{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:57:55Z","timestamp":1779191875890,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007278","name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antiviral Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]],"date-time":"2016-10-28T04:45:41Z","timestamp":1477629941000},"page":"112-124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Identification of drug resistance and immune-driven variations in hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3\/4A, NS5A and NS5B regions reveals a new approach toward personalized medicine"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Aqsa","family":"Ikram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Obaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faryal Mehwish","family":"Awan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rumeza","family":"Hanif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anam","family":"Naz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rehan Zafar","family":"Paracha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amjad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hussnain Ahmed","family":"Janjua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e512","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000512","article-title":"Pathogen proteins eliciting antibodies do not share epitopes with host proteins: a bioinformatics approach","volume":"2","author":"Amela","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02294-12","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus variants with decreased sensitivity to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) were rarely observed in DAA-naive patients prior to treatment","volume":"87","author":"Bartels","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.15","article-title":"GenBank","volume":"28","author":"Benson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.3390\/v2081752","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus NS3\/4A protease inhibitors: a light at the end of the tunnel","volume":"2","author":"Chatel-Chaix","year":"2010","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.11.008","article-title":"Chutes and ladders in hepatitis C nucleoside drug development","volume":"102","author":"Coats","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.2165\/00822942-200403040-00005","article-title":"HCVDB","volume":"3","author":"Combet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Bioinforma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-4","article-title":"VaxiJen: a server for prediction of protective antigens, tumour antigens and subunit vaccines","volume":"8","author":"Doytchinova","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.05.045","article-title":"Cross-genotype-reactivity of the immunodominant HCV CD8 T-cell epitope NS3-1073","volume":"26","author":"Fytili","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22773","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus drug resistance and immune-driven adaptations: Relevance to new antiviral therapy","volume":"49","author":"Gaudieri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01149-07","article-title":"Relative replication capacity and selective advantage profiles of protease inhibitor-resistant hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease mutants in the HCV genotype 1b replicon system","volume":"52","author":"He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-69","article-title":"Frequency distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in different geographical regions of Pakistan and their possible routes of transmission","volume":"8","author":"Idrees","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350701200715","article-title":"Future treatment of chronic hepatitis C","volume":"12","author":"Keeffe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antivir. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.07.009","article-title":"Antiviral interactions of an HCV polymerase inhibitor with an HCV protease inhibitor or interferon in\u00a0vitro","volume":"73","author":"Koev","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth485","article-title":"The Los Alamos hepatitis C sequence database","volume":"21","author":"Kuiken","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23515","article-title":"Specific human leukocyte antigen class I and II alleles associated with hepatitis C virus viremia","volume":"51","author":"Kuniholm","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2008.03.005","article-title":"Unifying classical and molecular taxonomic classification: analysis of the Podoviridae using BLASTP-based tools","volume":"159","author":"Lavigne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.9.1499","article-title":"Analysis of successful immune responses in persons infected with hepatitis C virus","volume":"191","author":"Lechner","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01452-09","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro resistance profile of the hepatitis C virus NS3\/4A protease inhibitor TMC435","volume":"54","author":"Lenz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17508","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M313020200","article-title":"In\u00a0Vitro Resistance studies of hepatitis C virus serine protease inhibitors, VX-950 and BILN 2061 structural analysis indicates different resistance mechanisms","volume":"279","author":"Lin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300413","article-title":"Mapping natural polymorphisms of hepatitis C virus NS3\/4A protease and antiviral resistance to inhibitors in worldwide isolates","volume":"13","author":"L\u00f3pez-Labrador","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antivir. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01004-06","article-title":"Evolution of resistant M414T mutants among hepatitis C virus replicon cells treated with polymerase inhibitor A-782759","volume":"51","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.6.2260-2266.2004","article-title":"Mutations conferring resistance to a potent hepatitis C virus serine protease inhibitor in\u00a0vitro","volume":"48","author":"Lu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(99)80250-5","article-title":"HLA class II favors clearance of HCV infection and progression of the chronic liver damage","volume":"30","author":"Mangia","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib38","series-title":"Clinically Relevant HCVdrug Resistance Mutations Figure\u00a0and Tables","first-page":"1","author":"Mani","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2411","article-title":"The way forward in HCV treatment\u2014finding the right path","volume":"6","author":"Manns","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib40","unstructured":"Matvienko, M., CLC Genomics Workbench."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-007-0103-2","article-title":"Computational analysis and identification of amino acid sites in dengue E proteins relevant to development of diagnostics and vaccines","volume":"35","author":"Mazumder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3361","article-title":"Hepatitis C \u00e2\u20ac\u201d pipeline update","volume":"10","author":"Melnikova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27259","article-title":"Global distribution and prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotypes","volume":"61","author":"Messina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.10.4305-4314.2005","article-title":"Mutations conferring resistance to a hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor alone or in combination with an HCV serine protease inhibitor in\u00a0vitro","volume":"49","author":"Mo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24541","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen B27 selects for rare escape mutations that significantly impair hepatitis C virus replication and require compensatory mutations","volume":"54","author":"Neumann-Haefelin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib50","series-title":"Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis Infection: Framework for Global Action. 