology, and predictive models, with implications for tropical northern Australia","volume":"8","author":"Jacups","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0295","first-page":"79","article-title":"Venezuelan equine encephalitis","volume":"18","author":"Johnson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1212.060710","article-title":"Chikungunya disease outbreak, Reunion Island","volume":"12","author":"Josseran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.02.201","article-title":"Effect of T-705 treatment on western equine encephalitis in a mouse model","volume":"82","author":"Julander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antiviral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0310","series-title":"The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology","first-page":"137","article-title":"Chikungunya virus disease","author":"Jupp","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90005-5","article-title":"Laboratory vector studies on six mosquito and one tick species with chikungunya virus","volume":"75","author":"Jupp","year":"1981","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001191","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001191","article-title":"Endogenous viral elements in animal genomes","volume":"6","author":"Katzourakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.67.3.1269-1277.1993","article-title":"Attenuation of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus strain TC-83 is encoded by the 5\u2032-noncoding region and the E2 envelope glycoprotein","volume":"67","author":"Kinney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krastinova, E., Quatresous, I., Tarantola, A., 2006. Imported cases of chikungunya in metropolitan France. update to June 2006. Euro Surveill 11, E060824 1.","DOI":"10.2807\/esw.11.34.03030-en"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0335","first-page":"26","article-title":"Burden of chikungunya in India: estimates of disability adjusted life years (DALY) lost in 2006 epidemic","volume":"46","author":"Krishnamoorthy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0340","series-title":"Fields\u2019 Virology","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Togaviridae: the viruses and their replication","author":"Kuhn","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4103","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.9.4103-4109.2001","article-title":"Arbovirus of marine mammals: a new alphavirus isolated from the elephant seal louse, Lepidophthirus macrorhini","volume":"75","author":"La Linn","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e646","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000646","article-title":"Consequences of the expanding global distribution of Aedes albopictus for dengue virus transmission","volume":"4","author":"Lambrechts","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1305.070015","article-title":"Chikungunya virus in US travelers returning from India, 2006","volume":"13","author":"Lanciotti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.008656-0","article-title":"Virulence variation among isolates of western equine encephalitis virus in an outbred mouse model","volume":"90","author":"Logue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0365","first-page":"100","article-title":"History and geographic distribution of Venezuelan equine encephalitis","volume":"8","author":"Lord","year":"1974","journal-title":"Bulletin of PAHO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.2.914-922.2000","article-title":"Role of dendritic cell targeting in Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus pathogenesis","volume":"74","author":"MacDonald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.070720","article-title":"Increased mortality rate associated with chikungunya epidemic, Ahmedabad, India","volume":"14","author":"Mavalankar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.09-0577","article-title":"Venereal transmission of chikungunya virus by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"83","author":"Mavale","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(71)90212-4","article-title":"Chikungunya virus in the Entebbe area of Uganda: isolations and epidemiology","volume":"65","author":"McCrae","year":"1971","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0390","first-page":"267","article-title":"Rural epidemic of chikungunya in South Africa with involvement of Aedes (Diceromyia) furcifer (Edwards) and baboons","volume":"73","author":"McIntosh","year":"1977","journal-title":"South African Journal of Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2007.00848.x","article-title":"Alphavirus infections in salmonids \u2013 a review","volume":"30","author":"McLoughlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Fish Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.1140","article-title":"Molecular identification of blood-meal sources in Culiseta melanura and Culiseta morsitans from an endemic focus of eastern equine encephalitis virus in New York","volume":"75","author":"Molaei","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0405","first-page":"479","article-title":"Toward the incrimination of epidemic vectors of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in Massachusetts: abundance of mosquito populations at epidemic foci","volume":"15","author":"Moncayo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1974.11686925","article-title":"An epidemic of chikungunya fever at Ibadan, Nigeria, 1969","volume":"68","author":"Moore","year":"1974","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0415","first-page":"593","article-title":"Absence of transovarial transmission of chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti & Ae. albopictus mosquitoes","volume":"85","author":"Mourya","year":"1987","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Medical Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-189","article-title":"Molecular characterization of chikungunya virus isolates from clinical samples and adult Aedes albopictus mosquitoes emerged from larvae from Kerala, South India","volume":"7","author":"Niyas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virology Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0425","first-page":"323","article-title":"Outbreak of chikungunya due to virus of Central\/East African genotype in Malaysia","volume":"62","author":"Noridah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Medical Journal of Malaysia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1086\/383246","article-title":"The hamster as an animal model for eastern equine encephalitis \u2013 and its use in studies of virus entrance into the brain","volume":"189","author":"Paessler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4691","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004691","article-title":"Aedes albopictus mosquito: the main vector of the 2007 chikungunya outbreak in Gabon","volume":"4","author":"Pages","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21090","article-title":"Circulation of chikungunya virus in Gabon, 2006\u20132007","volume":"80","author":"Peyrefitte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.709","article-title":"Genus-specific detection of alphaviruses by a