{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T19:48:57Z","timestamp":1775764137414,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Scientific Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31372471"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31372471"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010042","name":"Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["201303040-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201303040-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,27]],"date-time":"2016-05-27T03:01:46Z","timestamp":1464318106000},"page":"92-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Improved immune response to an attenuated pseudorabies virus vaccine by ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) in combination with thimerosal (TS)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Jingxuan","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shicheng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cenrong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yisong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songhua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0706467","article-title":"Thimerosal induces TH2 responses via influencing cytokine secretion by human dendritic cells","volume":"81","author":"Agrawal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1911.130177","article-title":"Pseudorabies virus variant in bartha-K61-vaccinated pigs, China, 2012","volume":"19","author":"An","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.1996.0043","article-title":"Function and regulation of natural killer (NK) cells during viral infections: characterization of responses in\u00a0vivo","volume":"9","author":"Biron","year":"1996","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxn057","article-title":"Four novel ULBP splice variants are ligands for human NKG2D","volume":"20","author":"Cao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-13-36","article-title":"Adjuvant effect of docetaxel on the immune responses to influenza A H1N1 vaccine in mice","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/824630","article-title":"An overview of live attenuated recombinant pseudorabies viruses for use as novel vaccines","author":"Dong","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib7","first-page":"290","article-title":"Recognition of Mycobacterium leprae recombinant 18,000 MW epitopes by IgG subclasses in leprosy","volume":"84","author":"Hussain","year":"1995","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00264-7","article-title":"Adjuvant effect of ginseng extracts on the immune responses to immunisation against Staphylococcus aureus in dairy cattle","volume":"91","author":"Hu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.03.020","article-title":"Induction of protective immunity in swine by immunization with live attenuated recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the capsid precursor encoding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15819","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901216106","article-title":"miR-147, a microRNA that is induced upon Toll-like receptor stimulation, regulates murine macrophage inflammatory responses","volume":"106","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2423","DOI":"10.3923\/javaa.2012.2423.2428","article-title":"Ginseng stem-leaf saponins and oil adjuvant synergistically promote the immune responses to Newcastle disease in chickens","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201100377","article-title":"Increased humoral immune responses of pigs to foot-and-mouth disease vaccine supplemented with ginseng stem and leaf saponins","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(93)90130-Y","article-title":"Role of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein II in protection from lethal infection","volume":"36","author":"Nakamura","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3071","article-title":"Glutathione levels in antigen-presenting cells modulate Th1 versus Th2 response patterns","volume":"95","author":"Peterson","year":"1998","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3424","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.6.3424-3434.1992","article-title":"Protection of mice and swine from pseudorabies virus conferred by vaccinia virus-based recombinants","volume":"66","author":"Riviere","year":"1992","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2427(02)00269-6","article-title":"Ginseng extract in aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccines improves the antibody response of pigs to porcine parvovirus and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae","volume":"91","author":"Rivera","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00518-2","article-title":"Ginseng and aluminium hydroxide act synergistically as vaccine adjuvants","volume":"21","author":"Rivera","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.09.054","article-title":"Adjuvant effects of protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol saponins from ginseng roots on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice","volume":"25","author":"Sun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.10.030","article-title":"Ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) and mineral oil act synergistically to enhance the immune responses to vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease in mice","volume":"27","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.03.052","article-title":"Ginsenosides Rg1 and Re act as adjuvant via TLR4 signaling pathway","volume":"30","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4298","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.8.4298","article-title":"Isotype switching by human B cells is division-associated and regulated by cytokines","volume":"169","author":"Tangye","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12481","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605298103","article-title":"NF-kappaB-dependent induction of microRNA miR-146, an inhibitor targeted to signaling proteins of innate immune responses","volume":"103","author":"Taganov","year":"2006","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(94)00112-P","article-title":"Characterization of pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gII expressed by recombinant baculovirus","volume":"36","author":"Xuan","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.04.046","article-title":"Paclitaxel acts as an adjuvant to promote both Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced by ovalbumin in mice","volume":"28","author":"Yuan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2001.130531","article-title":"Pathogenic pseudorabies virus, China, 2012","volume":"20","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib27","first-page":"121","article-title":"Aujeszky\u2019s disease virus: opportunities and challenges","volume":"31","author":"Zuckermann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00127-14","article-title":"Rapeseed oil and ginseng saponins work synergistically to enhance Th1 and Th2 immune responses induced by the foot-and-mouth disease vaccine","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."}],"container-title":["Antiviral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166354216300523?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166354216300523?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T02:35:38Z","timestamp":1600655738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166354216300523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S0166354216300523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-3542"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-3542","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Improved immune response to an attenuated pseudorabies virus vaccine by ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) in combination with thimerosal (TS)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Antiviral Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.05.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}