2012","author":"Organization, W.H","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib53","series-title":"Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C: Current and Future, Hepatitis C Virus: from Molecular Virology to Antiviral Therapy","first-page":"321","author":"Pawlotsky","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X09336045","article-title":"Therapeutic implications of hepatitis C virus resistance to antiviral drugs","volume":"2","author":"Pawlotsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/673240","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus adaptation to T-cell immune pressure","author":"Plauzolles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.05.015","article-title":"Update on hepatitis C virus resistance to direct-acting antiviral agents","volume":"108","author":"Poveda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1573","article-title":"Immunology of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"5","author":"Rehermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature Rev. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.02.060","article-title":"CD8+ T-cell response promotes evolution of hepatitis C virus nonstructural proteins","volume":"140","author":"Ruhl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v2.i1.6","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus resistance to new specifically-targeted antiviral therapy: a public health perspective","volume":"2","author":"Salvatierra","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib61","series-title":"Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Positive Strand RNA Viruses","article-title":"Characterisation of HCV replicons resistant to inhibitors of NS3 protease activity, abstr. 290","author":"Sheaffer","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4196","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00307-11","article-title":"Mechanistic characterization of GS-9190 (Tegobuvir), a novel nonnucleoside inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS5B polymerase","volume":"55","author":"Shih","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02540.x","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Asia, Australia and Egypt","volume":"31","author":"Sievert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/17.12.1236","article-title":"ProPred: prediction of HLA-DR binding sites","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg108","article-title":"ProPred1: prediction of promiscuous MHC Class-I binding sites","volume":"19","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71888","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071888","article-title":"Potential elucidation of a novel CTL epitope in HIV-1 protease by the protease inhibitor resistance mutation L90M","volume":"8","author":"Smidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26744","article-title":"Expanded classification of hepatitis C virus into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes: updated criteria and genotype assignment web resource","volume":"59","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr215","article-title":"Directly acting antivirals against hepatitis C virus","volume":"66","author":"Soriano","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib69","article-title":"Sofosbuvir, a NS5B polymerase inhibitor in the treatment of hepatitis C: a review of its clinical potential","author":"Stedman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/9858","article-title":"Generation of tissue-specific and promiscuous HLA ligand databases using DNA microarrays and virtual HLA class II matrices","volume":"17","author":"Sturniolo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.10.1395","article-title":"Determinants of viral clearance and persistence during acute hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"194","author":"Thimme","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4792","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.10.4792-4797.2002","article-title":"HLA-Cw* 04 and hepatitis C virus persistence","volume":"76","author":"Thio","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib72","first-page":"2.3. 1","article-title":"Multiple sequence alignment using ClustalW and ClustalX","author":"Thompson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Bioinforma."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13225","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.24.13225-13231.2003","article-title":"Mechanism of action and antiviral activity of benzimidazole-based allosteric inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase","volume":"77","author":"Tomei","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.2.938-946.2004","article-title":"Characterization of the inhibition of hepatitis C virus RNA replication by nonnucleosides","volume":"78","author":"Tomei","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2005.12.003","article-title":"Identification and analysis of fitness of resistance mutations against the HCV protease inhibitor SCH 503034","volume":"70","author":"Tong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib77","first-page":"jit562","article-title":"In\u00a0vivo emergence of a novel mutant L159F\/L320F in the NS5B polymerase confers low-level resistance to the HCV polymerase inhibitors mericitabine and sofosbuvir","author":"Tong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib78","article-title":"Characterization of resistance to the non-nucleoside NS5B inhibitor filibuvir in hepatitis C infected patients","author":"Troke","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother. AAC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(99)00131-7","article-title":"HLA association with hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"61","author":"Vejbaesya","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib80","series-title":"Prescribing Information","author":"Victrelis","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib81","series-title":"Analysis of HCVNS5b Genetic Variants Following Monotherapy with HCV-796, a Non-nucleoside Polymerase Inhibitor, in Treatment-naive HCV-infected Patients, Hepatology","first-page":"607A","author":"Villano","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D405","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku938","article-title":"The immune epitope database (IEDB) 3.0","volume":"43","author":"Vita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D854","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp1004","article-title":"The immune epitope database 2.0","volume":"38","author":"Vita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic acids Res."