semi-nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction","volume":"57","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)00168-Z","article-title":"Long-term duration of detectable neutralizing antibodies after administration of live-attenuated VEE vaccine and following booster vaccination with inactivated VEE vaccine","volume":"14","author":"Pittman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10118","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.21.10118-10131.2001","article-title":"Evolutionary relationships and systematics of the alphaviruses","volume":"75","author":"Powers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82858-0","article-title":"Changing patterns of chikungunya virus: re-emergence of a zoonotic arbovirus","volume":"88","author":"Powers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of General Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3854","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00328-1","article-title":"Genetically engineered, live attenuated vaccines for Venezuelan equine encephalitis: testing in animal models","volume":"21","author":"Pratt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pratt, W.D., Hart, M.K., Reed, D.S., Steele, K.E., 2006. Alphaviruses. CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420038118.ch11"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e472","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000472","article-title":"Venezuelan equine encephalitis in panama: fatal endemic disease and genetic diversity of etiologic viral strains","volume":"3","author":"Quiroz","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1086\/519391","article-title":"Severe encephalitis in cynomolgus macaques exposed to aerosolized eastern equine encephalitis virus","volume":"196","author":"Reed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1086\/444397","article-title":"Aerosol exposure to western equine encephalitis virus causes fever and encephalitis in cynomolgus macaques","volume":"192","author":"Reed","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1086\/382281","article-title":"Aerosol infection of cynomolgus macaques with enzootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses","volume":"189","author":"Reed","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61779-6","article-title":"Infection with chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region","volume":"370","author":"Rezza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1086\/513978","article-title":"Epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in La Guajira, Colombia, 1995","volume":"175","author":"Rivas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.35.7.1887-1890.1997","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies capable of distinguishing epizootic from enzootic varieties of subtype 1 Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses in a rapid indirect immunofluorescence assay","volume":"35","author":"Roehrig","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.06.009","article-title":"Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein is a cellular receptor for sindbis virus in both insect and mammalian hosts","volume":"10","author":"Rose","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0515","first-page":"3","article-title":"Localized eastern equine encephalitis in Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina, without human infection","volume":"51","author":"Sabattini","year":"1991","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(01)00306-8","article-title":"A generic nested-RT-PCR followed by sequencing for detection and identification of members of the alphavirus genus","volume":"95","author":"Sanchez-Seco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Virological Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60838-6","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus: epidemiology and evolution of mosquito transmission","volume":"37","author":"Scott","year":"1989","journal-title":"Advances in Virus Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0530","series-title":"Clinical Virology","first-page":"1241","article-title":"Alphaviruses","author":"Smith","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tandale, B.V., Sathe, P.S., Arankalle, V.A., Wadia, R.S., Kulkarni, R., Shah, S.V., Shah, S.K., Sheth, J.K., Sudeep, A.B., Tripathy, A.S., Mishra, A.C., 2009. Systemic involvements and fatalities during Chikungunya epidemic in India, 2006. Journal of Clinical Virology.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.06.027"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0540","first-page":"951","article-title":"Outbreak of chikungunya fever in Thailand and virus detection in field population of vector mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"40","author":"Thavara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002412","article-title":"Sequential adaptive mutations enhance efficient vector switching by chikungunya virus and its epidemic emergence","volume":"7","author":"Tsetsarkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7872","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018344108","article-title":"Chikungunya virus emergence is constrained in Asia by lineage-specific adaptive landscapes","volume":"108","author":"Tsetsarkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2011.07.004","article-title":"Chikungunya virus: evolution and genetic determinants of emergence","volume":"1","author":"Tsetsarkin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Opinion of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6835","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006835","article-title":"Epistatic roles of E2 glycoprotein mutations in adaption of chikungunya virus to aedes albopictus and ae. Aegypti mosquitoes","volume":"4","author":"Tsetsarkin","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030201","article-title":"A single mutation in chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential","volume":"3","author":"Tsetsarkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.2307\/1591790","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalitis in a flock of emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)","volume":"36","author":"Tully","year":"1992","journal-title":"Avian Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/45.4.720","article-title":"Susceptibility of Peruvian mosquitoes to eastern equine encephalitis virus","volume":"45","author":"Turell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Entomology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910X12851868779984","article-title":"Emerging tropical diseases in Australia. Part 4. Mosquitoborne diseases","volume":"104","author":"van den Hurk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1168","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001168","article-title":"Two Chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito, Aedes albopictus","volume":"2","author":"Vazeille","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.8","article-title":"The economic burden imposed by a residual case of eastern encephalitis","volume":"52","author":"Villari","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62241-9","article-title":"Early events in the pathogenesis of eastern equine encephalitis virus in mice","volume":"166","author":"Vogel","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6497","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01603-09","article-title":"Genome-scale phylogenetic analyses of chikungunya virus reveal independent emergences of recent epidemics and various evolutionary rates","volume":"84","author":"Volk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.5.5.750-756.1972","article-title":"Experimental infection of horses with an attenuated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine (strain TC-83)","volume":"5","author":"Walton","year":"1972","journal-title":"Infect Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/128.3.271","article-title":"Experimental infection of horses with enzootic and epizootic strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus","volume":"128","author":"Walton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0745","first-page":"203","article-title":"Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis","volume":"vol. IV","author":"Walton","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0620","first-page":"916","article-title":"Persistence of neutralizing antibody in Equidae vaccinated with Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine strain TC-83","volume":"161","author":"Walton","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.65.64","article-title":"Virulence and viremia characteristics of 1992 epizootic subtype IC Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses and closely related enzootic subtype ID strains","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0630","series-title":"The Encyclopedia of Arthropod-transmitted Infections","first-page":"151","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalitis","author":"Weaver","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0635","first-page":"285","article-title":"Evolutionary influences in arboviral disease","volume":"299","author":"Weaver","year":"2006","journal-title":"Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1006","article-title":"Transmission cycles, host range, evolution and emergence of arboviral disease","volume":"2","author":"Weaver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1421","article-title":"Diversity within natural populations of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus","volume":"195","author":"Weaver","year":"1993","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4316","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.5.4316-4326.1999","article-title":"Genetic and fitness changes accompanying adaptation of an arbovirus to vertebrate and invertebrate cells","volume":"73","author":"Weaver","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.49.061802.123422","article-title":"Venezuelan equine encephalitis","volume":"49","author":"Weaver","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annual Review of Entomology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0660","series-title":"Virus Taxonomy, VIII Report of the ICTV","first-page":"999","article-title":"Togaviridae","author":"Weaver","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.71.1.613-623.1997","article-title":"Recombinational history and molecular evolution of western equine encephalomyelitis complex alphaviruses","volume":"71","author":"Weaver","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0670","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Virology","first-page":"107","article-title":"Togaviruses: General Features","author":"Weaver","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.441","article-title":"Genetic evidence for the origins of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IAB outbreaks","volume":"60","author":"Weaver","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.10.008","article-title":"Present and future arboviral threats","volume":"85","author":"Weaver","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antiviral Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)02275-1","article-title":"Re-emergence of epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis in South America. VEE Study Group","volume":"348","author":"Weaver","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90618-L","article-title":"Molecular evolution of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in North America","volume":"182","author":"Weaver","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.2307\/1589292","article-title":"Pheasant susceptibility at different ages to Eastern encephalitis virus from various sources in Massachusetts","volume":"22","author":"Weinack","year":"1978","journal-title":"Avian Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.2307\/1593081","article-title":"Diagnosis of eastern equine encephalitis by immunohistochemistry in two flocks of Michigan ring-neck pheasants","volume":"44","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Avian Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.070816","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of eastern equine encephalitis virus, New York","volume":"14","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120942","article-title":"Antigenic variants of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus: their geographic distribution and epidemiologic significance","volume":"89","author":"Young","year":"1969","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1969.18.280","article-title":"Viruses of the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis complex. Infection and cross-challenge of rodents with VEE, Mucambo, and Pixuna viruses","volume":"18","author":"Young","year":"1969","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.015","article-title":"CD4+ T cells provide protection against acute lethal encephalitis caused by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus","volume":"27","author":"Yun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.08.023","article-title":"Encephalitic alphaviruses","volume":"140","author":"Zacks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Veterinary Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3854","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.261","article-title":"4.4 A cryo-EM structure of an enveloped alphavirus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002_b0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1993.tb03232.x","article-title":"Transovarial transmission of chikungunya virus by Aedes albopictus mosquitoes ingesting microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis under laboratory conditions","volume":"37","author":"Zytoon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Microbiology and Immunology"}],"container-title":["Antiviral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016635421200085X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016635421200085X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,23]],"date-time":"2024-04-23T09:27:03Z","timestamp":1713864423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016635421200085X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":147,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S016635421200085X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2012.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-3542"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-3542","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}