},{"issue":"47","key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8940","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i47.8940","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor-resistance mutations: our experience and review","volume":"19","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol. WJG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01548-07","article-title":"Selection of replicon variants resistant to ACH-806, a novel hepatitis C virus inhibitor with no cross-resistance to NS3 protease and NS5B polymerase inhibitors","volume":"52","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(07)61604-3","article-title":"Valopicitabine (NM283), alone or with peg-interferon, compared to peg interferon\/ribavirin (pegIFN\/RBV) retreatment in patients with hcv-1 infection and prior non-response to pegIFN\/RBV: one-year results","volume":"46","author":"Afdhal","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(15)31094-1","article-title":"P0891: Resistance analysis of virologic failures in Hepatitis C genotype 1 infected patients treated with grazoprevir\/elbasvir+\/\u2212 ribavirin: the C-worthy study","volume":"62","author":"Black","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01032-08","article-title":"Robust antiviral efficacy upon administration of a nucleoside analog to hepatitis C virus-infected chimpanzees","volume":"53","author":"Carroll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S484","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(13)61192-7","article-title":"1191 GS-5816, a second generation HCV NS5A inhibitor with potent antiviral activity, broad genotypic coverage and a high resistance barrier","volume":"58","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00294-11","article-title":"Comparative study of the genetic barrier and pathways towards resistance of selective inhibitors of HCV replication","author":"Delang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother. AAC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib17","series-title":"13th International Meeting on hepatitis C virus & Related Viruses","article-title":"Identification and characterization of HCV replicon variants with reduced susceptibility to HCV-796","author":"Howe","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib18","series-title":"Resistance Monitoring of Hcv Patients Treated for 3 Days with the NS5A Inhibitor PPI-461 Reveals Rapid Emergence of Resistant HCV Variants, Hepatology","first-page":"536A","author":"Huang","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(09)60955-7","article-title":"953 characterization of resistance mutations selected in\u00a0vitro by the non-nucleoside HCV polymerase inhibitors ABT-333 and ABT-072","volume":"50","author":"Koev","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04226-14","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo antiviral activity and resistance profile of ombitasvir, an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS5A","volume":"59","author":"Krishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(15)30071-4","article-title":"O057: long-term follow-up of treatment-emergent resistance-associated variants in NS3, NS5A and NS5B with paritaprevir\/r-, ombitasvir-and dasabuvir-based regimens","volume":"62","author":"Krishnan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22549","article-title":"Naturally occurring dominant resistance mutations to hepatitis C virus protease and polymerase inhibitors in treatment-na\u00efve patients","volume":"48","author":"Kuntzen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib28","series-title":"PPI-668, a Potent New pan-genotypic HCV NS5A Inhibitor: Phase 1 Efficacy and Safety, Hepatology","first-page":"1065A","author":"Lalezari","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12334","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05639-11","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus nucleotide inhibitors PSI-352938 and PSI-353661 exhibit a novel mechanism of resistance requiring multiple mutations within replicon RNA","volume":"85","author":"Lam","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6146","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02628-05","article-title":"Selection and characterization of replicon variants dually resistant to thumb-and palm-binding nonnucleoside polymerase inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus","volume":"80","author":"Le Pogam","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i11.2902","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitors and drug resistance mutations","volume":"20","author":"Nakamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3525","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.11.3525-3530.2003","article-title":"Resistance profile of a hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase benzothiadiazine inhibitor","volume":"47","author":"Nguyen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(08)60846-6","article-title":"844 genotypic analysis of HCV NS5B variants selected from patients treated with VCH-759","volume":"48","author":"Nicolas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-355","article-title":"Naturally occurring resistance mutations to inhibitors of HCV NS5A region and NS5B polymerase in DAA treatment-na\u00efve patients","volume":"10","author":"Paolucci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00834-07","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro resistance study of AG-021541, a novel nonnucleoside inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase","volume":"52","author":"Shi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2007.11.010","article-title":"Characterization of resistance mutations against HCV ketoamide protease inhibitors","volume":"77","author":"Tong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib84","first-page":"00910","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of GSK2336805, an inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS5A, in healthy subjects and subjects chronically infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus","author":"Wilfret","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob. agents Chemother. AAC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib86","first-page":"139","article-title":"Beyond telaprevir and boceprevir: resistance and new agents for hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"20","author":"Wyles","year":"2011","journal-title":"Top. Antivir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib87","article-title":"Resistance profile of the novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) acyclic nucleoside phosphonate inhibitor ODE-S-MPMPA","author":"Wyles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antivir. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.01.006","article-title":"Molecular modeling and residue interaction network studies on the mechanism of binding and resistance of the HCV NS5B polymerase mutants to VX-222 and ANA598","volume":"104","author":"Xue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840380413","article-title":"Identification of a Ribavirin-resistant NS5B mutation of hepatitis C virus during ribavirin monotherapy","volume":"38","author":"Young","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["Antiviral Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166354216301462?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0166354216301462?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T17:54:27Z","timestamp":1657562067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0166354216301462"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["S0166354216301462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0166-3542"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0166-3542","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Identification of drug resistance and immune-driven variations in hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3\/4A, NS5A and NS5B regions reveals a new approach toward personalized medicine","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Antiviral Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2016.10.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}